1.

1
(electromagnetics)
4


/

(cartesian coordinate) (vector analysis)

1.2

1.1
1.1

600 ..

.. 1729

Stephen Gray

.. 1739
.. 1750

J.T Desaguliers
John Michell

.. 1784

Charles Augustin de
Coulomb
Karl Friedrich Gauss

.. 1777 - 1855

/
:
elektron electricity
:


:
:

:

:

0

1.1 ( )

.. 1800

Benjamin Franklin

Volta

.. 1819

Hans Christian Oersted

Andre Marie Ampare

.. 1826

George Simon Ohm

.. 1831

Michael Faraday

.. 1873

Jame Clerk Maxwell

.. 1886

Heinrich Hertz

.. 1897

J.J. Thomson

.. 1913

Niels Bohr

..1909 - 1913

Robert Andrews
Millikan

/
: 2


:



:

:

:

:
(quantum)
:


:

:

:

:

(

)
:

1.3

.. 1834
Charles Wheatstone, William Cook Samuel Morse

.. 1901
Guglielmo Marconi
(antennas)
1920 1930

1.

2.


3.


4. ( )

5. (fiber optic)

6. (bioelectronics)

7. (EMI) (EMC)



8. (superconductor)

1.4
(physical quantities)
(units)
() 2

1.4.1 (Scalar Quantity)

( t ) (
) ( )
1.4.2 (Vector Quantity)
2 3
(
)

1.5 (Unit Vector)

1 ( )
A A
A
(1.1)
a
A

ax, ay, az x, y, z
(component form)
A = Axax + Ayay + Azaz
(1.2)
(1.3)
A A 2x A 2y A 2z

(1.3)

1.1 A = 2ax + 2ay + az

x, y z

z
2
1

1
2

( x = 2 , y = 2 z = 1 )

y
1

z
2
1

(2, 2, 2)
y

(1.3)
(1.1)
A xax A ya y A zaz
(1.4)
a
A

A 2x A 2y A 2z

1.2 A = 2ax + 2ay + 2az

a A x a x A y a y A z a z
A

aA

aA

A 2x A 2y A 2z

2a x 2a y a z
22 22 22
2a x 2a y a z
3.46

1.6
(1.5)

R AB B x - A x 2 B y - A y 2 B z - A z 2

RAB
R AB

B x - A x 2 B y - A y 2 B z - A z 2

RAB = A B

1.3 A = 3ax 2ay + 2az B = 2ax 2ay + 4az RBA

(1.5)

B(2, - 2, 4)

RAB
A(3, - 2, 2)

R BA

3 - 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 - 4 2

= 2.23

A B 2.23

1.7 (Vector Algebra)

1.7.1
A + B
(addition rail to head rule) 1.1

A + B = (Axax + Ayay + Azaz) + (Bxax + Byay + Bzaz)
= (Ax+Bx)ax + (Ay+By)ay + (Az+Bz)az
(1.5)
A B A + ( B) 1.2
1.3
1.4 A = 2ax + 2ay + 2az B = ax ay + 2az C = A + B

C = (2+1)ax + (21)ay + (2+2)az

= 3ax + ay + 4az
1.7.2 (Associative), (Distributive) (Commutative)
A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C

(1.6)

C = A+B

C = A+B

()
()
1.1 () ()

C= A - B

-B

1.2 2

kA

kA

k>0

k<0

1.3

k(A + B) = kA + kB

(k1 + k2)A = k1A + k2A

A+B=B+A

(1.7)
(1.8)

k
1.7.3

1.3
1.7.4 (Dot Product)


AB = AB cos AB
(1.9)
(1.9) A B A B ( 180o)
A B A B

axay = ayaz = azax = ayax = azay = axaz = 0
(1.10)

AB
AB = (Axax + Ayay + Azaz)(Bxax + Byay + Bzaz)
( 9 )
AB = AxBx + AyBy + AzBz

(1.11)

1.5 A = 3ax + 2ay 2az B = ax + 4ay + 5az AB

(1.11)
AB = AxBx + AyBy + AzBz
= (3)(1) + (2)(4) + (2)(5)

AB = 1

AA = AA cosAA = AA = A2

(1.12)

A AA

(1.13)

AB = B A A(B + C) = AB + AC

(1.14)

1.7.5 (Cross Product) 2

(vector product) (1.15)
AB = (AB sin)an
( A B)
(1.15)
A B an A B
an (right hand screw) 1.4
1.5

ax ay = az, ay az = ax, az ax = ay
(1.16)
an

1.4

az
- ax

ax

- ay a
y

ay
ax

az
- az

1.5

ay ax = az, az ay = ax, ax az = ay

(1.17)

A B = (Axax + Ayay + Azaz) (Bxax + Byay + Bzaz)

= (AyBz AzBy)ax + (AzBx AxBz)ay + (AxBy AyBx)az

ax

A B = Ax
Bx

ay

az

Ay

Az

By

Bz

(1.18)

AB=BA

(1.19)

1.6 A = 3ax + 2ay 2az B = ax + 4ay + 5az A B

(1.18)
ax

AB= 3
1

ay

az

-2

A B = [(2)(5) (4)(2)]ax [(3)(5) (1)(2)]ay + [(3)(4) (1)(2)]az

A B = 18ax 17ay + 10az

1.8 (Vector Field)

(position vector)

x, y z

10

1.7 v = 2ez/100 ax
( ax ) (z)
100

v = 2ez/100 ax z = 0
v = 2e0/100 ax = 2 ax /
2 /
100 (z = 100)
v = 2e- 100/100 ax = 0.736 ax /

100 0.736 /

 11

1
1
1. .....................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................
3. ( ) ......................................................................
4. unit vector ..............................................
5. ..........................................................................
6. ........................................
7. ........................................
8. 1.4 B A ...........................................................
9. (1.10) ................................
10. B A ..............................................................
2
1.
. 20oC
. 50
. 60 ./.
. 2 . 12
2. A = 4ax 2ay + az, B(0, 3, 0) C = 4ay + 2az
3. 2 RAB, RBC RCD
4.
z

z
J
H
2

()

()

5. E (0, 2, 3) (4, 0, 2) E
6. F = 0.4(y 2x)ax [200/(x2+ y2+ z2)]az () F P( 4,3,5) ()
F P
7. () () ()
7.1 A = ax ay az
7.2 2A = 4ax 10ay + 10az

12

8. A = 2ax + 4ay B = 6ay 4az () () ()

9. A = 4ax 2ay az B = ax + 4ay 4az

10. 1.6 50 /