3.

1
2 (mass) (electrical
charge)

(time varying charge)

(electrostatic) (steady state)
(magnetostatic)

3.2 (Static Electricity)

3.2.1 (Static Electricity)


3.2.2 (Structure of the Atom)

3.1 ( 2 3 ) 1 (quark)

3 (protons) (neutrons) (electrons)

(nucleus)



+
+
3.1
1

Demarest, K.R., 1998 : 62.

34

3.2.3 (Characteristic of Particle)

3.1 (coulomb),
C 1
(point charge)
1 6.25 1018 1
1/6.25 1018 1.6021 1019 3.1
3.1
(particle)

e
p
n

( )
- 1.60210 1019
1.60210 1019
0

()
9.1091 10-1
1.67252 1027
1.67482 1027

3.1

3.3 (The Fundamentals of Electricity)

3.3.1 (Basic Principle of Charge)

1. 2
2.


3.
( )
4.

3.3.2 (Conservation of Charge)
(law of conservation of charge)

3.4 (Electric Fields)

(free space or vacuum)

( )
3.4.1 (Electric Force)

 35

( 4)
220 P = IV
220 220 1

220
1 9 109
1.01 3.2

220 220
- 1

- 1

1
1

3.2 1

3.4.2 (Electric Field Intensity)

(elctric field intensity) (test
charge) 1

(intensity)

3.4.3 (Electric Potential Energy)

36

3.4.4 (Electric Potential)

(electric potential) 1

3.4.5 (Potential Difference)
(potential difference) 1
2
W () Q
() V
V

W
Q

( / )

(3.1)

1 Joule/Coulomb = 1 Volt
(voltage)
3.1 6 3

(3.1)

6J
2V
3C

3.2 9

2 9

3.4.6 (The Electron Volt)

(electron volt) (eV) 1 eV (elementary charge)
1 V (3.1)
W = (1.6 10-19 C)(1 V)
= (1.6 10-19 C)(1 J/C)
= 1.6 10-19 J

 37

1 eV = 1.6 10-19 J 1 eV
3.4.7 (The Ampere)

1 (A)

Q
( )
t

(3.2)

Q () t () I
()
3.3 8 4

(3.2)
8C
I 2A
4S

3.5 (Electric Field Diagrams)

(field lines)
3.5.1 (Single Positive Charge)
3.3

F
+
+

3.3

(
) 3.3

38

3.5.2 (Single Negative Charge)

3.4 3.3

3.5.3
3.5


3.5.4 (Two Equal Charge)
3.6
3.7 3.7
F

++ +
+ +
+
++ +

3.4

+
+
+
+

3.5
+
+

3.6

 39

+
-

3.7

+
-

3.8
+
+
+
+
-

+
+

+
+

+
-

+
-

3.9

3.5.5
3.8

3.5.6
3.9

()
(uniform)
()

40

1.
2.
3.

3.6 (Electric Field Intensity and Potential

Difference)
3.6.1 (Electric Field Intensity)
, E
E

F
( /)
Q

(3.3)

F = ( ) Q ( )
/ /
3.6.2 (Potential Different)
(V) (E)
(uniform)
V = Ed
(3.4)
d = , ( )

3.7 (Thermionic Emission)

(thermionic emission)
(incandescence) ( therm heat ionic charged)
(Edison Effect)

3.7.1 (Electron Beams)

(anode)



(vacuum tube)
(Cathode

 41

Ray Tube) CRT 3.10

(particle accelerator)
3.7.2 (Control of Electron Beams)

(field lines)
( 12)
F = EQ
F = QBu

3.10

3.7.3 (Cathode Ray Tube)

CRT ()
( )

3.10


()

3.7.4 (Mass Spectroscopy)





(mass spectrometer)
3.7.5 (Mass of the Electron)

42

(1.6 10-9 C)
9.1 10-31 kg
3.7.8 (The Laser)


(laser) Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation

3.8 (Electromagnetic Waves)

(electromagnetic radiation)
( )

3.11
, c 3108 /

3.11

 43

3
1
1. ....................................................................
2. .......................... ................
................
3. ................ ................ ...............
4. ................ ................
5. .......................... ................
6. ................................................
7. ............................................................................................................................
8. ............... ........................
9. ............................................................................................................................
10. 1 eV ..........................
11. .......................... ..........................
12. ...................... .....................
13. ....................... (/)
14. ....................... .......................
15. .......................... ..........................
16. .......................... (uniform)
17. ..........................
18. .......................... ..........................

19. .......................... ..........................

..........................
20. .......................... .......................... /
2

44

1. 3.1 1
2. 3.12 A +12 B
( ) A B A
B A
+ 12
A

3.12 2

3. 12 2 1

4. 2 100
20
5. 1 4.82
2
6. 3 10

7. 0.005
10 /
8. 4 eV
9. 4 2

10. 95