(Phase Diagram)

(heat treatment)

2 (Binary phase diagram)

2

Figure 9.1 The solubility of sugar in a sugar-water syrup.

 (Phase)
(Components and Phases)
(Components)
Al Cu
(Phases)

Aluminum-Copper
Alloy

B

B D

(Free Energy)

(Entropy)
3
1. (Temperature ; T)
2. (Pressure ; P)
3. (Composition; C)
6

THE GIBBS PHASE RULE

Degree of Freedom
(Independent Variable)

Thermodynamic

,
3
GIBBS PHASE RULE

P+F=C+2
P =
C = , component
F = (degrees of freedom)
2 = =

 Triple point 3 phase

P+F=C+2
3+F=1+2

F=0
Triple point
invariant point
10

 2
; P = 2
P+F=C+2
2+F=1+2
F=1
1 ; P = 1
P+F=C+2
1+F=1+2
F=2
11

12

Figure 9.2 The copper-nickel phase diagram

1. Phase

2. Phase (Phase Composition)

3. Phase (Phase Amounts)

13

How to build phase diagram

14

15

16

S
=73wt%
WL
R S
W

17

R
RS

= 27wt%

18

19

20

21

Liquid (CE)

(CE) + (CE)

1
2
TE
Eutectic Reaction
(Eutectic )
22

23

24

25

26

 Eutectic (Lamellae)

( 375x)
27

28

29

30


= =
+

31


, =
+

We = Eutectic
WL =
W = Primary

32

W =

W =

33

Q+R
97.8 - C 4
=
P +Q+R
97.8 18.3

P
=
P+Q+R

C 4 18.3
97.8 18.3


75 wt% Sn - 25 wt% Pb 150oC
(a) (phase)
(b)
(c) phase

34

 (75wt% Sn) 150 C

35

(a)
(b)

C (10 wt%-Sn 90 wt% Pb)

C (98 wt%-Sn 2 wt% Pb)

c)
=
=
2
Pb-Sn 180 C
( 183 C) 35%
primary
primary
100 C

36

37

38

 9.19 Phase Diagram Cu Zn

39

E; Eutectoid (560C 74 wt% Zn)

P; Peritectic (598C 78.6 wt% Zn)

 EUTECTOID PERITECTIC
(Eutectoid)
COOLING

HEATING

(Peritectic)
L+

40

COOLING
HEATING

41

A magnesium-lead alloy of mass 7.5 kg consists of a solid

phase that has a composition just slightly below the
solubility limit at 300oC
(a) What mass of lead is in the alloy?
(b) If the alloy is heated to 400oC, how much more lead may
be dissolved in the phase without exceeding the solubility
limit of this phase?
2. Cu-Ag 777oC
primary Eutectic 0.73
0.27
1.

42