1392-

1 1391


.






.

.

.




.

.
.

()

.

2


.................................................. 4 9
............................................................ 11 14
............................................... 15 82

.................................................................................. 89 41
................................................................................ 41 46
............................................................................... 46 58
........................................................................ 59 64
................................................................................. 65 01
.................................................................................... 72 77
( -) ...................... 78 104

............................................................................... 105 109
..................................................................... 110 131

............................................................................... 132 154
.............................................................................. 155 177

......................................................................... 178197

.................................................................................. 198 201

................................................................................ 202 204

............................................................... 205 224

................................................. 225 229

................................................................................... 230 233

.............................................................................. 234 249

250........................................................................................................................

3

.

1

.

2
.

.
.

3

.
.


4
.


5
) .

.1

6
.2
()
.3
.

. 7

.

.
8
.
.4 .3 .2 .1
.
.

9
.
.
. 11

4


.

11
. -
-
.

12

.
.
- 81
13
111 .
- .

.
14

.
15
211 6-5 31
.

) . )
16
:


-
.

17
.

. .
" .
.
18

.
19

21

. 21

5

.

3 -
22

.

) .

.
TO REPORT 23
REPORTARE
.
" "
" "
.
.

24


" " Dispatch
.
. 25
" " Package

" " clip ----
)

26
.

. .
27
6
.6 " " .1
.7 .2
28
.3 .8
.4 .9
.5 .11 .11
.1
29
.2

6
 .3
.4
..
.5

.
.

- 21 - - 3
- 31

734 .


1311
.

1381 31
.

1962
.
5 1385
.

32
.


33
.
.
34

35

.
.
- -

36
-

37

7
 38
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
39
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
.

41
.
.
. 1356
41






42



.


43
.

8
9


.

44
.

..
) .

.

.
45


.
. ) .

.


46

)


.

47

.
) .
-1 -2.
. -3 -2 -1
-3. -2. -1.
48


-2. -1
)

)
49
) "
.

10
 )




50


.
.
) .
4 )
)
) 51

. )
)
.
.

52

.
.
) .
.
.
. 53

.
) .
-1 -2 -3.
-4 -5.
-5. -6.

-1 -2. -3. -4.
54

.
-1- -2 -3. 4.
-2. -3. -4. -5. -1
-6.
) .
.
55

.

11
 .

) .


-
.

65




) .
) .

.

.
57


.
.
) .
-2. -1
-3. . -4-
-6. -5.
.
-1 -2. -3. 58
.
-5 . -4.
.
. -1 -2. -3.
) . .

- 6. -5. - -2. -3. -4 -.

. -7.
-3.. -4. -5. - -2.
-6. -7. -8. .
59
-4. -1 -2. -3.
-6. . -5
- ) .
) .

12
 .
.
. 60

. ) -

: - .
: .
61
: . .

: .
.

.
-
.
62

.
-
.
)

:
.
:
63
.

:
.
: . ) .

.


. 64


.
.
) .

13


14

. 65
.
) .
4 3
2 66

) .

67

)

68

) .


69

) . .

70

) .
)

71

) . .

72
.
) .

73
.
) .

74
) . .

75

) .
.

76
.
) .

15

77

) .


78

.
) .

79


) . .


80

) . .
.
6 7
3 4 81

) .

82


) .

2 6 1 7


83
1 3 1 6
) .
4 7

6 3
84
) .
2 1
3 85

) .
1 2
3 86

) .

3 2
1 87

) .

16
 12 1
11 13 88
) .
11 21
3 14 89

) .
.
.
02 90


) .
1 3
2 91

) .

92

)


93


) .


. 94

.
) .
511 981
280 5.175 02% 022 95

)
41.4 7.826
1277.7 96
81 % 032
) .
111 711

97
) . 02% 02

17
 25 9 52 86%
411 98

) .
951 95111
99
32% 016
) . 1.152
711111 43751
806222 06% 100
) . 4375
7511 333333.333
86% 62222 101
) . 75
28.571 22.4
" 12 01 102
) . 35
4811 13333.333
5% 1222 103
) . 1.3333333
17.5 15.6
57.14 0222 022 104
. .
) .
31 151
611 82 322 02 105

) .
1.333 1211
1611 12 3022 106
32
) .
9 8
32 00022 5322 107

) .
(KM)5511 6666 )KM
86 0222
(KM)6111 108
06
) .

)1874.4 )1973.3
)1983.3 109
8012 3 0
) .

)1611 )2561
)641 110
0122 1
) .
)1611 )2561
111
0122 6
)641

18
 ) .
)1611 )2561
112
0122 0
) . )641
-31111 -45111
5 -75111 8 002222 0 0 113
3 6 1
-121111

)2511Af )2611Afg
1 8522 114
)2711Afg 83
) .
)2111 Afg )1981Afg
00222 8022
)2111 Afg 115
02222
) .

)1511Kg
0222 862
)1711Kg 116
802 )0
)1611Kg
) .
)211 )1211
)1311 02222 5 5% 117

) .
)1611 )1311
0
)1511 118
5 " 80622
) .

)81 )91
12 02
)75 119
822
) .

1.15 1.5
1.17 120
352 0.0
) .
)1.15 )1.116
)1.115 121
320
) .
)451Afg )4511Afg
)4611Afg 0 6 122
3522
) .
31 26 0 6 80 123

19
 28
) .
3/2 2/3
1/4 124
85 50
) .
)375111 )37511
)38111 125
86 062222
) .
)611111 )61111
)591111 6 % 32222 126

) .
)11.9 )12
01
)12.3 128
80
) .

)337.5 )338.5
)327.5 129
002 0 6
) .
)33 )31
)31 3 6 130
81
) .

)2143.3 )2133.3
131
)2133.1 3 0 8522
) .
)121 )122
)121 5 6 822 132

) .
)1.51 )1.6
)1.5 133
622 8
) .
)31.7 )31.6
)32.6 082 6 134
8332
) .
)7 )6
)5 6 80 135
82
) .
)1.21 )1.3 136
86 16

20
 )1.2
) .
)22 )21
)21.5 0 0 00 137

)
)45 )46
)47 86 52 812 138

) .
)76 )85
02 32
)75 139

) .

)11.5 )12
)13 0 3 1 140

) .
16 21
35 141
02 % 12
) .
)22.25 )21.35
)21.25 142
06 % 16
) .
911 311
143
32 % 02
) .
)17511 )18511
)18111 144
0.6 % 062
) .

)16.6 )16.5
145
)15.9 02 86
) .
2 % %5
% 3 146
35 8122
) .
)371.429 )371.428
)372.428 147
02 % 052
) .
)6.25 % )5.25 % 148
06 022

21
 )6.35 %
) .
)1751Afg )1841 Afg
)1841 Afg 0222 1 % 149

) .
)14.9% )15%
)16 % 3222 0662 150

) .
)825 Afg )725.9 Afg
)835 Afg 82 % 062 151

) .
)3791 Afg )3679Afg
)3681 Afg 0222 1% 152

) .
)9.9% )11 %
)11.5 % 0222 5322 153

) .
)7 % )7.5 %
06222
)8% 154
03062
) .

)2.9 % )2.5 %
3222
)3.5 % 155
0106
) .

)5111Afg )4911Afg
6222
)4891Afg 156
0 %
) .

)5 % )4 %
1222
)6 % 157
0522
) .

)5564.9Afg )5559Afg
6032 3 % 158
) . )5558.1Afg
.
. .
159

.
) .
.
160

. .

22
 .
) .
317211 384111
)8222222
76811 161
)622222 .
) .

317211 384111
)8222222
76811 162
)622222 .
) .

317211 384111 )8222222

76811 )622222 . 163

) .
.

. 164

.
) .
.

. 165

.
) .
.
.
166

) .
) .
.
.
167

) .
) .

.
168

.
. ) .

.
169

23


.
)

.


170


.

)


.


. 171



.

) .
.
.
. 172


) .

.
. 173

.
) .
61%.
71%.
174

25%.
51%.

24
 ) .


.

. 175



.
)

.

. 176


.
) .
.

.
177

.

. ) .

178

) .


179
.
) .

.

. 180


.
) .
71 181

25
 .
.

. .

.
) .

182

) .

183

) .

.
.
184
.

) .
4 3
185

) . 2
.
. 186

. . ) .

.
187
.
. . ) .
.
.
188

.
. ) .
)41 )42
189

) . )264

. 190

.

26
 .
) .




. 191



.
. ) .




192

.

.
. ) .




.
193

.
.
)

27


28



.

194


.
.

) .



.

195


.
.

) .

.




196



.
.
) .

.
197
.
.

29
 ) .





198
.

.
.
) .





199


.
.
) .

200

) .


201

) .

202




. ) .

30
 .
.
. 203


) .

204

) .

205

) .

206
.
) .

207

) .

208

) .

209

) .

210

) .

211

) .

212

) .

213

) .

31

214

) .

.

.
215




) .


.
216

)
. .
) .
.

. 217


. . ) .


218

) .

219

) .
.
. 220

) .



221
.
.

32




.


).

)
222


).
)

) . .

/
223

) .


.


. / 224




. ) .

225
.
) .

226

) .

33
 15 16
227

) . 17
.
.
. 228

.
) .

229

) .
.



. 230


.

) .

.
231


.
) .

232
) .

.

.
233


) .
. ) .
/ 234

34


. ) .

.


. 235
/

)
.
).
. ) .
)21 -11 )11-9
5 1 236

) .
)15
15 237

) .
)21
238
15 )
.
.
239

.
. ) .




240
.

.
) .
241

35


.
......
. ) .

.
. 242

. . ) .

.
. 243


. . ) .


244
.
. ) .

.
245
.
. ) .
.

246
/
. ) .
.
. 247

. ) .
.
.
248

.
. ) .
.
249

.

36
 ) .

250

) .



251


)

252

) . .

12 16
253

) . 15

9 6
254

) .

9 6
255
) .
9 6
256

) .

257

) .


/ 258

. ) .
3 2
259

) . 4
.
. 260

) .
2 3
261
) . 5
.
. 262
.

37
 . ) .
.
.
. 263

.
) .



264

)

. ) .
.
. 265

. ) .

)
2 3 266

) . 4


.
)
267
.
.

. . ) .
.
.

. 268
. ) .

.
.
269

.
) .

270

38


. )


271
.
) .


.
272

.
) .
.
. 273
. . ) .

. 274
. ) .
.
. . 275
) .


276

. ) .

39


40

277
8
.

278
0
.
. 279
3

280
0
.
. 281
6
. 282
1
. 283
0
. 284
82

285
88
.

286
83
//
. 287
8 0
. 288
86
. 289
8-
. 290
0-
. 291
3
. 292
0-
. 293
0
. 294
1
. 295
0-
. 296
82-
. 297
88 -

298
80-
299
83-

41
 300
86
) 301
85-
- - ) 302
80-
303
02-
304
00 -
305
03 -
306
01-
307
33-
308
36-
- - 309
35-
310
31-
311
30-
312
02-
313
08-
314
58-
315
50-
316
53-
317
50-
318
56-
319
55-
320
50-
321
51-
322
02-
323
08-

42
 324
06-
325
05-
326
00-
327
00-
328
12-
329
02-
330
08-
331
85-
332
80-
333
81-
334
02-
335
08-
336
00-
337
03
338
02-
339
03-
340
00-
93-92-91
341
00 -

342
0-
343
1-
344

345
)0
)3 346

)11 347
)85

43
 348
)85
349
)82
)12 350

351
)85
352
)02
353
)00
)25 354

)27 )29 355
)00 )00
)38 356

)41 357

)41 )08 358

359
)02
)22 360

- -
361

-
)3 )2 )3 ) 00 362


363

44


45

364

-1 -2.
-3.
365
-4 .


366


367


368



369

370


371

372



373


300
.

376


375


370

46
 .

371
.

370
.

312


388
.

380


383




380

.
.


386




385
.

380

381
.

47
 .

.
-4. -1 -2. -3. 380

) -5. -6.



. 302



)3111
)511111 )
398
) .

)3111
) .
-1.

. 390
-2

- -2. -3.
-4. . 393
-5.
-1
)21 )91
-2.
390
-3
-4.
. .

.
- 396


. . 395

48
 -1 -2. -3.

.

.

" 390


. .
.1
.2
.3

391

.4
.
. .5

.
390

.



022

.
.


-
-3. 400

-4. .

.
401
.
402

49

.

-1. -2.
-3.
)58 403
-4.
-5.
.

404
.

-1 .
-2 . 405
-3 .
-4



406

.

407



408

409

410
.
.
)20 000000
411

)1 00 000 000 412

50


)20 000 000

413

)40 000 000

414

)2 00 000000 .
415

)40 000 000

416

417

.

-3 -2 -1
- )
418

-5 -6 -4
-8 -9 -7

.
- !
419


.

- !
420


.
- !
. 421
.

-
422
.

51

423
.

-
424

425
.




426

427

)
.

428

429

430
.

.

431

52

8.
.


432

.






.8 .
.
433
.0
0

.3.
.

434


435

)
436


. 437


438

.
439

53

440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

450

451

452

.
453
)


454


455
.

54

.
456

.
01
457

-8
. -0.
-3.

458

-0.
.
-6 .


459




460


01
)80
461

.

462
.

-8


)3 05
-0 463

55
 -3 .
01

464


52
465

)(Inco terms

466

467



468

. 469

470
.

471
.

472

473

.

.
474
) )



475


) 476

56




477




478

-
) 479
-
-


480

.

481

-8.
-0.
482
-3.



. 483




484

57


58
 )CPU

file file save,save as
484
save ) .

),save as .

. 485

) (Rows
) )Columns Tables 486
.
)) Column .
Field
Mr/Mrs -
First name -
Last name -
Address - Field 487
City -
State -
Postal code -
Phone number -
.

.

. 488


.
paste
paste special paste paste special
489

cell
.

59
 01 0222 xp
490
.

491
.

492
input pest.
6 .
Banner -8
Menu -0
structure 493
Alert area -3
Main Document -0
Down Menu -6
mouse key board
CPU CPU
out put 494
monitor
out put .
W---World-
W----Wide- www

W---Website-
495
Inter--- International-

Net--- Network-
)

. 496
.
.

497
-0 Software -8 Hardware
Software
.
498
.

OPSPrinter -Monitor -C.P.U -Mouse -Keyboard ) Hard Ware

499
Scanner

. Input Devices 500
- -

60
 )CPU
VGA
501
. .

Out of frequency VGA .

RAM 502
)
CD .
. CD .
503
CD
Device Manager Run .
user admin
user administrator user
. admin user administrator
504



.
)Hard disk drive HDD
) Floppy disk drive FDD
) Compact disk drive CDD 505
) Digital video disk DVD
(Flash memory FM
Operating System

506
Applying System
.
507

RAm Random access memory

ROM . Read Only Memory RAM ROM 508
.
)Hardware Device
External Devices Internal
Main board 509
Devices .
.

61
 Circuit
System board
Main board
Main board 510
Logical board
Mother board
Planner board
CPU
LAN Card Sound Card VGA Card
CPU Power Supply
Wireless Card ). 511
.

. CPU
DD Ram SD Ram .DDR2 RAM card
512
4MB 5GB.

BUS 513
. ) MHZ(Mega Hertz

IDE ID Port 514
.
.
.
Hard disk 515

.

820 820 02 Simple keyboard -
830 821 Multimedia keyboard -

keyboard
)(f12 f1 Function key ) - 516

)9 0 Numeric key ) -
)Z A z a Standard key ) -
lock, caps, enter, Control key ) -
)shift
) Hard disk drive HDD
) Floppy disk drive FDD
517
) Compact disk drive CDD
) Flash memory SSD . ) Digital video disk DVD

62
 ) Random access memory RAM
RAM 518
.


Mouse - Hardware .
519
Keyboard -
Monitor -
Printer -
CPU -
)High .Frequency

520

.
.

521
.


-8
. 522
-0
-3
NGT.SR. - 400 - .

NGT.AR - 25 - . 523
.
NGT.VR 15 - .
LSB. USB .
. 524
.

63


64

525
.

526
.


527

.
-8 0

528

.

.
529

.


530
-0
.

.
531
---
.
8
-0
.
532
-3


50 )
02-62 533

.

65

534
.

535
.

536

. 537
.

538

.

%82 . 539
.

)01

540

.


541

.



542


.

.
543

.

544
.


545

66
 .
546

547
.

548
.

.8
549
.0
.3

550
.
6 . 551

)02 . 552

)822 . 553

6 . 554

62 8 . 02
0.6 555
= 20*2.5/1=50
)0222 . 556

02 . 557

. 558

559
.

560
.

561
62 02 .

562
.
30 .
563

67

564
.
)
565
.

566
.

.8
.0
.3
567

.0
.

.
568

.

.

569


.. .

570
.

571


572
.


573
.

68


. 574

) .


..
..

.. 575
.
.


.


.

)30 576

)0 )13 8310/1/81

.

577
.

578
.

579
.

580
.


581
.

69

582

.

583
) .

70


71

584
.
82 . 585

8 .
586
. 0
3 .

587
.
.
588
.

589
.

590
.

591
.

592
.

593
.

594
.

595
.

596
.

597
.
68
598
.

72
 8
.
- 0
.
3
0

599
6

-5
. -0
-1
-0
.
8 .
-0 .
600

-3 .
-0 .
8
.
-0 601

. -3 .
8
- 0
01
.
3
602
0 )

.
-6 )
.


603

.

73

. .8
06. .0
.3
.

604
.

605
.
. 606

32 . 607

8 -0
-3.

.
-0 .
-6 .
-5
. 608
-0 .
-1
.
-0 .
-82 .
-88 .

8 .
-0 . 609
-3 .
8 )31

.
610
-0 )
-3 .
-0 .

74
 - 8
.
611
-0

-3 .

8 -0. .
612
-3 -0 . .
8
.
-0 .
-3 .
-0

-6 08 ) .
-5 .

-0 62 613

06 ) )
806 ) .
1 .
-0
0622)
.
022) -82
822)
. 614

022

822 616

.

617
.

618
.

619
.
620

75
 .

621
.

622
.

623
. .
. 624

625
.

626
.
"
Declaration 627
.

628
.

629
.

630


631
.

632
.
. 633

634
.

76


77
 . -8
-0 . 635
-3 .
636

-8 .

-0 .
-3 . 637
- .
-8 .
. -0
0.6 . 638

022 022= ) 8:8.6:3 022

M 358 800 502 639
5510/551 5520/ 673 .
2 122 246 602 2 122 246
640
81%.
"
.
" .

641
8:8222 8:822
. 8:822 8:8222
82
.

02 CRR CRR
642
82
.
01 " 02% 02%
. 05/ g 100 01 643

= 05/ g1000 0

78
 01= 822+ 2.1) 05/ g 180 = )1000 01

644

L=4m

-8 .
-0 ) 646
-3 .
.
-8 647

0622 .

)
- 648

-
-

-8 -0 -3

649
-8. CP 5 1

-0. .
-3 .


650

6 ) 0

79
 .
-1 . 651

-2 .
-3 .

) 652


.

) 653

.
.

654
)
.

(250x250)mm
(12-40)mm 3% .
655
Fa
.100 3% - Fa
F
- .
5cm
2.5cm
656
) 3cm
40cm



02mmd 20mm
657

02mm < d 30mm 25mm
d > 32mm 30m .
658
) 15mm . ) .
D = 10 mm => R = 5 mm , ct = 7850 kg /m3
Wkg/1m = R2 ct 10mm
= (5mm)2 7850 = 3,14 (5/1000 m)2 7850
659

= 0,616 kg /1m

4,2.28
V1 4,2.28% 1,18m3
100

3m 2m 0,35m


660
V = 4m 3m 0,35m = 4,2m3 : 60 / 140
20 5 : 1 (23x11x6) cm

%28 )

V2 = 4,2m3 1,18m3 = 3,02m3

80
 3
V3 = 0,23m 0,11m
0,06m = 0,0015m

V2 3,02m 3
2013 5%
V3 0,0015m 3
.

No of breaks = 2013 + 5% = 2013 + = 2114

Chalk 178 kg
Cement 60 kg
Sand 1m3

V= 1,18m3
Cement = 1, 18m3 60 kg / m3 50kg = 1,5bag
Chalk = 1,18m3 178 kg / m3 = 210kg
Sand = 1,18m3 1 = 1,18m3

V2 = 20m3 5,6m3 = 14,4m3

= = 9600
20m3
V1 = 5,6m3
1 : 6 661
6 1

Cement = (5,6 (1+6)) 1500kg/m3 ) = )
(23x11x6) cm
.1200 kg 50 kg = 24 bag
Sand = (5,6 / 7) 6 = 4,8m3

V:
V = 10 5 0,8 = 40m3

V1 = 40 30% = 40 30/100 = 12m3

V2 = V V1 = 40m3
12m3 = 28 m3
0,8m
%21
10m 5m 5:3:8
V2 + 20% = 28m3 + = 33,6m3 662
)

)Cement = (V1/mark) 1V(kg/m3) = 12 (1+3+6
1500 kg/m3 = 1800kg 50kg = 36bag. %32 .
1 3
6
Sand = (12 / 10) 3 = 3,6m3 = 3,6m3
2000kg/m3 = 7200kg
Gravel = (12 / 10) 6 = 7,2m3 = 7,2m3 2300
kg/m3 = 16560kg
V con (3x5)m
V con = 5m 3m 0,1m = 1,5m3
10cm
) 663

1,52
Concrete Mark ; 1: 2 : 4
V = 1,5m3 1,52 = 2,28m3
Cement = 2,28 / (1+2+4) 1 1500 kg/m3 = 400kg

81
 50kg = 8bag
Sand = 2,28 / (1+2+4) 2 = 0,65m3
Gravel = 2,28 / (1+2+4) 4 = 1,3m3

%31 %28

V1 = 12 2,4 1 = 28,8 m3
V2 = 12 1,55 1 = 18,6 m3
V3 = 12 1,3 0,5 = 7,8 m3
V4 = 12 0,8 0,8 = 7,68 V5 = 12 0,6 1,5 = 5,4 m3

= V = V1+V2+V3+V4+V5 = 28,8+18,6+7,8+7,68+5,4
68,28 m3
VMarter = V 30 % = 68,28 30% = 20,48 m3
Vstone = V VMorter = 68,28 m3 20,48 m3 = 47,79
m3 12m
664
%5 )(1 : 5

Vstone = Vstone + 5% = 47,79 m3 + 5% = 50 m3

VCement = Vmorter / Mark v
= 1500 1 ) =
= 5120kg 50 kg = 102 bag
VSand = Vmorter / Mark )
5 = 17 m3 =

m3
kg



=2400 kg / m3 v
VGader = 0,1 m 0,12 m 4 m = 0,048 m3 665
WightGader = 0,048 m3 2400 kg / m3 = 115,2 kg

= n1 d12
20 mm
n2 d22
18 mm 666
n1, n2 d1,d2
n1/n2 = d12/d22 => 4/x =182/202 => n2 = x = 5 .

= V1 = 1m1m1m

V1 = 1,5m1m1m = 1,5m3

V3 = 2m1m1m = 2m3
P1 = V1 =1m3 2600 kg/m3 = 2600 kg
P2 = V2 = 1,5 m3 2600 kg/m3 = 3900 kg
P3 = V3 = 2m3 2600 kg/m3 = 5200 kg 667
= Stabelery Moment
M1 = P1= P1 1,5m = 2600 1,5 = 3900kgm
M2 = P2 1,25m =3900 1,25 = 4875kgm
M3 = P3 1m = 5200 1 = 5200 kgm

M = M1 +M2 + M3 = 13975 kgm

= vertical Force = P = P1 + P2 + P3

82
 11700 kg

= = SF for over turning

> 1,6

> 1,6 => 1,194< 16

) )2m

PH = 0,5 h2 R

Ra Ra= 0,222
PH = 0,5 1800 32 0,222 = 1798,2 kg
Moment Over Turning = PH = PH h = 1798,2
>= 3 = 1798,2 kgm
M = 1798,2 kgm

=> 1798,2 /1798,2 > 1,4
=> 1 < 1,4

4m
]a = Lx / 40 , [Cm
668
a = Lx / 40 = 400 / 40 = 10 Cm
10 Cm
6 6
n 669
k

A = d2/4 = 3.14 12/4 = 0.785 inch2
d = No/8 = 14/8 = 1.75
A = d2/4 = 3,14 (1.75)2/4 = 2.404 inch2
1 80 82
d = No/8 = 10 / 8 = 1.25 inch 670
85
A = d2 /4 = 3.14 (1.25)2/4 = 1.226 inch2

d = No/8 = 16/8 = 2 inch

A = d2/4 = 3.14 22/4 = 3.14 inch2

Pipe.
671
A = P V C Pipe
B = G I

83

1 one way slab -


.
L/w 2 672
- 2 two way slab -

.
L/w < 2
- 3 Contilever -
.
, 673
.

674
.


. . 675

,
) .

676

)
) Beam - . 677

)Slab - 678
.

679
.


680





681
- .


)0.3-0.5 )H 682

.

- I - T
- . 683


T I
.
AASHTO
. 684
.

84


.1
685
-

-

.


. 15-11
. .
686



.

STEEL

687

.
. .
.
. .


688


.

) 689


.

.
. 690

.
.

.
. 691

.
.


692

- - -
- -
28
6x12 inch 15x 30 cm 693

. 28
%111 28

85
 20000psi 10000psi 2500 psi

(3000-7000)psi

)5000-6000) psi

)9000-10000)psi



.
694


%51
-25
51
90-155 lb/ft2 8-5-1
ACI
'Ec=Wc1.5. 33 fc
-Ec PSI
Wc pound/ft3
'-Fc 28 PSI 695
145 lp/ft3 ACI

'Ec=57.00fc
SI
Ec=Wc1.5 0.043fc
(1500-2500)Kg/m3 fc N/m2 MPa







696




.


.



697




.


698



%75

86



.
)15-8 %

699


.

700


-1 Dead Load
-2 Live Load
-3 Environmevito Load




floor celligs farms walls
701
stair wags roof Dead Load











702
Live Load





.
cover


cover
703

ACI
1 1/2 inch
3inch
2inch .

704
11 stirrups
3/8 inch

87
 11
1/2 inch
90 2d



tow way

one way
705




12inch

h slab = L/20

.1

.2 706

.3
.4

707

.


Slab--------------- 0.03 L 165mm 0.027 L 165 mm

-1 )30-35) %

) 1: (5-7
708

-2 (20 -25)%
) )1:5-6

709

88
 MA=0
RB*6-6*4-4*2=0
RB=32/6=5.33T
MB=0
RA*6-4*4-6*2=0
RA=28/6=4.67T
FX=0
HA=0
FY=0
RA+RB-4-6=0
4.67+5.33-10=0
0=0

F(x)=0=>N1+HA=0=>N1=HA
F(y)=Q1-RA=0=>Q1=RA=4.67T
M01=0 M1-RA*X1=0=>M1=RA*X1 M1=4.67*X1
X1=0 => MA=4.76*0=0
X1=2=> MA=4.67*2=9.34T*M

F(x)=0=>N2+HA=0=>N2=-HA
F(y)=0=>Q2+H-RA=0=>Q2=RA-H=4.67-4=0.67T
M02=0
+X2)=0
M2=RA(2+X2)-4*X2
M2=4.67(2+X2)-4*X2
X2=0 =>M2=4.67*2+4.67*0=9.34TM
X2=2 =>M2=4.67*2+4.67*2=10.68TM
F(x)=0=>N3 =0
F(y)=0=>Q3+RB=0=>Q3=-RB=5.33T
M03=0=>M3=RB*X3=5.33*X3

X=0 =>MB= 5,33*0=0

X=2 =>MD=5.33*2=10.66TM

89
 01 32mm
82
32 S= r2n=3.14(32/20)2 10=80.03
30mm
20 S= r2=3.14(20/20)2 =3.14 710
20mm
n = (3.14(1.6)2 x 10)/3.14=80.38/3.14=25.626 sheets
82 32mm X
62 20mm .
20mm

P=20T
5m

A B

10m
Ra=10T Rb=10T
0 0
+ +

10T

Ra Rb .
Ra.10-P.5=0Ra.10=P.5
Ra=P.5/10=20.5/10 T
Ma=0
P.5-Rb.10=0 Rb.10=P.5
Rb=20.5/10=10T
82
P=20 Ton 711

P=20T
5m

A B

10m
Ra=10T Rb=10T
0 0
+ +

10T

90
 q=1.5T/m
P=5T

A B
X= 5m
10m 2m

R

10m 712
A B

q=1.5T/m
P=5T

A B
X= 5m
10m 2m
Ra=10T Rb=10T

MDL=W. (L2/8) =1.44(82/8) =11.5 Tm

V=Q

8m 60 cm
713
Dead Load
60

A B 2.4 T/m2

800

91
 60
A B

800 Rb=5.76T
Ra=5.76T

2
ql /2=11.52T
+ +

5.76T +
5.76T

0.6m
9m
0.6m 3m
5 T/m3

9m
6m

0.6m 3m
5 T/m3
9m

E=5T
3m

714
X
0.60m
L
3m
6m

9m

E=5T
M=W.L
W=S.L=1/2(3+0.6)9=16.2m2
3m

2.5T/m3
Wc=W.=16.2x.2.5=40.5T/m
3m

92
 Y

0.6m
4.5m

S1

X1= L/2= 0.3m

9m

S2
4.5m

L/3= 3m

X2= 0.6+ 0.8= 1.4m L2= 0.8

X
0.60m 2.4m
3m

A=3/2 a23
a=d/2
A=3/2d2/43=3 d2/83=3.100/8.1.73=64.87m2

10m

715
d=10m

s
a

716
. 0.9m 0.8m 4m

93
 h=4m
d=0.8m

D=0.90m

V=/4(D2-d2) h

?=30

d
6m
=r
(b 717
300 6m

) A=1/360(.r2.

)1/360(3391.2) =9.42m2=A=1/360(3.14.62.30

) a=1/360(.d.

a=1/360(3.14.12.30) =3.14m

94
 0.6m

6m

6m
718
3m 0.6m 10m

V= B.H.L
V=1/2(3+0.6).6.10)=108m3
(30-35)%
108x0.35=37.80m3
M1=6.5x5-q.52/2=32.5-18.5=13.75 Tm
I-1 Q
FY=0
Q1+q.X-Ra=0
Q1=Ra-q.X
X=0 Q1=6.5-q.0=6.5-0= 6.5T
X=5 Q1=6.5-1.5x5=6.5-7.5= -1T
X=10 Q1=6.5-1.5x10=6.5-15= -8.5 T

X=0
II-II M

q=1.5T/m 10 m P=5T
2m . 719
10 m P=5T 2m

A B
5m
10m X2

Ra=6.5T Rb=13.5T

0 X 10
M=0
M2=0 M2+q.10 (5+X20-Rb X2-Ra(10+X2)=0

95
 )M2=Rb, X2+Ra (10+X2)-q.10 (5+X2
M2=13.5.X2+6.5(10+X2)-1.5.10(5+X2
X=0
M2=13.5.0+6.5(10+0)-1.5.10(5+0)=65-75= -10Tm
X=1
= )M2=13.5.1+6.5(10+1)-1.5.10(5+1
= )=13.5.1+6.5(10+1)-1.5.10(5+1
=113.5+65+6.5-75-15=85-90= -5Tm

q=1.5T/m

P=5T

A B

10m 2m
Ra=6.5T Rb=13.5T
-10

-
0 -5 0

13.5

6.5T + +

-1 -
8.5

Surveying
721


.
722
. Vertical Line
-
Horizontal Line 723

.
724
) .
. . 725

1/m 726

.

727
0-3 a=2mm
.
728
.
d=D/M=1.2564/5=0.2512M D=125.64 729
d= 25.128cm 8/622

96
 D=d*m= 16.8*2000=336cm 8/0222 =d 730
16.8cm
m=d/D= 12.6/1260=126/1260000=1/10000 d=12.6 cm
731
D=1260m


732
Vertical Plane
.

733
Horizontal Plane
.

.1
1111111
734
.2
1111111 2111111
.3
1111111 1
735
.
.1 .
.2 . 736

.3

3 .


" "

737
.
.
,
.

.
. 738

.

739


.
- 11 32mm 82
32 S= r2n=3.14(32/20)2 10=80.038 30mm
20 S= r2=3.14(20/20)2 =3.14
740
20mm
n = (3.14(1.6)2 x 10)/3.14=80.38/3.14=25.626 sheets 82 32mm X
26 20mm 20mm
82
741
P=20 Ton

97
 P=20T
5m

A B

10m
Ra=10T Rb=10T
0 0
+ +

10T
Rb Ra
Mb=0
Ra=P.5/10=20.5/10 T
Ma=0
P.5-Rb.10=0 Rb.10=P.5
Rb=20.5/10=10T

P=20T
5m

A B

10m
Ra=10T Rb=10T
0 0
+ +

10T

98
 6m
0.6m

9m

E=5T
9m
0.6m 3m
3m

X
L
3m

0.60m
M=W.L
W=S.L=1/2(3+0.6)9=16.2m2 742
2.5T/m3
Wc=W.=16.2x.2.5=40.5
6m

9m
E=5T
3m

0.6m

3m
4.5m

S1

X1= L/2= 0.3m

9m

S2
4.5m

L/3= 3m

X2= 0.6+ 0.8= 1.4m L2= 0.8

X
0.60m 2.4m
3m

2.5T/m3
S1=0.6x9=54m2
L=3-X
X1=L/2=0.6/2=0.3m
Y1=H/2=9/2=4.5m
X=(S1.X1+S2.X2)/(S1+S2)=(.4.0.3+10.8.1.4)/5
.4+10.8)=1.62+15.12)/16.2=1.033m

99
 L=3-X=3-1.033=1.966m
M=W.L=40.5x1.966=79.65Tm

M0= E.3=3.3=15Tm
79.65Tm5Tm
79.65Tm5Tm



743
.



. 744
.

.
745
.


746


.

. 747

.
. 748
.
Dead Load.
Live load.
, Impact of feet.
, Centrifugal Force. 749
.
Klind load.
Longitodinal force.
Stream flow.
. Earth quack force
. Torsion 750

.

. 751
.
.
.
-1
- 2
752
.
-3 .

753
)G.P.S
.


sub grad .1
.2
754
sub base .
base .3
surface (wearing ) course .4
.
755
.
.

100
 = 1+4=5
1.3 Total wall capacity ==1.5 x 10x2
30m3
5= 0.26
82 8.6 0
0,26x1x1200 = 312Kg/m3 8:0 756
0.26x4=1.04 m3/m3
30% of 30m3=9m3=2808Kg 50=56.16 .
= 9x312
9x1.04=9.36 m3
30-9=21m3
Losangless machine 757

. 758
8:0:0
.
759
. .

Joint 760
. .
761
M/sec 18/1.4 . .

M/sec 18/1.4 .


762

)111 )211


.
.
.
.
. 763
.
.
.
.
Tortion 764
. .
28 765
. .

766
- - - -
- . .
.Solid slab. . Simple.girder
767
. Continous Girder . balanced .contilever R.C.C
Rigid Fram
. 768
.
769
.

101
 .
.
.
.
.


-1 .
-2
-3
. 770
o " .
.
-1 )
-2 )
-3 )

-1
-2
-3 771


-4
.
-1 .
-2
772
.
-3
.

-1

-2
773
.


-3
-4


-2 774

-3
-4 .

.
775
-1 )(single fixe- price

-2 )( a unit price
-3 ) ( cost plus a fee

-1
-2
776
-3 .

- .
-1 .
-2 .
2.5 . 777

102
 211 31.5211= ) 1
022 778
M 361 177 641

5510/551 5520/ 673 .
2 122 245 571 779
18% 2 122 246

.
.

" 780

1111111 1 1
111 1 1111 1 .
11
.

781
21
CRR CRR
11 .
.

782

2511
.

-
)
-
. 783

- .
-

103


104

784


785

786

m-12 m-16 m-27 m-29B- ) 787
27 B-20 . )
788
AFMIS M-21 . .
789
.

790


791

. 792
.

793
.
.
.
-1 - 794
-2 -
-3 -
.
-8 -
-0 - 795

-3 -
-0 -
-6 - .
796
.
797
.
M-38
798
M-80 M-38, M-80
.
799


800



M-91
M-08 M-02 M-83 801
.

M-91 .

105
 M-13 .
.


802

803
. )

.
. 804
)0
)11 805
)85
)7 806
)85
807
)82
)12 808

809
)85
810
)02
811
)00
)25 812


813

.
)38 814

)41 815

)41 )08 816

817
)02
)22 818


819

.

.
820



821
.

106
 822
. 8
823
0
. 824
3
825
. 0
. 826
6
. 827
1
. 828
0
829
. 82
830
. 88
831
. 83
832
8-
. 833
0-
. 834
3
. 835
0-
. . . 836
. 0
. 837
. 1
. . 838
0-
. 839
. 82-
. 840
. 88 -
841
80-
. 842
83-
843
86
844
85-
845
02

107
 846
00 -
847
03 -
848
01-
849
33-
850
36-
851
31-
852
02-
853
08-
854
02-
855
08-
856
12-
857
02-
858
08-
859
85-
860
80-
861
02-
862
08-
863
00-
864
03
865
02-
866
03-
867
00-
93-92-91 868
00 -
869
0-

108


109

870
,
.
, , , 871
,
872

, 873
.
, , 874
.
, 875

876
.
, , 877
, , .
. 23
1 879
03
-2
-3
24 880
. 00
21 881
. 02
882
, .

883
. .
-2 -1

884
, ,

885
. .
. 886
82
887

.

888
( )
.
889

.
890
.

110
 891
.
892
.

893


. 894

-1
-2
-3
-4 895


.


896
.
-1 -2 . 897


898


.
899
.
=1 = -2 -3- ) 900
-4=.
-5=. .

901
.

.

902


.
)5
903
.
.
) Leon Say .


904
.
.
)
) .


.
905


.

111
 .








906
.


.


.
2222


.


.
.
-14 - ) .
-
907



)
.
.

.

.

. 908

.a
.
1/12 .b




.
909
.
.
.


.


. 910



.

112



) Bougette
.
1733 911
1814

.


.
.




==
912
.
==
.
== .
==


.
==
.

.
. 913
"
.


1315

.

1789 .


)1747-1773 914


1298
.
1299

.
1338
)P.I.S .


915
) Budget
.
" "

113


916
) Budget Year
. 917
) Current Year
. 918
)Previous Year
919
. -80 )Current Level Activity
920
) Betterment Program
921
) . ) Operating Expenditures
) Development Expenditures 922
) .

) Fund 923
.
) Operating Fund
.
- 924
) . ) General Fund
. 925
)Development Fund

) Proposed Adopted Budget 926

) .

927
) Approved Budget
.
. 928
) Present Budget
929
. ) Operating Budget
930
. ) Development Budget
) )Allocation 931

.

932
) Obligations Incurred

.
. 933
) liquidated Obligations
- - Total Amount 934
. ) Currently Approved Budget
935
) . ) Appropriate Lomenta
936
) Allotment

114
 .

937
) Sub Allotment
.

) Allotted Appropriation 938


.
) Unalloted Appropriation 939
.

) Obligated Allotment 940


.
941
. ) Unobligated Allotment

. 942
) Transfer

.

. ) 943
) Classification Of Receipts
.
.

. - ) Classification of Expenditures 944
)
.
.


945
) Budget Colander

.
) Budget Department 946

.

947
) Agency
.
.

) Secondary Unit 948
.
.


949
) Tertiary Unit


950
. ) Agency Budget Office

. 951
) Agency Budget Officer

115
 .

952
. )Function
953
. ) Activity

954
) Work unit
.

955
)Coordination
.
. 956
)Program

.
957
)Planning

.

958
)Work programming
.

)Program Review 959

.
960
. ) Administration
961
. ) Procedure
. 962
) Project
" " 963
. ) Fiscal Period
1814 964
.
965
.

966

)
967
)

968
.
.1
.2 .

969

116
 . 970

4 971
) .


. 972



.

973


.

. 974

.
.
4
975
/ /
.
.
1 ) 976

1
1

977
.

.
978
.
/ / 979
.
)

980




critical
)path method 981

. project evaluation and
)review technique

982

.
4 .
983
- . .
. .
3 .
. 984

.
.
. 985
.

117
 .
.
.

.
986
.

987



988
.
989
.
. 990


991




992


.

993

.

994

.
. 995

996
.
. 997

998

) . 999


1000

.
1001
.
. 1002

. 1003

. 1004

1005
.

118

1006


.

1007

.

)

1008
)

)
.


1009


.
1010
.
1011


1012


.
. 1013

. 1014

.

.



1015





.

.
1016
.
1017
.
. 1018

1019
.

119

. 1020


.

1021


.
1022
.

1023




1024

.

1025


.

1026


.


1027





.


.
1028





.
. 1029

. 1030

1814 1714
1031
1836 1774
)

1032

)

1033

) .

120


1034


.
)

1035

)

1036

) .

1037



) .

. .
1038

..
) .


1039


) .


1040


) .
5 2
1041
4 7

)


1042


) .




1043



.

)


1044

121

.

)

.
1045
.
.
) .

.
1046
.
.
) .

. .

.
. 1047


.
.
.
) .

. .

.
. 1048


.
.
.
) .
4 5
1049
2 3
)
/ /
.
/ /
1050
.
/
.
)
4 2
5 3 1051

)
)


1052

/ /
.
) .

122

.


1053




) .

1054

)

.


1055




) .
/ /
.

1056


/
.
) .

)
1057


) .



1058
.


)
critical
)path method
project evaluation and 1059

)review technique

)
3 2
1060
5 4
) .

.
1061

critical path
)method
project evaluation and review

123
 )technique
) .
3 2 1062
) 7 4
. .
.
1063
.

)
3 2
1064
7 4

)
.
.
1065
.

)
.
.
.
1066

.

)
3 5
1067
6 7
)

1068

)

1069

)
1815 .
1813 .
1070
1913 .
1814 .
)

1071

)

.
.
1072




)

.
. 1073

124

)


1074


) .
1075
)
1773 1774
18431844 1076

19191921
19181919 )

1355


1254
.
1077

1265
.

1299
.
)

1078

)

1079

) .

1080


)
1081
) .
1082
) .
1083
) .

1084

) .
2 1 1085
4 ) 3

1086

) .

1087

)

125

1088

)
1089
) .
3 2 1090
) 4

1091

.
) .

1092

) .

1093

) .

1094


) .

1095

) .


1096


) .


1097


) .

1098


) .

.

.
1099

.

.
) .
4 3 1100
1 ) . 2

1101

) .

1102


. .

126
 )

1103

) .
1104
)

1105

.
) .

1106


) .

1107


) .
.
. 1108

.
. ) .
.
. 1109

.
. ) .

1110

)
.
,
. 1111

, ,

. )

1112


) .
.
,
.
1113

,

) .
1114
) .

.
1115

.

127
 ) .

( )
.

1116
.

.

.
) .


( )
.

1117
.

.

.
)

.

.
1118
.


.
) .

.

.
1119
.


.
) .

.

.
1120
.


.
) .
. 1121

128
 ) .

.

. 1122

.

.
. ) .


.

. 1123

.

.
. ) .
4 3 ) 1124
) . 5

) 1125

. ) .

1126

) .



.



.
1127
)5 .

.
) Leon Say .


.
)
) . ) .



. 1128




.

129
 )5

.
) Leon Say .


.
)
) . ) .

.



.
)5 1129
.

.
) Leon Say .


.
)
) .
) .


.


.



.
1130
)5

.
) Leon Say .


.
)
) .
) .

130


131

.

. 1131
251
.
.
)

.

. 1132


.

. ) .

.

. 1133


.

. ) .
.
.

.
1134
. .
.
.
.
) .

12 .

. 1135

12 .
12
. ) .
.
.
1136
.

.
)
8 11 1137
21 ) . 15
1138
) .
5111) 1
6222 1139
2 5

) .

132
 2
11 2
6228 80622 1140
2 )
.
5 2
) .
211 11
151 21
80628 822222 1141
251 15

151 11
) .
9811 21
8911 21
822228 1142
811 15

7511 11
) .

.

.
. 1143

.

.
)

.


. 1144

.

.
) .
....

1145
.
. .

. )

.


.
1146


.


. ) .
.

. 1147
.
.

.

133
 ) .

.
.

. 1148



.
) .


.


1149


.

.
) .

.

.

1150


.

.
) .

.

.

1151



.

.
) .
.


1152



.
) .

1153



. .
1154


. .

134
 . .

. .
) .


.

. 1155

.

.
) .

.

1156
.
.
.
)

.

.
1157

.


.
) .

.

.
1158


.

.
) .
.


)
. 1159


.
.
)

.
1160

.

.

135

. ) .


.
1161


.
.
. ) .

.


1162
.


.
. ) .


.


.
1163


.


. .
) .
.

.
1164

.

.
) .

.


.... 1165



.

. ) .



.
1166

.


.

136
 . ) .

.
1167
.
.
. ) .
94 .
42 . 1168
64 . .
41 . ) .


.


. 1169


.


.
) .

.

.

1170
.

.

. .
.
) .

.

. 183
1171
.

.
.
) .
.
183
.
. 1172

.
.
)

1173
21 02
)

137


1174
32 )
21

)
11-
11- 1175

-
- ) .


1176



)
%15 %21
1177
%11 %25

) .
%2 %1
6222 1178
%21 %11

) .
%2 %1
6228 1179
%21 %11
80622
) .
%2 %1
80622 1180
%21 %11
82222
) .
%2 %1
822228 1181
%21 %11

) .
1182




1183

.
.
) .
3 2
1184
5 4
) .
%11
59
%3
59 1185
%5
58
%2.
) .
%5 %2
1186
%11
)
.
. 1187

%2
.

138
 )

.

.
1188


.

.
)


1189
.

)
2 3
1190
1
) .

. %2
%3
1191
.

.
)

.

. 1192

.
.
)
.
.
1193
.
.
)
.
.
1194
.
.
)
3 4 1195
5 ) 2
%6 %2
1196
% 7
)

.
1197

139
 )

1198


)
11
9 1199

8
5 )
9

.
.
8

.
. 1200

11

.
.
5

.
. )
3



1201
5



)



1202


.
)

.

.
1203


.

.
)

1204


.

140


.


.


.
)

.

. 1205

.

)

.

.
1206


.

.
)


1207
.


) .
4 3
1208
8 .
)

.

1209
.


)
2 3
1210
4
) .

1211

) .

.

. 1212


.
.
)

141

.

1213
.

.
. )

.

.
1214

.

.
)



1215
.


)

.

1216



) .

.



. 1217



. .


. )



1218

.


)
.

.
1219

.

) .
.
.
1220
.

. )

142

.

. 1221


.

)

.

1222
.

.
)

.

1223
.

.
)

.
1224


.
) .

.

.
1225

.

.
)

.


1226

.
.

)
.
.
1227
.

)
.

1228
. .

)

143
 .

1229
.

) .

.

.
1230


.

.
)
- .
.
1231
.

)

.

. 1232
251
.
.
)

.

.
1233

.

.
) .

.

.
1234

.

.
) .

.
.

1235
. .

.
.
) .
1236
12 .

144

.

12 .
12
.
) .
.
.
1237
.

.
)
8 11
1238
21 15

) .

1239


) .
5111) 1
6222 1240
2 5

) .
2
11
6228 80622 1241
)

5
) .
211 11
151 21
80628 822222 1242
251 15

151 11
) .
9811 21
8911 21
811 15 822228 1243
7511 11
) .

.

.
.
1244


.

. .

)

.

1245
.

.

145
 .
) .
....


. 1246
.
.

.
)

.


.

1247



.


.
) .

-1
. 183
.
.
1248
-2 183
.
-3
.
-4
.
1249
02
1250

1251


.
1252


.
5111 ).
5111 )%2 12511 1253

12511 111111 . %11
111111 % 21
%21 1254

1255
.

1256

.

146
 %5 %2 %11. 1257

%2. 1258



1259
.



- 1260
.

1261

. %2 .

%21 .
1262


%5%2 %11
.

1263

) %3
.
1264
.

- %2 1265

%3
.
1266
.
1267
.


1268
. -
. -
.
2% %7. 1269

.
.
.
. 1270

.
.

.
1271
.

1272

.

147
 .

1273

1274
.
1275
.

1276


.
1277
.
.
. - 1278
. -
. -

.
. - 1279

.

1280
.

.

1281
. -
. -
1282
.
1283
.

1284

.
1285
.
1286
.
.
1287


1288
.

1289
.

. 1290

148
 .

.
. 1291

1292
.
1293
.

1294
.

.
.
1295
.
.
.
1296
.

.



.
1297
.
.
.
.

. .

.
1298


1299
.
. 1300

- .
.
1301
. . .
. . .
.

.

1302





1303
.

149
 - 1304
.
1305
.
. .a
. .b
.c
. 1306
.d
.
.e
.
21111 1307
.

.
1308


.
.

1309
.

%11
. 82222 1310
822222


. 1311

.
. 1312

1313

1314
.


. 1315


.


. 1316



. .
.
. - 1317

. -
. -
.
. 1318

.
.

150
 .
.
.

. 1319
. 51 .
511 .
1320
.
1321
2180 151 .
. . 1322

1323
.
- -) ) = 1324
.
1325


1326
.


1327
.

. 1328

1329


1330


- . 1331

. 8313
.
1332
.

. 8313
1333



.
1334
.

.
.
1335


1336

151

1337


1338

%11 %2%21 1339

11 % 15 1340

) 1341
.
1342

. 1343

. %02 1344

. 1345

1346

1347

.
1348


. 16

-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4.
-5 .
-6 .
-7 . 1349

-8 .
- 9 .
-11.
-11 .
-12
-13
-14 .
-15 .
-16
1350
.
.
.
1351

.

.

152
 .
.

.
.
. 1352
.
. .
1353
. .
.
1354
.

1355
.
.
1356
.
1357
.
1358
) . .

1359

.

1360
27- 29-
.
- - 1361

1362

.
. 1363

1364
. .supervior
17129 Tin 1365

Tin Tin 1366

.
Oracle Frontend Backend 1367

8 1368

Tools 1369
.
5 1370

1371
generate
999999999

153
 24 1372

1373
. .
5 Tin 1374

1375
.
112 1376

154


155


1377


.

1378

.

1379

.

1380

.

1381

.
1382
.
. 1383




.
1384

.


.

)9 ) . 1385

1386
.
. 1387

1388
.
. 1389

. 1390

1391

.


1392

. )

156
 .

.
1393

) .
.

.
.
.
. 1394

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
1395
.
.
.
.
)21 1396
.
1397
.
1398
.
1399
.
1400
.

1401

.

1402

.
. 1403


1404

.

1405
.

1406

.
. 1407

157


1408



.
. 1409

. 1410

. 1411

) DRRA DDA 1412

1413

1414
.
. 1415


1416

.
. 1417


1418
.
)cif
. 1419

)VCIOVRI
1420

.
)ts0 cgg kcap 1421
.
)gckk ol koslcgg 1422
.
)mrsgacp lor5 1423
.
1424
.
1425
.
1426
.
)scrbsy wckk
1427


.
1428
.

158
 1429

1430
.
1431
.
) 1432
.
1433
.

1434


.
1435
.

1436

.

1437
.

.

1438


.
)IXE OC IX -EOCW
1439
IXE
)
.
)ARD OC ACII RDCCVIC

1440
)ARD

.
DEOCFDVAI DPVC ACII
)ADD OC
1441
)ADD


.
)AOg OC ACII OC gODCA
1442
)AOg
.
RAC OA RODm DCA
)ACIVFPm

1443
)RAC


.

1444
)VCDCCDCRI DCA ACIVFPm,RVA OC RODm )RVA

159
 . )

CPT OR CARRIAGE PAI

)TO

1445
)CPT
.
.

)CIP OR CARRIAGE INSURANCE AND PAID 1446
)CIP
)6 )
.
ADA OC AIEVIICIA Dm
)ACOCmVIC
1447
)ADA
)
.
)AID OC AIEVIICIA IX DPVC
1448
)AID
)
.

)AID OC AIEVIIICIA IX DCDD
1449
)AID


.

)AAC OC AIEVIICIA ACmD CCCDVA
1450
)AAC
.

.


)AAC OC AIEVIICIA ACmD CDVA

1451
)AAC



.

1452



1453

.
.
1454

.

1455


.

160
 )15

)31 2
.

.
)51111


.


.
1456



.




1457



)42
.

1458


.




1459

.

)3 )54
.
)5

.
1460
)31


.


.
1461




.

161

1462

.
1463
.
1464
.


1465
.

.

. . 1466


.
1467
.

.
1468



.

1469


.

.

. 1470

.

.

)
.
1471

.


.
1472
.

) 1473


.
1474
. .
.
1475
.
.

162
 . .



.

.

. 1476


.

1477

.

. 1478


.

. 1479

.
.

. 1480


.
) 5

1481
)111 .

%11
.

. 5

1482
5 )6

.

.
)6 )%1.25
)%1.5 )%1.5 )%2 1483

)%5
.


)48


)48
1484
.
.
)11


)31
)11%1

163
 .

)2 )3 )1
)1
1485
)1.11

.

1486

.
)2114 . 1487

21 )2115 1383/1/1
.
1488

-1

-2
.
. -3
. -4
. -5
. -6
. -7 1489
-8
.
. -9
. -11
-11
.
. -12
-13
.
1490
.
. 1491

1492
.

1493

.

. 1494

.
.
1495
.

.
.
. 1496


.

164
 . 1497

1498
.

. 1499


1500


1501


.

1502

.

1503

.
)m )50002 . 1504
m0

1505

.
)1 )

1506

.

.
.
1507

.
)1 )
.
)1
)12
.
1508
)1111 .
34

m1 5
.
1509
m8



.

165
 6
)1.1
.
)21
. 1510

7
2
.
)51 .
m1 m1


.
m1 m1
.
)1111
m1 1511

m2 m2


.
m 2 m2 .
m2
)5111 .
)
,
6
.
24
T1
. 1512
)

7
. 24

m2
.
pc

)3111 pc
. 1513
pc


p2

)7511 p2 .
p1


p8
1514



)3511
.

166

p2






)15111 p2
.
p1
p1
)1111
p1 .
p8 1515


p2
p2
)5111
p2 p2 .



.
24
p1 .

. 1516




24
p2 .

.

1517

)
p1
.
)2111
p1 .

p2

)11111
1518
p2

.

.
-
.
-

.

167
 p1
1519





m1
.
1520
T1T2


m2
.


%111 78 - 1521

)
)


15111 5111 1522


.

15111 1523

5111
.

1524

X-ray
.
)mVC
1525


.
1526
.
1527
.

1528



)
. )134
. 1529

.

.


48
1530




.
1531

168
 .


.

1532

.
31 31 1533
%1.11 .
1534
. DRRA
mV 1535
. mV
)27 . 1536

p1
1537


1538
.
ti
1539

.
)9
1540


.
1541
.

1542
-1
-2
1543
.
1544
.
1545
.
1546
.

- . 1547

- .
- .
1548
.
1549
.

.) cg0oc0i
1550
.
.
.

169

. 1551


.
. 1552


1553


.
RVA . 1554


) 1555


.

. -1
. -2
. -3
. -4 1556

. -5
. -6
. -7
. -8
. -9
1557
.

. 1558

. -
. -

1559

162 ......
1560
) .
1561
.


1562
.

.

.

1563

.

.
1564
.

170

1565

.
1566
.

1567

.

1568
)
.

1569

.

1570
.
93 .)2

1571

.
:


.

1572

.


.
. 1573

1574
.

1575

.
:
.

1576
).

.
:
.

. 1577
.

171


. 1578


1579

.
. 1580


1581

.

1582


.
.
. 1583

.
. . .
.
1584
.
1585
.

1586


.
)
). 1587


.

1588


1589
.
64 42 1590
) . 32
.
.
1591

.
) .

.

1592

.
.

) .

172

1593

) . .

1594

) . .

1595

) .

.

.
1596


.
.
) .
)9 .

.
1597


.
.
) .

1598
) .
.

. 1599


) .

1600

.
) .

1601
.
) .

1602

) .

1603

.
) .

.

1604
.
.

)
. 1605

173
 ) .
.
.
) .


.

1606

.


.
) .


.


.
1607


.


.
) .
.

) . 1608

.
.
) .

.
.
1609
. . .
.
.
) .
. .
.
1610
.
.
)
)21
.
)21
. 1611

)43
.

) .

1612
.

174
 .
.
) .

.
1613

.
.
) .

.
1614

.

. ) .


.
1615

.

.
) .


.
1616

.

.
) .

1617

) . .
.
. 1618

.
) .

.

1619
.
.

) .

1620

) . .

1621

) . .


1622


) .

175

.
.

.
1623

.
.
) .

1624

) .

1625

) . .
2 3
1626
5 7
) .

) DRRA DDA
1627

.
) .

) DRRA DDA

1628
.
) .

1629


)
.
.
1630
.

) .


.
1631

.

) .

.
1632
.
. ) .

.
1633

.

.

176
 . ) .

.

1634
.
.

) .
)VCIOVRI
1635

) . .

1636

.
) .

1637

.
) .
. .
1638
.
.
) .

1639

) . .

1640
) .

177


178

.
.

1641
.

.

)
.
.


. 1642

.

.

)

1643


)


1644
.

)

.


1645

. .


.
) .



. .

1646

.

.
.
.
) .
.

. 1647

.
.
. ) .

179








1648



.



.
.
)

. . 1649

.
. ) .
.
.
1650
.


)
1651

. .
1652

. . )
. . .
) .

.
.
1653
.

.
. )

.

1654
.


.
)
.

.
1655

. .

) .

180


.
1656

.
.
) .
Measurable
Specific
1657
Assigned to

)
2 3
1658
4
)


1659


) .
.

1660

222

) .
.
.
1661


) .
.

1662

.
) .
.
.
1663
.


)


1664

.
.
) .
. . 1665
. ) .
. . 1666
. ) .


1667

.
)

181


1668


)

1669


)

1670


)
.
. 1671

)
)
24 26 1672
) . 25

1673

)
.
. 1674

.
) .
.
. 1675
.
. . )

.

. 1676



.
) .
.
. 1677
.
) .
.
1678
.

) .
.
. . 1679
. .
. ) .
.
. 1680

.
. ) .
.
. 1681

.
. ) .

182
 . .
. . 1682

.
)



.

1683
.

.

.
.
) .


.

Factors of Motivating 1684
.



.
. ) .

.
1685
.
.
. )

.
1686
.
.
. )

.
1687
.
.
. )


.
1688

.

.
. ) .
.
. 1689

. ) .

1690

) .

183

.
1691

.

) .
25 31 1692
51 45 ) .
1693
) .

.

. 1694



.
. ) .

.

. 1695



.
. ) .

.

. 1696



.
. ) .


1697
.
. )

.

.
1698


.

. ) .

1699

) .
34 36
1700
32 35
) .

184
 226 334
1701
276 364
) .

1702

) .

1703

) .
1704
) .

.

. 1705




. ) .


.

1706


.

) .



.
1707



.

) .
3 2 1708
) . 4 )

1709

) .

1710

) .
3 4 1711
) . 2


. 1712


.
)

185


.
1713

.

)




1714




) .




1715




) .

.
1716
.

.
.
.

1717

.

.
.

1718

.

1719

.

. 1720

.
.


1721

.
.
.
. 1722

.
.

186





. .
)

.
1723



.

.



.


. 1724

.
.
.
.
. 1725
.
.
.
1726
)

.
.
.
. 1727

.
.

1728
.

.
1729



.

.
.
.
1730

.

.

187

)

1731


)

)

.



.

1732




. .
)

.



.
.

1733



. .
)

.


.
- .
1734



.

.
.
1735
.


.

. 1736

. ..

188


.

1737
.

.

.

.
.
1738


.

.

1739
objective objective

SMART
Specific .
1740
Measurable .
Attainable .
time bound -Realistic

1741


.
1742

.

.
.
.
1743


.
.
.
. 1744

.
.
.
. 1745


.
.
. .
1746





1747


.

189
 .
.

1748
.



. 25 .


1749

.
.
.
.
.
. 1750

.
.
.
.

.
. 1751


.
.

1752
.


.
.
. 1753

.
.
.

1754

.
.
.
. 1755

.
.
.
. 1756
.
.

.
1757
.

.

190
 1758
.
.
. 1759
.
.
.
.
1760
.

.
.
)
.
.

1761


)

)
.
.
. 1762

.
.
.
. 1763

.
.

1764

.
.
.
1765


.
.
)
1766
.

. .

1767

)
.
-1
1768

.
-2
.
.
.
.
1769
.
.
.
.

191


1770
.

.

1771


) .

1772
)File
.
1773
.
.
.
) 1774





1775

.

.


.


Factors of Motivating
. 1776



.
.

.


.
.
. . 1777
. .
. .



1778
. Leader ship


.


1779
Oganizing

192


.

1780
Supervision

. .


1781




. 1782






.

.

1783


.
-

-

.
.
.
.

.


. 1784


.

.

.

.
.
1785
. .
. .
.
.
1786

.
.

193
 )

)
)
1787

)
)

)

1788

.

1789

.

.

. 1790




.

1791
. -1
-2
.
1792
)- )... -1 )
. -2
1793
.


1794




1795

.


1796




1797


.

1798


.
1799

194
 .

.

1800
.



.
.
.
)
1801
.
.
.
.
.
)
. 1802

.
.
34 364 . 1803
. .


. 1804


.
.
1805
.
. 1806

. 1807


1808

.
.
1809
.
1810
.
25 . 1811

1812
.
.
.
1813
.

.

195

1814

.

.
1815


.
)..............
1816
.

.
1817
.
.
.
.
. 1818

.
.
.
.


. 1819



.

1820

.

.
1821



.

1822

.
.
18.
. 1823

.

.
) 1824
. )
.
.

.
1825

.
.
.
.
) 1826


.

196
 )
1827

.


1828
.

.


1829



.


.


. 1830

)1

.
)2 25
25
.
1831
.
1832
.
1833
.
1834

. 1835

197


198


1836
.

1837

.

.
) )

1838
)
/




1839





1840

.







1841














1842


-
-
-

199

. 1843

.

1844



1845
.

1846
.

- )
) 1847
- )
-)

1848
.


.
1849

...
...



.
1850
.

.

.

/
/ ) 1851

. -Feed back 1852

.

)
1853



.

200


).
1854

).
.

)

1855


)

1856
.

)
) 1857

)
)

201


202
 . 8313 .8318 .8310 - .8310 1858

) .
80 852 .86 - 858 .80 - 1859
852 80 - 850 . )
. - . 1860
- . )
- . -
. - . - 1861
) .
-
.
.
.
.
. . 1862


.
-
.
.
-
.
- 1863
.
. - )
. . - 1864
. )
. -
. )01 1 .
. . 1865
) .
-
. -
.
. 1866
.
- . . 1867
) . - . .
. . 1868
. - .
. -
. - 1869
. - . .
. . . - 1870
. )

.

.

-
.
- 1871
. )

203
 .

)36
. -


)06 )36

.

)36 . . 1872
.
. -
.
1873
.
. . .
-8 - -0
-3.
)36 -0.
. -8 - -0.
)02 -3.

-0. .

-0.
-3. )36 -0. .
- -0. -3.
)32 -0. 1874
. ) .
-8 -0.
)06 -3.
. -8 -

-0.
-3.
. - -0. .
)36 -3.
.
- -0.
)06 -3. . 1875
) .
. .
. 1876
. .
. - .
. - 1877
. .

204


205
 1387

951 6 35 1878

.

1879


.

1880

.
.
1881






1882



.

1421 . 1883


.1 .
.2 .
1884
.3 .

.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.1 .
.2
1885
.
.3 .
.4
1886
.
1887
. .
.
1888
1 . -
2 . -

1889

.
1890
.

1891

.
.1 1892
.
1893
.

206
 1894
) .
1895
.
1896


. .1 1897

. .2
. .3

1898

.

1899


.
1900
.
. 1901
.
.1 .
.2 1864 .
.3 . 1902

.4 .
.5
.
1903
. .
.1 .
.2 .
.3 ) . 1904

.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.1 .
.2 .
.3 ) . 1905

.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.1 .
.2 .
.3 ) . 1906

.4 .
.5 1.
.6 .
.1 .
.2 .
. 1907

.3 ) .
.4 .
.5 .
) 1908
)1 .

207
 .1 .2. .

.1 1909
.2. .
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
1910
.5 .

.
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
1911
)4 .
.1

.
.2

.
1912
.3
.
.4


.

- . - 1913


.
-1 .
-2 .
.3 .
-4
-5 .
-6 .
-7 .
-8 1914

.
-9
.
-11
-11 .
-12
.
-13
-14 .15
.
.16 .

1915



.


. 1916
. .1

. .2

208
 . .3
. .4
. .5

.
.1 .
1917
.2
.
. 3
.
. 1918

.1 .
-2 1919

.
-3 .
. 1920

-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4 )
-5 .
-6 .
-7 . 1921

113 117 )119 .
-8

.
-9 .
-11 134 )144
.

1922
.
. 1923


1924

.
. 1925

-1
.
-2 1926

.
-3


1927


. 1928
.

209
 .

* 11 .
* 15 .
1929
* 21 .

* 25 .
* .

.
. -1
-2

1930
-3

-4
-5
-6
-7

1931




.
95) 111

5 .
. -1
. -2
. -3 1932
. -4
. -5
. -6
. -7
. -8
. -9

.
1933
.

.
.
. 1934

.

. . . 1935


1936



.
. 1937

.
.

210
 . 1938


1939

.

.


1940

.


.
1941
.
. 1942

1943

1944

1945


1946

.......................
1947

1948

1949


1950




-1

1951

-2
.
-3

1952



-1
1953

-2

1954
- )

211
 .
-
.
. -
. -
. -
. -

-
1955
- -
.
-
1956


.
- 1957
.
. - 1958

. - 1959
.
-
1960


.
. -
1961
. -
. -
- 1962
.
-
1963
.
-
- 1964
.
- 1965
.
- 1966

-
1967

.
- 1968

- 1969

-
1970

.
-
. 1971

212
 - -
.
- -
1972
.
- -

.
- 1973

-
-
-
-
- 1974

-
-
-
-
-
- 1975
.
) - 1976
..........
-
1977

.
- 1978
. .
. -
-

1979

.
-
.
- 1980

. -
1981
-

-
-
1982
-
-
-
-
-
1983
-
-
-
* . -
1984
* . -
* . -

213
 611111 - 1985
. 522822
. - 1986
.
. - 1987

-

. 1988


.
-
-
-
-

. -
1989
-
-

-
-
.
- 1990
.
-
.
-

.
. 1991




.
-
.
- 1992
.
. -
-
1993
- .
-
-
. -
. 1994

-
-
-
1995

.
- 1996

214
 - 1997
. .
-
1998

.
- 1999

- 2000
.
-


-
2001
.
-

-

-

) - 2002



.
. - 2003

- 2004

- 2005
.
-
2006
251 249

34 -
2007
67

.
112 - 2008

67 34 -
2009

-
. -
-
4
-
3
2010
-

. )51
.

.
. - 2011
-

215
 -
-
-
-
. -
-
92 -
2012

-
-
21 -
.
2013
.
.

. - 2014

. - 2015

- 2016
.
- 2017
.
- 2018

- 2019

- 2020

-
-
-
28 -
2021
8 -
-
-
-
) -
- 2022
.
- 2023
.
- 2024

- 2025

. -
2026
. . -
.
-
2027
. .
.

216
 -
. 5 3 . 2028

.
.
-
2029

.
-
-
-
- 2030


. -
-

- 2031

- 2032
.
manage men - 2033
. .
-
.
-
2034

.
-
.
. -
-
-
2035
-
-
-
-
. -
-
. -
. -
2036
-
. -
-
-
. -
11. - 2037

- 2038

- 2039
.
25 -
2040
-

217
 - 2041
.
-
- 2042

-
-
-
-
2043
. - .
. -

9 -
3 . 2044
.

-
- 2045
-
-
- 2046

-
2047

.
. -
-


-

-
-

-

2048
-

-
.
-

-

-
.
-
.
- 2049
)6 5 .
- 2050
.
. -
- 2051
.
-

218
 .
-

-
. -
-
.
-
.
. . -

-
.
. -
-


.
-

2052
. -

.
-
.
-


.
5 -
-
2053
)6 5

.
- 2054
.
-
.
. -
. -
-
.
. -
-
2055


-

.
-

. -
-
.
-
. 2056
-

219
 .

-
2057

.
- 2058
.
-
)Gower's1987,p.1 2059


.
. - 2060

- 2061
.
-

. -
. -
. - 2062

-
-
-
-
-
. -
. -
. -
. - 2063

. -
. -
. -
. -
. -

- 2064

. -
. -
-
.
-
. 2065
. -
-
.
. -
. -
-
2066
-
-
-
- 2067

. - 2068

220
 . -
2069
-
-
-
.
.
2070
-
.

.
-
2071
-
-
14 153 1385 - 2072
914 .
48 - 2073
.
-
2074

.
-
2075

.
. - 2076

-
2077

.
-
2078


. - 2079

. . - 2080
.
-
2081

.
-
2082
.

. -
-
2083
.
18 -

. -
-
.
2084
-
.
-
.

221
 - 2085

. - 2086
.
15 -
2087
25 .
.
- 2088
.
11 51 -
2089
. .

. -
. -
-
.
-
. 2090

. -
-
.
-
.
. -
. - 2091

. -
2092
. -
. -
-
2093
) -
-
) - 2094

18 25 - 02 2095
31 -
- 2096

3 -
2097
.
11 .
21 5 -
2098


.
91 31 -
61
2099
15 5



45 -
2100
.

. .

222
 -
. 2101
-
.
-
2102
.

25 - 2103
51
-

. 2104

-1 -
.

- 2105

- 2106
.
-
- 2107

-
-
-
-
2108
-
-
-
. -
-
-
-
-
-
-
2109
-
-
-
-

-
. -
-
- 2110

3 . - 2111

. -
2112


. .
. -
2113
.
.

223
 -
2114
.
.
14 18 - 2115
.
-
-
-
-
- 2116

.
-
-
.
-
65 - 2117
.
41 . - 2118
.
. - 2119

-
2120
111
.
25 . - 2121

- 2122
.
-

2123


.
-
. -
2124
. -
. -
-
- 2125
-
- 2126
-

224


225
 5 31 - 2127

-2. -
2128
-3. -4.
-5.
. - 2129
)
-
2130
.
-
- 2131

- )-2- -
-3. 2132

) -4.
-5 -. .
. -
2133
.

-
2134


.
-
2135

- 2136
) .
. - 2137
-
- 2138
. .
- 2139
.
. - 2140

-1. -
2141
" -2.

.
- 2142
. .
-1 -2. -3. -
2143

.
- -2. - 2144
.
. - 2145
.
. - 2146

31 . - 2147
.

226
 - 2148
. .
-2. . - 2149
.
-
2150
.
.
. - 2151
.
. - 2152
.

. -
2153
.
.
.
-1 -2. -
-3. -4.
-5.

2154
.
-6. -7.

-8.
.
-
2155
" .
.
-1 .
- 2 . 2156
-3 .
.
-1 . -
2157
-2 - .
.
. - 2158
- .
-
2159
65
.
.
. -
2160

.
-1 -
-2
2161
-3.
-4. -5.
.
. - 2162
- .
-1 -
2163
6441
.

227
 - 2164

-
)
2165

.

.
65 . - 2166
-
-
. 2167
. .
-
-2-. -
-3-.
-4-. 2168
-5. .
-6.
.
-1 -2. -
. 2169
-3. -4.
.
-1 = -
-2. =
-3. =
. 2170

-4. =

.
18 -

2171
. .
18
.
- . 2172
.
-
2173
25 55 . .
-
)8
2174
.
.
- 65 -2. )41 3
-4. 5.
2175
.
.

. 2176
.

. 2177
.
. 2178

228
 .

-1
-2.
2179

.
-3. .
2 .
2180
. .
-1
-2-.)1/4
2181
)5
-3-)1/7 .
)5 .)2
41 -2 . .
2182
. .

21 2183
.
-1 -.
-2 -. 2184
-3 .
.

. 2185

229


230
 1946 2186

2187


.
.
- . 2188

- .

.
-1 2189

- 2
-3

.
41 . 2190

.

2191

.
2192

)
2193
. .

2194

.
2195

.
2196

.


2197
.

.

2198


2199

.
2200
.
-1--2--3
-4 -5. - 6. .
-7- -8. - -9. .
2201
-11 - -11 - -12. - .
-13 -14. - -15. -
-16 --17.- -18 - .
-19 - -21. - -21 . --

231
 - -03 -00 - -

-25 --- -26. ----27. ---

28 --- -29. - -31
- 31 -32. -33.
-34
1919 1297 28 2202

.
2203

2204

2205


2206
.


2207


2208


2209


2210
1141
)
2211

2212

.

2213

.
.
.
2214


.

2215




2216


)

2217

.

2218

232


2219


- - -
2220

.

2221

.

. 2222

-1 -2 -3
-4 - 2223

-5

233
 Answer key

234
In each question, an incomplete statement followed by fillers is given. Pick out the best one which can complete incomplete stem
correctly and meaningfully.

1-A. we could detect that he was very happy

B. he failed to give us an impression of his agony
C. he succeeded in camouflaging his emotions
D. he could succeed in doing it easily
E. people came to know that he was annoyed

Answer: Option E

2-

Even if it rains I shall come means......

A. if I come it will not rain
B. if it rains I shall not come
C. I will certainly come whether it rains or not
D. whenever there is rain I shall come
E. I am less likely to come if it rains

Answer: Option C

3-

His appearance is unsmiling but......

A. his heart is full of compassion for others
B. he looks very serious on most occasions
C. people are afraid of him
D. he is uncompromising on matters of task performance
E. he is full of jealousy towards his colleagues

Answer: Option A

4-

She never visits any zoo because she is strong opponent of the idea of ......
A. setting the animals free into forest
B. feeding the animals while others are watching
C. watching the animals in their natural abode
D. going out of the house on a holiday
E. holding the animals in captivity for our joy

Answer: Option E

5-

I felt somewhat more relaxed......

A. but tense as compared to earlier
B. and tense as compared to earlier
C. as there was already no tension at all
D. and tension-free as compared to earlier
E. because the worry had already captured by mind

Answer: Option D

235
6-

It is not easy to remain tranquil when those around you ......

A. behave in a socially acceptable manner
B. exhibit pleasant mannerism
C. are losing their heads
D. agree to whatever you say
E. exhibit generous and magnanimous gestures

Answer: Option C

7-

"The food in this hostel is no match to what were forced at late hours in Hotel Kohinoor " means ......
A. The food in this hotel is quite good compared to what we ate at Kohinoor
B. Hotel kohinoor served us good quality food than what we get here
C. Both hotels have maintained good quality of food
D. Both hotels serve poor quality of food
E. it is better to eat food than remain hungry

Answer: Option B

8-

Although initial investigations pointed towards him ......

A. the preceding events corroborated his involvement in the crime
B. the additional information confirmed his guilt
C. the subsequent events established that he was guilt
D. the subsequent events proved that he was innocent
E. he gave an open confession of his crime

Answer: Option D

9-

The weather outside was extremely pleasant and hence we decided to ......
A. utilize our time in watching the television
B. refrain from going out for a morning walk
C. enjoy a morning ride in the open
D. employ this rare opportunity for writing letters
E. remain seated in our rooms in the bungalow

Answer: Option C

10-

"It is an uphill task but you will have to do it" means ......
A. The work is above the hill and you will have to do it
B. It is a very easy task but you must do it
C. It is very difficult task but you have to do it
D. This work is not reserved for you but you will have to do it
E. It is almost impossible for others but you can do it

Answer: Option C

236
11-

You are thinking very highly about Ravi but he is not so" means ......
A. Ramesh is as good as you think about him
B. You have a good opinion about Ramesh but he is not as good as you think
C. Your view about Ramesh is philosophical, keep it up
D. Ramesh is much better, than what you think of him
E. You have a good opinion about Ramesh but he does not have a good opinion about you

Answer: Option B

12-

Ahmad stuck up a friendship with Mahesh in just 2 days" means ......

A. Ahmad friendship with Mahesh came to an end recently
B. Ahmad found out the other friends of Mahesh
C. Ahmad fixed a deal with Mahesh in 2 days
D. Ahmad 's friendship with Mahesh lasted for 2 years
E. Ahmad became a friend of Mahesh in less than 2 days

Answer: Option E

13-

Although, he is reputed for making very candid statements ......

A. his today speech was not fairly audible
B. his promises had always been realistic
C. his speech was very interesting
D. people follow whatever he instructs to them
E. his today's statements were very ambiguous

Answer: Option E

14-

The manager would like you to help Mukhtar, means ......

A. the manager would like you if you help Mukhtar
B. the manager desires you to help Mukhtar
C. the manager likes you because you help Mukhtar
D. Mukhtar expects the manager to tell you to help him
E. it will be a help to the manager if you like Mukhtar
Answer: Option B

15-
Owing to the acute power shortage, the people of our locality have decided to ......
A. dispense with other non-conventional energy sources
B. resort to abundant use of electricity for illumination
C. off-switch the electrical appliance while not in use
D. explore other avenues for utilizing the excess power
E. resort to use of electricity only when it is inevitable

Answer: Option E

237
16-

He has no money now ......

A. although he was very poor once
B. as he has given up all his wealth
C. because he was very rich once
D. because he has received huge donation
E. because he was very greedy about wealth
Answer: Option B
17-
He is so lazy that he ......
A. cannot depend on others for getting his work done
B. cannot delay the schedule of completing the work
C. can seldom complete his work on time
D. dislike to postpone the work that he undertakes to do
E. always help others to complete their work
Answer: Option C
18-
Haroon is as stupid as he is lazy means ......
A. Haroon is stupid because he is lazy
B. Haroon is lazy because he is stupid
C. Haroon is either stupid or lazy
D. Haroon is hardly stupid but he is lazy
E. Haroon is equally stupid and lazy

Answer: Option E

19-

Practically, very little work could be completed in the last week as it was ......
A B
full of working days a very hectic week
. .
C D
full of holidays a very busy week
. .
E
loaded with work
.
Answer: Option C
20-
Because he believes in democratic principles, he always ......
A. decides all the matters himself
B. listen to others views and enforces his own
C. shown respect to others opinions if they match his own
D. reconciles with the majority views and gives us his own
E. imposes his own views on others
Answer: Option D

21-

Please select a grammatically correct sentencefor the given below phrases those are in bold.

You need not come unless you want to.

A. You don't need to come unless you want to
B. You come only when you want to
C. You come unless you don't want to
D. You needn't come until you don't want to
E. No correction required

Answer: Option A

238
22-

The man to I sold my house was a cheat.

A B
to whom I sell to who I sell
. .
C D
who was sold to to whom I sold
. .
E
No correction required
.

Answer: Option D

23-

They were all shocked at his failure in the competition.

A B
were shocked at all had all shocked at
. .
C D
had all shocked by had been all shocked on
. .
E
No correction required
.
Answer: Option E

24-
I dont need to give not offer any explanation regarding this incident - my behavior is speaking itself.
A B
will speak to itself speaks for itself
. .
C D
has been speaking speaks about itself
. .
E
No correction required
.

Answer: Option B

25-

He is too important for tolerating any delay.

A B
to tolerate to tolerating
. .
C D
at tolerating with tolerating
. .
E
No correction required
.

Answer:A

26-

The population of Kabul is greater than that of any other town in the world.
A. greatest among any other
B. greater than all other
C. greater than those of any other
D. greater than any other
E. No correction required
Answer: Option E

239
27-
The performance of our players was rather worst than I had expected.
A B
bad as I had expected worse than I had expected
. .
C D
worse than expectation worst than was expected
. .
E
No correction required
.

Answer: Option B

28-

Why you did not threw the bag away?

A B
did you not throw had you not threw
. .
C D
did you not thrown you did not thrown
. .
E
No correction required
.
Answer: Option I A

29-
She cooks, washes dishes, does her homework and then relaxing.
A B
relaxing then then is relaxing
. .
C D
relaxing is then then relaxes
. .
E
No correction required
.

Answer: Option D

30-

Why should the candidates be afraid of English Language is not clear.

A B
the candidates should be do the candidates be
. .
C D
should be the candidates are the candidates
. .
E
No correction required
.
Answer: Option D

31- What are parts of speech please name them?

Noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

32- NOUN
A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, idea, or quality

33- PRONOUN
A pronoun is a word used to take the place of a noun. A pronoun is used as a noun

34- VERB
A verb is a word used to express action, being, or state of being.

35- ADJECTIVE
An adjective is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. An adjective may be a single word, a phrase, or a clause.

240
36-ADVERB
An adverb is used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. In some cases adverbs may modify other parts of speech a preposition or
a conjunction or other sentence elements a verbal or occasionally a substantive.

37-PREPOSITION
A preposition shows therelations between its object and some other word in the sentence.\

38- CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction co6 8Onnects words or groups of words.

39-INTERJECTION
An interjection is a familiar word that has no grammatical relation to the rest of the
Sentence and that commands attention or expresses strong feeling: ah, gosh, hurrah, oh,
Ouch, shh, whew, etc.

40- What is the definition of parts of speech?

The parts of speech explain the ways words can be used in various contexts. Every word in the English language functions as at least one part of
speech; many words can serve, at different times, as two or more parts of speech, depending on the context.

Please select the best option to complete the following sentence:

Q1: Tom has ____________ English lesson on Thursdays.

Your

her

his
Q2: This film is ____________ than his last one.

Best

good

better
Q3: I'm a teacher. ____________ do you do? - Nice to meet you!

How

What

Who
Q4: I am fair ____________ my sister is dark.

But

because

that
Q5: I'm hungry! Is there ____________ fruit in the cupboard?

A lot

any

some
Q6: I ____________ go to the seaside at the weekend.

Many

often

like much

241
Q7: Amina cans ____________ all night long!

Dancing

to dance

dance

Q8: It's the telephone box ____________ the market.

In front of

in front

on the front
Q9: Let us go _____ a walk in the park.
from

for

near

on

to

Q10: She likes to wake up early _____ the morning.

on

in

at

Q11: Does this book belong _____ you?

to

in

on

at

of

Q12: Did you come here ________ the bus?

on

in

by

242
Q13: We argued _____ the waiter _____ the price of the meal.

at, over

with, about

to, for
Q14: Every boy and girl _____ working hard.
am

are

is

Q15:Don't forget to send me a postcard, _____?

will you

do you

won't you

you don't

Q16: Mom _____ me a pair of new shoes last Saturday.

was buying

would buy

Bought

has bought
Q17: I think Shamillah _____ always lucky.

Be

is

were

Are

243
Q18: You can look, but dont touch the pictures.

A. in an office

B. in a cinema

C. in a museum

Q19: NO PARKING PLEASE

A. in a street

B. on a book

C. in a
Q20: CROSS BRIDGE FOR TRAINS TO EDINBURGH

A. in a bank

B. in a garage

C. in a station
Q21: KEEP IN A COLD PLACE

A. on clothes

B. on furniture

C. on foodf
Q23: Please give the right money to the driver.

A. in a bank

B. on a bus

C. in a cinema

For questions 21 to 40, chose one letter A, B, C or D.

Q24: The children wont go to sleep we leave a light on outside their bedroom

A. except

B. otherwise

C. unless

D. but
Q25: Ill give you my spare keys in case you home before me.

A. would get

B. got

C. will get

244
Q28: My holiday in Paris gave me a great to improve my French accent.

A. occasion

B. chance

C. hope

D. possibility
Q29: The singer ended the concert her most popular song.

A. by

B. with

C. in
Q30: Because it had not rained for several months, there was a of water.

A. shortage

B. drop

C. scarce

D. fear

Q31. .Ive always you as my best friend.

A. regarded

B. thought

C. meant

D. supposed

Q31. She came to live here a month ago.

A. quite

B. beyond

C. already

D. almost.
Q32:Dont make such a ! The dentist is only going to look at your teeth.

A. fuss

B. trouble

C. worry

D. reaction
Q33: He spent a long time looking for a tie which with his new shirt.

A. fixed

B. made

C. went

D. wore

245
Q34: She had changed so much that anyone recognised her.

A. almost

B. hardly

C. not

D. nearly
Q35:. teaching English, she also writes childrens books.

A. Moreover

B. As well as

C. In addition

D. Apart
Q36: It was clear that the young couple were of taking charge of the restaurant.

A. responsible

B. reliable

C. capable

D. able

Q37: The book of ten chapters, each one covering a different topic.

A. comprises

B. includes

C. consists

D. contains
Q38: Maryam was disappointed with her new shirt as the colour very quickly.

A. bleached

B. died

C. vanished

D. faded
Q39: National leadeers from all over the world are expected to attend the meeting.

A. peak

B. summit

C. top

D. apex
Q40: Jawid remained calm when she won the lottery and about her business as if nothing had happened.

A. came

B. brought

C. went

D. moved

246
Q41: I suggest we outside the stadium tomorrow at 8.30.

A. meeting

B. meets

C. met

D. w
Q42: They _____ while I was cooking dinner.

Were cleaning up

had cleaned up
Q43: There was no food left when I returned. They _____ everything!

Had eaten

ate

were eating
Q44: I _____ the bags before we left on holiday.

Checked

was checking

had been checking

Q45: She told me she was flying to Chicago last week. She _____ in her hotel room last night.

Must have been

must be

had to be
Q46: If he _____ the window he would repair it.

Broke

were broken

were breaking
Q47: By the time the presentation began, they _____ their discussion.

Completed

had completed

were completing
Q48: If I _____ you, I would finish my homework!

Had been

were

would be

247
Q49: She is very intelligent. She _____ that!

Cant have thought

couldn't have thought

mustn't have thought

Q50: I lit the fire at four and it ______ brightly when Lina arrived.

Burned

had burned

was burning
Q51: I was reading the letter when the wind ______ it out of my hands.

Was blowing

blew

had blown

Q52: Jack ______ the report by the time it was due.

Hadnt finished

was finishing

had been finishing

Q53: They _____ an argument when I arrived to celebrate Sadaf's birthday.

Had been

were having

have had
Q54: I'm not sure where Ahmad was yesterday. He ______ visiting Tahmina.

Might was

might have been

couldn't have been

Q55: If Hank _____ you were going to come, he would have made sure to be there.

Knew

had known

was knowing
Q56: I found this gold coin while I _____ in the garden!

Dug

had been digging

was digging

248
Q57: He said he _____ yesterday.

Would come

had been coming

were coming

Q58: He ______ get up so early when he lived in Logar.

Didnt used to

didn't use to

had used to
Q59: Have we got ___ milk in the fridge?

Any

some
Q60: We stayed in ___ hotel near the city center.

The

an
Q61: What _____ you like to drink? - A glass of water, please.

Are

do

would

Q62: He ____ me lunch yesterday.

buyed

bought

bot
Q63: How _____ did the tickets cost?

much

many

249


250