Module 1

Practical task 2
Translate Ukrainian sentences into English. Then match the two columns.
Exercise 5 (Do it in written form)

Example: Не робіть поспішних висновків. – Be careful not to jump to conclusions.

1. Я не фахівець у цій галузі. A What field of science are you interested in?
2. Яка мета ваших досліджень? B This issue deals with your investigation.
3. Вона спеціалізується у галузі прикладного мовознавства. C His
dissertation meets all the necessary requirements.
4. Якою галуззю науки ви цікавитесь? D What science are you doing?
5. Це питання стосується вашого дослідження. E That’s outside my field.
6. Якою наукою ви займаєтесь? F She majors in applied linguistics.
7. Його дисертація відповідає усім необхідним вимогам. G What is the objective of your research?
8. Вони беруть участь у науково-дослідній роботі. H My research advisor is a well-known scientist.
9. Мій науковий керівник- відомий вчений. I They’ve come to/reached/drawn interesting
conclusions.
10. Вони дійшли цікавих висновків. J They are involved in R&D.
11. (А) Якою є Ваша думка? (А) як Ви гадаєте / вважаєте? Що Ви думаєте (про це / з цього
приводу)? K When it comes to research, enthusiasm does matter.
12. Чому вони поставили під сумнів цю теорію? L Are you familiar with this theory/
problem?
13. Не робіть поспішних висновків. M After much thought, they've arrived at a decision.
14. У наукових дослідженнях ентузіазм справді важливий. N (And) what do you think?
15. Вони прийняли рішення після багатьох роздумів. O He posed an important question.
16. Він поставив важливе (за) питання. P Why (how come) they question the theory?
17. Чи знаєте Ви (про) цю теорію / проблему? / Чи обізнані Ви з цією теорією / проблемою?)
Q Be careful not to jump to conclusions.

Exercise 6
Place steps of scientific research in correct order.

- Deciding how to solve a problem

- Choosing a topic
- Selecting an approach
- Identifying a problem
- Choosing the best solution of those available
- Expressing all ideas clearly
- Presenting materials and information correctly and clearly
- Developing a plan and time line
- Evaluating good and bad points
- Carrying out the plan on schedule
- Sharing the results with other people
- Generating ideas and methods
- Arriving at conclusions
Exercise 7
Choose the correct word and fill in the blanks.

product (produce) producer (s)

production productive
to produce productivity

1. We had a very meeting last week.

2. The two lasers combine a powerful cutting tool.
3. The country’s main is oil.
4. New methods have led to increased .
5. This country is one of the world’s leading oil .
6. The wine bottle was marked « of France».

to predict prediction predictable

7. The economists an increase in the rate of inflation.

8. You’re so !
9. It is hard when it will happen.
10. His turned out to be correct.

science scientific scientist

11. I’m fond of reading fiction.

12. He is a famous .
13. I don’t need any proof.

to apply applied application(s)

14. This rule does not in your particular case.

15. A new discovery has a number of industrial .
16. Her research is both theoretical and .

(to) require requirement(s) required

17. To carry out this plan would increasing our staff by 20 %.

18. This monograph is reading for our course.
19. Candidates who fail to meet these will not be admitted to the university.

curious curiosity

20. There was an intense about their plans.

21. I’m about what happened.

(to) imagine imagination imaginative

22. You can’t how surprised I was.

23. She has a vivid .
24. Be !

(to) develop development

 25. This was an important stage in country’s .
26. I’d like my idea.
Exercise 8
Render the following text into U k r a i n i a n .

In 1948 a 32-year-old electrical engineer and mathematician published in the Bell System Technical
Journal a seminal paper with the promising title A Mathematical Theory of Communication. The landmark
treatise raised considerable interest and made the author immediately known to everybody in the field of
communications. His name: Claude Elwood Shannon. It was this outstanding contribution that created the necessary
conditions for a theory of information. Without Claude Shannon there might well be no long distance phone calls,
compact discs, digital television, satellite communications, cell phones, and e-mail.
Claude Elwood Shannon (1916-2001) was born in Michigan, USA. It is reported that Thomas A. Edison
was the admired hero of his childhood. Mathematics and science were his preferred subjects in school, and in 1932
he began to study mathematics and electrical engineering at the University of Michigan. In 1936 he accepted a
position as a research assistant at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 1940 Shannon graduated
from the MIT with a
M.S. degree in electrical engineering and a PhD in mathematics. For the next 15 years he was with the Bell
Laboratories together with other first-rate mathematicians and scientists, including the signal theorists Nyquist and
Bode, and the inventors of the transistor, Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley. During that period Shannon has worked
hard on a theory of information, which culminated in the publication of his landmark paper, «A Mathematical
Theory of Communication». The scientist who has been noticed so far only by his colleagues for his sophisticated
and original ideas tried to show for the first time in this article that information can be measured independently of
any semantic aspect and that every data source may be uniquely described with respect to its information content.
But first of all, he assured that an error-free data transmission must be possible if the information rate is smaller than
the so-called channel capacity. The work provided critically important insights into the nature of communications.
Claude Shannon laid the cornerstone for the field of digital communications. In 1956 Shannon was invited to be a
professor at MIT. He continued his affiliation with the Bell Laboratories until 1972, and retired from MIT six years
later, in 1978.
In 1985, when he and his wife decided spontaneously to visit the International Symposium on Information
Theory in Brighton, England, many people noticed the shy gentleman wandering in and out of the different sessions.
As the word spread that it was Shannon himself, the reaction of the conference participants was as if Newton has
shown up at a physics conference.
Many stories have been written about his varied interests and even eccentricities. In the mid- 1960s he had
been invited by the Popov Society to the USSR. His wife accompanied him. Although there had been no prior
mention of money, close to the end of their visit, he was surprised to learn that a prize of some 3000 Rubles was
awarded to him. Unfortunately, he had only a few days to spend it, as it was not possible to take money out of the
country at the time. So, with some difficulty, he managed to cancel his full schedule for the next few days to go
shopping. Finding nothing to buy that interested him sufficiently, he was about to abandon his quest when he came
upon some high-quality East German musical instruments. So he came home with a bassoon, an oboe, and probably
other instruments. He remarked that he would never have bought a bassoon or an oboe unless he had to.
Many comparisons to heroes are made when describing Claude Shannon. A number of Shannon Websites
claim that he is to our time what Sir Isaac Newton was to his. Some say that he is to communications what Louis
Armstrong is to jazz. Everyone mentions Albert Einstein. His awards include the Alfred Nobel Prize, the IEEE
Medal of Honor, and the National Medal of Science presented by the President of the United States.

Exercise 9
Read the following text and Render it into U k r a i n i a n .

( in written form)

Stefanie Olsen, staff writer, CNET News.com, published an electronic article called «Academia's quest for the
ultimate search tool» in August, 2005. She has learned that the University of California at Berkeley is creating an
interdisciplinary center for advanced search technologies and is in talks with search giants including Google to join the
project. The project is one of many efforts at U.S. universities designed to address the explosive growth of Internet search
and the complex issues that have arisen in the field. She points out that U.C. Berkeley, the school where Google CEO Eric
Schmidt got his computer science doctoral degree, is bringing together faculty members from various departments to cross-
pollinate work on search technology. The principal areas of focus are: privacy, fraud, and multimedia search. The success
of the $5 billion-a-year search-advertising business is fueling Internet research and development in many ways.
Interestingly, Google and Yahoo were practically hatched in the same dorm room at Stanford University by several
graduate students roughly six years apart. Stanford, Carnegie Mellon University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT), and many other universities are working to solve problems presented by the digitized library of tomorrow. Sifting
through and organizing billions of digital documents will require new search technology. MIT, for example, has teamed
with the World Wide Web Consortium to create next-generation search technology. Under that umbrella, an MIT graduate
student has developed a tool called Piggybank: software lets people surf the Web, tag visited sites with keywords and build
an annotated collection that can then be published to a site called the bank. Therefore, it turns into a «Semantic Web
browser».
Exercise 10

By employing various search tools (google.com, yahoo.com, altavista.com, surfwax.com etc.) find the
information on:

- IEEE SPECTRUM
- MIT OpenCourseWare
- ResearchBuzz
- The Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard University
- The Nuts and Bolts of College Writing
- Science News Online
- IEEE the Institute «How Today's Techies Work»
- «One thing I'd like to clarify...» . Observations of Academic Speaking (by Anna Mauranen)
- The origins of a computer «bug» (clues: US Navy's Harvard Mark II computer; 9 September 1947;
Admiral Grace Hopper; Thomas Alva Edison, Pall Mall Gazette, 1889; an electrical handbook of 1896: telegraphers'
joke term for noisy lines)
- Other Than That