Version 7.1.

PVsyst - Simulation report

Grid-Connected System

Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt

Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for the year no 2
No 3D scene defined, no shadings
System power: 1700 kWp
Phổ yên, Thái Nguyên - Vietnam

Author
 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Project summary
Geographical Site Situation Project settings
Phổ yên, Thái Nguyên Latitude 21.26 °N Albedo 0.20
Vietnam Longitude 105.67 °E
Altitude 8m
Time zone UTC+7

Meteo data
Phổ yên, Thái Nguyên
Meteonorm 7.3 (1993-2000), Sat=100% - Synthetic

System summary
Grid-Connected System No 3D scene defined, no shadings
Simulation for year no 1

PV Field Orientation Near Shadings User's needs

Fixed planes 2 orientations No Shadings Daily household consumers
Tilts/azimuths 11 / -135 ° Constant over the year
11 / 45 ° Average 33.5 MWh/Day

System information
PV Array Inverters
Nb. of modules 3120 units Nb. of units 13 units
Pnom total 1700 kWp Pnom total 1430 kWac
Pnom ratio 1.189

Results summary
Produced Energy 1979 MWh/year Specific production 1164 kWh/kWp/year Perf. Ratio PR 86.38 %
Solar Fraction SF 16.06 %

Table of contents
Project and results summary 2
General parameters, PV Array Characteristics, System losses 3
Detailed User's needs 5
Main results 6
Loss diagram 7
Special graphs 8
Aging Tool 9
Cost of the system 11
Financial analysis 12
CO₂ Emission Balance 14

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 2/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

General parameters
Grid-Connected System No 3D scene defined, no shadings

PV Field Orientation Horizon

Orientation Models used Free Horizon
Fixed planes 2 orientations Transposition Perez
Tilts/azimuths 11 / -135 ° Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
11 / 45 ° Circumsolar with diffuse

Near Shadings User's needs

No Shadings Daily household consumers
Constant over the year
Average 33.5 MWh/Day

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Inverter
Manufacturer CSI Solar Co., Ltd. Manufacturer SMA
Model CS6W-545MS 1500V Model Sunny Tripower STP 110-60-CORE2
(Custom parameters definition) (Custom parameters definition)
Unit Nom. Power 545 Wp Unit Nom. Power 110 kWac
Number of PV modules 3120 units Number of inverters 13 units
Nominal (STC) 1700 kWp Total power 1430 kWac

Array #1 - MAI TAY BAC

Orientation #1
Tilt/Azimuth 11/-135 °
Number of PV modules 1680 units Number of inverters 7 units
Nominal (STC) 916 kWp Total power 770 kWac
Modules 105 Strings x 16 In series
At operating cond. (50°C) Operating voltage 500-1000 V
Pmpp 839 kWp Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.19
U mpp 597 V
I mpp 1404 A

Array #2 - MAI DONG NAM

Orientation #2
Tilt/Azimuth 11/45 °
Number of PV modules 1440 units Number of inverters 6 units
Nominal (STC) 785 kWp Total power 660 kWac
Modules 90 Strings x 16 In series
At operating cond. (50°C) Operating voltage 500-1000 V
Pmpp 719 kWp Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.19
U mpp 597 V
I mpp 1204 A

Total PV power Total inverter power

Nominal (STC) 1700 kWp Total power 1430 kWac
Total 3120 modules Nb. of inverters 13 units
Module area 8000 m² Pnom ratio 1.19

Array losses
Array Soiling Losses Thermal Loss factor Serie Diode Loss
Loss Fraction 2.0 % Module temperature according to irradiance Voltage drop 0.7 V
Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Loss Fraction 0.1 % at STC
Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K/m/s

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 3/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Array losses
Module Quality Loss Module mismatch losses Strings Mismatch loss
Loss Fraction -0.5 % Loss Fraction 2.0 % at MPP Loss Fraction 0.1 %

Module average degradation

Year no 1
Loss factor 0.4 %/year
Mismatch due to degradation
Imp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year
Vmp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year

IAM loss factor

Incidence effect (IAM): User defined profile

20° 40° 60° 65° 70° 75° 80° 85° 90°

1.000 1.000 1.000 0.990 0.960 0.920 0.840 0.720 0.000

Spectral correction
FirstSolar model
Precipitable water estimated from relative humidity

Coefficient Set C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Monocrystalline Si 0.85914 -0.02088 -0.0058853 0.12029 0.026814 -0.001781

DC wiring losses
Global wiring resistance 2.1 mΩ
Loss Fraction 0.9 % at STC

Array #1 - MAI TAY BAC Array #2 - MAI DONG NAM

Global array res. 4.0 mΩ Global array res. 4.6 mΩ
Loss Fraction 0.9 % at STC Loss Fraction 0.9 % at STC

System losses
Unavailability of the system Auxiliaries loss
Time fraction 2.0 %
7.3 days,
4 periods

AC wiring losses
Inv. output line up to injection point
Inverter voltage 400 Vac tri
Loss Fraction 0.0 % at STC
Inverter: Sunny Tripower STP 110-60-CORE2
Wire section (13 Inv.) Copper 13 x 3 x 70 mm²
Average wires length 0m

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 4/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Detailed User's needs

Daily household consumers, Constant over the year, average = 33.5 MWh/day
Annual values Hourly distribution

Number Power Use Energy

W Hour/day Wh/day
GIO THAP DIEM DUNG NHIEU 6 600000W/lamp5.0 18000000
GIO THAP DIEM DUNG IT 4 600000W/app 3.0 7200000
GIO CAO DIEM 17H-19H 1 600000W/app 3.0 1800000
GIO CAO DIEM 9H30 -> 11H30
1 2 2000000
GIO CAO DIEM 19H/20H 1 2 1800000
THAP DIEM BUOI TOI 1 300000W tot 9.0 2700000
Stand-by consumers 24.0, 7days/7 24
Total daily energy 33500024Wh/day

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 5/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Main results
System Production
Produced Energy 1979 MWh/year Specific production 1164 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 86.38 %
Solar Fraction SF 16.06 %

Normalized productions (per installed kWp) Performance Ratio PR

Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_User E_Solar E_Grid EFrGrid
kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh MWh MWh MWh
January 66.4 49.05 15.69 65.1 63.0 103.7 1039 96.7 0.000 941.8
February 67.2 54.31 17.50 66.0 63.9 104.3 938 102.4 0.106 835.6
March 87.9 67.23 20.70 86.5 83.7 134.3 1039 131.2 0.670 907.3
April 103.3 74.41 24.47 102.1 98.9 155.4 1005 151.6 1.113 853.4
May 141.8 94.10 28.04 140.2 135.9 210.3 1039 190.0 2.014 848.5
June 154.2 92.62 29.60 152.8 148.1 227.5 1005 221.6 2.272 783.4
July 158.1 88.02 29.60 156.6 151.9 232.7 1039 224.6 4.397 813.9
August 155.5 92.73 28.61 153.8 149.2 229.8 1039 224.3 2.005 814.2
September 130.7 77.86 26.89 129.2 125.2 195.1 1005 190.2 1.836 814.8
October 128.2 78.91 25.03 126.4 122.5 193.3 1039 170.0 0.676 868.5
November 91.1 57.29 20.74 89.7 86.8 140.0 1005 137.3 0.287 867.7
December 80.2 58.76 17.41 78.8 76.2 125.2 1039 123.2 0.000 915.3
Year 1364.6 885.28 23.72 1347.1 1305.4 2051.6 12228 1963.2 15.377 10264.3

Legends
GlobHor Global horizontal irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation E_User Energy supplied to the user
T_Amb Ambient Temperature E_Solar Energy from the sun
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane E_Grid Energy injected into grid
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings EFrGrid Energy from the grid

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 6/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Loss diagram
1365 kWh/m² Global horizontal irradiation

-1.28% Global incident in coll. plane

-1.11% IAM factor on global

-2.00% Soiling loss factor

1305 kWh/m² * 8000 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors

efficiency at STC = 21.30% PV conversion

2224 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-0.20% Module Degradation Loss ( for year #1)
-0.59% PV loss due to irradiance level

-5.08% PV loss due to temperature

+0.13% Spectral correction

+0.45% Module quality loss

-2.06% Mismatch loss, modules and strings

-0.56% Ohmic wiring loss
2052 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP
-1.59% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.00% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
0.00% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
-0.01% Night consumption
2019 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

-0.02% Auxiliaries (fans, other)

0.00% AC ohmic loss
grid
-1.97% System unavailability
consumption

10264 1963 15MWh Energy injected into grid

to user to user to grid

from grid from solar

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 7/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Special graphs
Daily Input/Output diagram

System Output Power Distribution

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 8/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Aging Tool
Aging Parameters
Time span of simulation 25 years
Module average degradation Mismatch due to degradation
Loss factor 0.4 %/year Imp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year
Vmp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year
Meteo used in the simulation
#1 Ph yên Thái Nguyên MN73 SYN
Years 1990 (reference year)
Years simulated 1,6,11,16,21,25

Energy injected into grid

Performance Ratio

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 9/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Aging Tool
Aging Parameters
Time span of simulation 25 years
Module average degradation Mismatch due to degradation
Loss factor 0.4 %/year Imp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year
Vmp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year
Meteo used in the simulation
#1 Ph yên Thái Nguyên MN73 SYN
Years 1990 (reference year)
Years simulated 1,6,11,16,21,25

Ph yên Thái Nguyên MN73 SYN

Year E Grid PR PR loss

MWh %
1 15.38 0.007 0%
2 14.89 0.007 -3.2%
3 14.41 0.006 -6.3%
4 13.92 0.006 -9.5%
5 13.44 0.006 -12.6%
6 12.95 0.006 -15.8%
7 12.34 0.005 -19.7%
8 11.73 0.005 -23.7%
9 11.12 0.005 -27.7%
10 10.50 0.005 -31.7%
11 9.891 0.004 -35.7%
12 9.500 0.004 -38.2%
13 9.109 0.004 -40.8%
14 8.719 0.004 -43.3%
15 8.328 0.004 -45.8%
16 7.937 0.003 -48.4%
17 7.536 0.003 -51%
18 7.135 0.003 -53.6%
19 6.734 0.003 -56.2%
20 6.333 0.003 -58.8%
21 5.932 0.003 -61.4%
22 5.391 0.002 -64.9%
23 4.851 0.002 -68.5%
24 4.310 0.002 -72%
25 3.769 0.002 -75.5%

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 10/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Cost of the system

Installation costs

Item Quantity Cost Total

units VNĐ VNĐ
Total 0.00
Depreciable asset 0.00

Operating costs

Item Total
VNĐ/year
CHI PHI VAN HANH VA BAO TRI 200'000'000.00
Total (OPEX) 200'000'000.00

System summary
Total installation cost 0.00 VNĐ
Operating costs 200'000'000.00 VNĐ/year
Unused energy 1963 MWh/year
Energy sold to the grid 15.4 MWh/year
Cost of produced energy (LCOE) 101.084 VNĐ/kWh

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 11/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Financial analysis
Simulation period
Project lifetime 20 years Start year 2023

Income variation over time

Inflation 0.00 %/year
Production variation 0.00 %/year
Discount rate 0.00 %/year

Income dependent expenses

Income tax rate 0.00 %/year
Other income tax 0.00 %/year
Dividends 0.00 %/year

Electricity sale
Feed-in tariff Peak tariff 0.00 VNĐ/kWh
Off-peak tariff 0.00 VNĐ/kWh 11:00-17:00, 20:00-09:00
Duration of tariff warranty 20 years
Annual connection tax 0.00 VNĐ/kWh
Annual tariff variation 0.0 %/year
Feed-in tariff decrease after warranty 50.00 %

Self-consumption
Consumption tariff Peak tariff 3'114.00 VNĐ/kWh
Off-peak tariff 1'692.00 VNĐ/kWh 11:00-17:00, 20:00-09:00
Tariff evolution +5.0 %/year

Return on investment
Payback period 0.0 years
Net present value (NPV) 114'048'633'727.47 VNĐ
Return on investment (ROI) 100.0 %

Detailed economic results (VNĐ)

Gross Run. Deprec. Taxable Taxes After-tax Self-cons. Cumul. %

income costs allow. income profit saving profit amorti.

2023 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 4'001'648'601 3'801'648'601 100.0%
2024 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 4'201'731'031 7'803'379'632 100.0%
2025 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 4'401'813'461 12'005'193'093 100.0%
2026 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 4'601'895'891 16'407'088'984 100.0%
2027 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 4'801'978'321 21'009'067'305 100.0%
2028 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 5'002'060'751 25'811'128'056 100.0%
2029 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 5'202'143'181 30'813'271'237 100.0%
2030 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 5'402'225'611 36'015'496'849 100.0%
2031 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 5'602'308'041 41'417'804'890 100.0%
2032 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 5'802'390'471 47'020'195'361 100.0%
2033 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 6'002'472'901 52'822'668'263 100.0%
2034 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 6'202'555'331 58'825'223'594 100.0%
2035 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 6'402'637'761 65'027'861'356 100.0%
2036 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 6'602'720'192 71'430'581'547 100.0%
2037 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 6'802'802'622 78'033'384'169 100.0%
2038 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 7'002'885'052 84'836'269'220 100.0%
2039 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 7'202'967'482 91'839'236'702 100.0%
2040 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 7'403'049'912 99'042'286'614 100.0%
2041 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 7'603'132'342 106'445'418'956 100.0%
2042 0 200'000'000 0 0 0 -200'000'000 7'803'214'772 114'048'633'727 100.0%
Total 0 4'000'000'000 0 0 0 -4'000'000'000 118'048'633'727 114'048'633'727 100.0%

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 12/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

Financial analysis
Yearly net profit (kVNĐ)

Cumulative cashflow (kVNĐ)

24/01/22 PVsyst Licensed to Page 13/14

 Project: Cty CP Prime Ngói Việt
Variant: New simulation variant Simulation for the year no 6 Simulation for
the year no 2
PVsyst V7.1.1
Simulation date:
24/01/22 02:56
with v7.1.1

CO₂ Emission Balance

Total: 44021.0 tCO₂
Generated emissions Saved CO₂ Emission vs. Time
Total: 2999.95 tCO₂
Source: Detailed calculation from table below:
Replaced Emissions
Total: 54192.5 tCO₂
System production: 1978.55 MWh/yr
Grid Lifecycle Emissions: 913 gCO₂/kWh
Source: Custom value supplied by user
Lifetime: 30 years
Annual degradation: 1.0 %

System Lifecycle Emissions Details

Item LCE Quantity Subtotal

[kgCO₂]
Modules 1713 kgCO2/kWp 1698 kWp 2908575
Supports 2.71 kgCO2/kg 31160 kg 84590
Inverters 522 kgCO2/units 13.0 units 6786

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