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KTQT1 - Chương 3 - Job Order Costing - SV
KTQT1 - Chương 3 - Job Order Costing - SV
PowerPoint Authors:
Susan Coomer Galbreath, Ph.D., CPA
Jon A. Booker, Ph.D., CPA, CIA
Cynthia J. Rooney, Ph.D., CPA
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Mã đơn hàng
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Mục tiêu 1
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Lý tưởng là cơ sở phân bổ
chính là nguyên nhân làm phát
sinh chi phí chung.
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Mục tiêu 2
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Tính hệ số phân bổ
PearCo dự tính sẽ cần 160.000 giờ lao động cho nhu cầu sản xuất dự kiến
vào năm tới. Và công ty cũng ước tính tổng định phí sản xuất chung kế
hoạch là 200.000 đôla, biến phí sản xuất chung là 2.75 đôla/giờ lao động
trực tiếp.
Y = a + bX
Y = $200,000 + ($2.75/giờ lao động tt× 160,000 giờ lao động)
Y = $200,000 + $440,000
Y = $640,000
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Mục tiêu 3
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Rất nhiều công ty sử dụng 1 hệ số phân bổ ước tính cho toàn công ty để
phân bổ tất cả chi phí sản xuất chung cho các đơn hàng theo nhu cầu sử
dụng số giờ lao động của các đơn hàng.
1.Cách làm này đơn giản nhưng không chính xác khi giả định rằng số giờ
lao động trực tiếp là nguyên nhân duy nhất làm phát sinh chi phí chung
2.Nếu có nhiều hơn 1 nguyên nhân làm phát sinh chi phí chung có thể
được nhận diện thì mức chính xác của tính phí theo đơn hàng sẽ được cải
thiện bằng cách sử dụng nhiều hệ số phân bổ ước tính.
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Mục tiêu 4
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further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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Chú ý là sử dụng hai hệ số phân bổ ước tính cho hai phân xưởng sẽ
làm giá bán đơn hàng 407 khác so với sử dụng 1 hệ số phân bổ ước
tính cho toàn công ty và cho dù cơ sở để tính hệ số phân bổ này là dựa
vào số giờ máy hoặc số giờ lao động trực tiếp. Giá trị của việc sử dụng
hê số phân bổ cho từng phân xưởng là nó giúp cung cấp thông tin chi
phí chính xác hơn cho mỗi đơn, do đó giúp nhà quản trị lên kế hoạch
và ra quyết định hiệu quả hơn.
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Khi một công ty tính hệ số phân bổ chi phí chung dựa vào
nhiều cơ sở thì nó sử dụng phương pháp gọi là tính phí
trên cơ sở hoạt động.
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Tính phí theo đơn hàng để lập báo cáo tài chính cho
các người sử dụng bên ngoài doanh nghiệp
Giá trị chi phí chung phân bổ cho các đơn hàng
trong 1 kỳ sẽ khác so với giá trị chi phí chung thực tế
diễn ra trong kỳ
1. Khi 1 công ty phân bổ ít chi phí chung cho sản
xuất hơn số nó thực sự phát sinh thì hiện tượng này
gọi là phân bổ thiếu chi phí chung.
2. Khi công ty phân bổ nhiều chi phí chung cho sản
xuất hơn số thực tế phát sinh thì hiện tượng này gọi
là phân bổ thừa chi phí chung.
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