Accumulative Report

THE PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF BINH DUONG PROVINCE

THUDAUMOT UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES


Accumulative Report
Title:
The Differences in Communication
Styles in Business Communication
between Americans and Vietnamese.
Student: Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Code: 2022202011298
Class: D20NNAN05
Lecturer: Nguyễn Hoàng Minh Đức
Course: Mini project British - American work styles and communication (0+2)
--- Bình Dương, 2022---

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PHIẾU CHẤM

Điểm GIÁM KHẢO 1 GIÁM KHẢO 2

Bằng số Bằng chữ

Tiêu chí Tốt Khá Trung bình Kém Điểm số

100% 75% 50% 0% GK1 GK2

Liên quan trực Khá liên quan Liên quan từ xa Hoàn toàn
tiếp không liên
Chủ đề quan

1 điểm 0,75 điểm 0,5 điểm 0 điểm

Tổ chức tốt; sắp Có tổ chức, Một số phần lan Tổ chức kém;

xếp hợp lý, phát nhưng phát triển man; bắt đầu và không tiến
triển logic; bố cục chưa logic, cảm kết thúc không triển logic; bắt
rõ ràng giác chỉ có phần rõ ràng đầu và kết
Bố cục bắt đầu và kết thúc mơ hồ
thúc

1,5 điểm 1 điểm 0,5 điểm 0 điểm

Chất Hỗ trợ chi tiết cụ Một số chi tiết Chi tiết có phần Không thể tìm
lượng thể theo chủ đề không hỗ trợ cho sơ sài. Không hỗ thấy chi tiết cụ
thông phần chủ đề trợ chủ đề thể
tin và
1,5 điểm 1 điểm 0,5 điểm 0 điểm
độ thú

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vị
Không có lỗi Chỉ một hoặc hai Nhiều hơn hai Nhiều lỗi gây
Lỗi viết lỗi lỗi khó hiểu
câu
1,5 điểm 1 điểm 0,5 điểm 0 điểm

Trích dẫn và trình Trích dẫn và trình Trích dẫn và trình Trích dẫn và
bày tài liệu tham bày tài liệu tham bày tài liệu tham trình bày tài
khảo, hình vẽ, khảo, hình vẽ, khảo đúng quy liệu tham khảo
Trích
bảng, biểu rõ ràng bảng, biểu đúng định nhưng chưa không đúng quy
dẫn và
và đúng quy định quy định nhưng rõ ràng định, không rõ
trình một số chỗ chưa rõ ràng.
bày ràng.
TLTK

1,5 điểm 1 điểm 0,5 điểm 0 điểm

Kỹ Sử dụng thành thạo Sử dụng thành Không sử dụng

năng và hiệu quả công cụ thạo công cụ trình Có sử dụng công công cụ trình

thuyết trình chiếu chiếu cụ trình chiếu chiếu

(powerpoint). (powerpoint). (powerpoint). (powerpoint).
trình
(powerp
oint)
1,5 điểm 1 điểm 0,5 điểm 0 điểm

Kỹ Trình bày lưu loát, Trình bày chậm Trình bày ngập Không trình
năng tự tin. Âm phát ra rãi nhưng tương ngừng quá lâu, bày nội dung

thuyết chính xác, rõ ràng. đối trôi chảy, âm âm phát ra không bài báo cáo.
Không có dầu hiệu phát ra tương đối rõ ràng, không
trình
đọc slides chính xác Không chính xác Có dấu
(speech)
gây khó hiểu. hiệu đọc slides rõ

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ràng

1,5 điểm 1 điểm 0,5 điểm 0 điểm

ĐIỂM TỔNG CÁ NHÂN

ĐIỂM THỐNG NHẤT

TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter I: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................6
Chapter II:BACKGROUND CONCEPTS.............................................................6
2.1 Definition of communication.......................................................................6
2.2 Common communication styles..................................................................7
2.2.1 Assertive/Dominant communication style...........................................7
2.2.2 Aggressive communication style..........................................................7
2.2.3 Passive communication style................................................................8
2.2.4 Passive-aggressive communication style..............................................8
2.2.5 Manipulative communication style......................................................8
2.3 Three main differences in communication styles between Americans
and Vietnamese people.........................................................................................9
2.3.1 Greeting.................................................................................................9
Table 2.3.1.1 Greeting scenes in American’s movies................................10
Table 2.3.1.2 Greeting scenes in Vietnamese’s movies.............................11
Table 2.3.1.3 The percentage of greeting styles in business
communication in American and Vietnamese movies..............................12
2.3.2 Directness.............................................................................................13

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Table 2.3.2.1 Directness scenes in American’s movies.............................14

Table 2.3.2.2 Indirectness scenes in Vietnamese’s movies.......................15
Table 2.3.2.3 The percentage of using indirect and direct communication
in American and Vietnamese movies.........................................................16
2.3.3 Expressing emotions............................................................................16
Table 2.3.3.1 Expressing emotions scenes in American’s movies............17
Table 2.3.3.2 Expressing emotions scenes in Vietnam’s movies..............18
Table 2.3.3.3 The percentage of expressing emotions in business
communication in American and Vietnamese movies..............................19
Chapter III: CONCLUSION.................................................................................20
3.1 Conclusion...................................................................................................20
3.2 Recommendation........................................................................................20
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................21

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Chapter I: INTRODUCTION

Communication is critical in modern culture, particularly in business. It assists each

person in becoming more sophisticated and respected. Similarly, communication
allows us to understand the partner we are approaching in order to do the right thing in
each situation. We must learn to interpret and grasp the meanings of the other person's
gestures, posture, and content in addition to observing them. Then, when we work in
business, we will get experience communicating with others, which will help you
become a better communicator. Communication styles are important in business
communication because they enhance spoken language by stressing, verifying, and
denying. Sometimes they act as linguistic signs in communication to express ideas and
emotions that language cannot convey. Nevertheless, each communication style has
diverse meanings and is used differently in each country. That is why I chose to
investigate the topic "The differences in communication styles in business
communication between Americans and Vietnamese”. The purpose of this research is
to examine and clarify the differences in business communication styles used by
Americans and Vietnamese in their greeting, directness, and expressing emotions.

Chapter II: BACKGROUND CONCEPTS

II.1 Definition of communication

The word “communication” can be defined by Koontz and O’Donnel as

“Communication is an intercourse by words, letters, symbols or messages and is a way
that one organization member shares meaning and understandings with another.”
(Koontz, H., O'Donnell, C., & Weihrich, H., 2005). It can be said that people use
communication to exchange information just to understand others. It expresses facts,
thoughts, ideas, or feelings. Communication involves at least two individuals. To finish
the process, at least two people are required. One assumes the role of transmitter, while
the other assumes the role of receiver. Therefore, business communication is a wide
notion that encompasses any type of communication whose objective is to increase the

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value of a company. This could be internal communication such as regulations, rules,

and motivational materials, or it could be outward communication.

II.2 Common communication styles

One of the most valuable qualities you can provide to a business is strong
communication abilities. Communication that is clear and confident increases
efficiency and avoids errors. As a result, we must understand the communication
approach that we use in a wide range of situations. There are five distinct
communication styles that can be identified.

II.2.1 Assertive/Dominant communication style

Assertive/Dominant communication is defined by clear, confident verbal/non-verbal

gestures and signals. An assertive communicator would be specific and respectful in
his or her requests, while forceful in his or her demands.
They are frequently related to a sense of self-worth. Such people are self-assured,
emotionally expressive, and certain in their abilities. They fight to protect their own
rights while being careful of not violating the rights of others. They are personable and
reliable, making them suitable candidates for leadership position - like Barack Obama,
Steve McQueen, or Jack Welch as they have Expressing needs clearly, respectfully,
and appropriately, speaking calmly, good eye-contact, relaxed body posture, feeling in
control, etc. (Udemy Editor, 2020).

II.2.2 Aggressive communication style

This style values appearance above value. Their body language, attitude, and voice are
characterized by loudness.
Aggressive communicators are typically ambitious, confrontational, and demanding.
Bullying and intimidation reflect their working approach. They prefer noise to sensible
discourse in order to win disputes. They are frequently outgoing and love being the

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center of attention. This can have a negative impact on the employment environment in
many situations. Examples for this communication style can be seen as criticizing
others, using humiliation to control others, attempting to dominate, or frequent
interruption. (Udemy Editor, 2020).

II.2.3 Passive communication style

These communicators will make a concerted effort not to speak publicly, interact, or
become involved. This impacts how they communicate, their voice, and their body
language.
Passive communicators are cautious to convey their genuine feelings, preferring
indirect communication methods, and are frequently self-apologetic. They may be
extremely intelligent yet have low social skills or self-esteem. Passive communicators
frequently have a lot of empathy and a high EQ, which is unfortunately hidden by their
inactivity. Example of this style are Failure to speak up for oneself, speaking softly or
apologetically, poor eye contact and shrinking body posture, allowing others’ to
consistently get their needs met over their own, avoiding conflict at all costs. ignoring
situations that need to be handled sooner than later. (Udemy Editor, 2020).

II.2.4 Passive-aggressive communication style

When forceful communication is the gold standard, the passive-aggressive

communication is the rusting, counterfeit quarter of communication techniques.
As with passive communication, there is a sense of powerlessness and impotence. And,
as with forceful speech, there is an element of assault and rage. By combining them,
you will actively assault communication in order to conceal inward weakness and
passivity. This communication approach makes it easier for the other person to identify
your vulnerability and attack you back. (Udemy Editor, 2020).

II.2.5 Manipulative communication style

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Manipulative communication style is difficult to identify at first because its

practitioners manipulate the outcome through deceit and cunning. Manipulative
communicators will not communicate what they truly want, instead diverting in order
to disguise their genuine aim. They will muddy the waters so that their genuine
objectives are unknown until the aim is achieved – and even then, who knows? Make it
simple for others to be drawn in and followed. Often, the manipulative communication
style will use words or acts to strike the other person's psyche.
Manipulative communicators, like assertive communicators, know what they want and
how to obtain it, but they strive to attain their objectives by misleading people rather
than speaking openly and honestly with them. They can be said to do so. (Udemy
Editor, 2020).

II.3 Three main differences in communication styles between Americans and

Vietnamese people

II.3.1 Greeting

Vietnamese people are often cautious while greeting one another and show some
respect for the other person's social standing, but greets in America are often more
informal and include a handshake. In Vietnam, the elderly or those with a better social
position are almost always respected. In addition to an expressive manner and
movements, they also use specialized gestures when communicating. When welcoming
someone and wishing them well, Vietnamese people typically shake hands. As a sign
of respect, give a firm handshake with both hands (Vietnam - Cultural Etiquette - E
Diplomat, n.d.). Hold both hands while addressing a person with authority. Address the
senior members of the group first while making an introduction. If the seniors don't
offer their hand, they should just be bowed respectfully. Whenever someone is
introduced, their place in the family is usually explained. Use Mr. or Ms. or a title
followed by the first name when addressing them in a formal manner. In Vietnamese,
there are a number of other honorific expressions that can be used to address people in

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various relationships. According from (Hays, n.d.) when welcoming someone, say
["xin chao" (seen chow) + given name + title]. The Vietnamese are happy if a
Westerner can properly say "xin chao" (since Vietnamese is a language variety, "xin
chao" can have six different meanings, just one of which is "Hello"). However, English
does not utilize them. To respect seniors, the word "thưa" (which means "please"') is
used before the honorific name, while Vietnamese people with a more traditional
mindset will bow to an authority figure or elder. In the US, Americans are kind and
frequently grin. Since they frequently refer to people by their first names, be ready for
them to do the same when you use theirs. This reflects the egalitarian society in
America. Americans tend to be upbeat and cheerful, and they may give you a firm
handshake or even place their hand on your back or grab your arm. In the article of
Zachwieja (2017), even though you'll hear it frequently of the question like "How are
you doing?". Because Americans rarely ask how you are, you are not expected to make
a long reply when they ask you that question or "How are you doing today?". And the
only appropriate responses to the greetings "How do you do?" are "Fine," "Great," or
"Very well, thank you".  This is not a request for information about your health; it is
simply a friendly greeting. "See you later" is merely a statement. People say this even
if they have no intention of seeing you again. When they believe you've formed a
relationship, they may place their hand on your back or even embrace you - whereas
others may express a strong distaste for touching. Most Americans have a strong
feeling of personal space and are fine with some physical distance when conversing.
They will be irritated if you sit or stand too near to them (Istiaque, A. A. (2019)). If
you are from a culture that is used to a lot of physical touch and you stand too close,
pay heed to their signals and preserve your space if they appear uncomfortable.

Table II.3.1.1 Greeting scenes in American’s movies

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Table II.3.1.2 Greeting scenes in Vietnamese’s movies

Hand Ask
Movies Time Stamp Bow
shake questions
Hand Ask
Movies
The Pursuit of Happiness Time Stamp Bow
19:45 - 19:49 shake
x - questions
x
(2006)
Phỏng vấn xin việc (Tran, 2018) 9:50 - 10:10 x - x
1:42:00 -
The Social Network (2010) x - x
1:42:11
Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 2) 0:36 - 1:17 x x -
The Intern (2015) 20:00 - 20:06 - x x
Chuyện công sở (Hoai, 2019) 2:00 - 2:20 x x -
The Wolf of Wall Street 22:03 - 22:05 x - x
Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 4) 4:51 & 7:23 x x x
2:23:01 -
The Godfather (1972) x - x
2:23:12
Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 5) 1:26 – 1:30 x x -

The Office (Season 1) 7:32 - 7:41 x - x

Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 10) 1:53 & 7:43 - - x
1:54:04 -
Wall Street (1987) - - x
Hướng nghiệp (Ep 1 - Part 2) 1:54:08
10:00 - 10:23 x - -

The Big Short (2015) 1:22 - 1:24 x - x

Hành trình công lý (Ep 1) 2:32 – 2:40 - - x

Wall Street: Money Never

15:50
54:35 &
- 54:40 - - x
HànhSleeps
trình công lý (Ep 1)
(2010) x x -
44:13
1:22:45 -
Cảnh Margin
Sát HìnhCall
Sự:(2011)
Cuồng Phong 7:34 – 7:37 - - x
1:22:52 x x -
(Ep 2) & 29:24

Table II.3.1.3 The percentage of greeting styles in business

communication in American and Vietnamese movies.

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How they greeting other in business

Movies communication?
Hand shake Bow Ask questions
American 60% 10% 100%
Vietnamese 80% 60% 40%

The ways of greeting style that American and Vietnamese people use in business
communication are depicted in table 2.2.1.a, 2.2.1.b. While the table 2.2.1.c is
summarized as it can conclude the overview of how American and Vietnamese people
greeting with other in business communication. In America, people tend to shake hand
(60%) and ask questions (100%) rather than bow to their colleague (10%). In
Vietnamese movie scenes, they show that they tend to shake hand (80%) and bow
(60%) to each other than simply ask questions (40%).

Overall, Vietnamese individuals are frequently cautious while greeting one another and
show some respect for the other person's social standing and age, but greetings in the
United States are often more casual and begin with a handshake and asking some
opening questions.

II.3.2 Directness

In the research of Troester & Warburton (2001), American people prefer directness
rather than Vietnamese people in business communication. On the one hand, when
Americans say "yes" or "no," they mean precisely that. "Maybe" means "this could
happen"; it does not imply "no." If you do not understand something, it is always
appropriate to ask questions. Americans ask a lot of questions. They are not afraid to
reveal their misunderstanding. If you don't tell them otherwise, Americans will think
you already understand the problems. Because of their willingness to confront topics
directly and openly, coded speech and verbosity are frequently perceived as time
wasters, which is a problem in time-pressed corporate America. As a result, when an

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impasse is established in a meeting setting, the first reaction is frequently to address it

personally and emotionally. On the other hand, Vietnamese people tend to choose
indirectness when come to business communication. Their willingness to avoid
unpleasantness can sometimes lead to great misunderstandings. "Yes" may not mean
"yes." When the Vietnamese say "No problem," you may take it to mean "Yes, there is
a problem". Check and double-check all agreements, and then actively manage them
(Vietnam - Cultural Etiquette - E Diplomat, n.d.-d)
To overall, Americans tend to communicate more directly, saying what they actually
mean. They are also more determined to discuss the issues openly and directly.
Vietnamese people, on the other hand, like to talk in a more indirect manner, and their
words may have the opposite meaning.
The two tables below demonstrate whether directness or indirectness is used in
business communication in American and Vietnamese films.

Table II.3.2.1 Directness scenes in American’s movies

Movies Time Stamp Directness Indirectness

The Pursuit of Happiness

25:36 - 25:42 x -
(2006)

The Social Network (2010) 19:55 - 20:01 x -

The Intern (2015) 11:11 - 11:16 x -

The Wolf of Wall Street 18:57 - 19:03 - x

The Godfather (1972) 2:23:26 - 2:23:50 x -

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The Office (Season 1) 8:38 - 8:45 x -

Wall Street (1987) 7:18 - 7:28 x --

The Big Short (2015) 35:35 - 36:07 x

Wall Street: Money Never

10:52 - 12:32 x x
Sleeps (2010)

Margin Call (2011) 4:47 - 7:07 x x

Table II.3.2.2 Indirectness scenes in Vietnamese’s movies

Movies Time Stamp Directness Indirectness

Phỏng vấn xin việc (Tran, x

9:50 - 10:10 -
2018)

x
Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 2) 0:36 - 1:17 -

Chuyện công sở (Hoai, x

2:00 - 2:20 x
2019)

x
Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 4) 4:12 & 5:20 x

Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 5) 8:56 - 9:02 x -

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Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 10) 3:46 – 4:02 - x

Hướng nghiệp (Ep 1 - Part

9:23 - 9:28 - x
2)

Hành trình công lý (Ep 1) 16:13 & 23:10 x x

Hành trình công lý (Ep 1) 28:32 - 28:34 x -

Cảnh Sát Hình Sự: Cuồng

35:27 - 35:31 - x
Phong (Ep 2)

Table II.3.2.3 The percentage of using indirect and direct

communication in American and Vietnamese movies.

What kind of communication style that they use in

Movies business communication?
Indirectness Directness
American 30% 90%
Vietnamese 80% 50%

The kinds of communication style that American and Vietnamese people use in
business communication are depicted in table 2.2.2.a, 2.2.2.b. While the table 2.2.2.c is
summarized as it can conclude the overview of how American and Vietnamese people
communicate with other in business communication. In America, people tend to use
direct communication (90%) rather than indirect communication (30%). Most the
American movie scenes show that they want to get into the stories or problem more
straightforward. The table also show that Vietnamese people be likely to talk in more

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implicit way (80%). However, we can see that they are also use directness in their
communication but not as much as the Americans (50%).

In short, it can be said that Vietnamese people tend to use indirect ways of business
communication to communicate with colleagues as it is affected by a part of their
culture. While in America, people tend to be more direct in communication when it
comes to business, as they are more willing to address the problems they are having.

II.3.3 Expressing emotions

Americans show their emotions in such a way that their faces and language clearly
reflect happiness and sorrow (United States - Cultural Etiquette - E Diplomat, n.d.-b).
As a result, we can see that Americans express their joy and sadness in a natural and
comfortable manner. Vietnamese people, on the other hand, often hide their sentiments
and refuse to express them; on the outside, they are joyful and smiling, but deep inside
their minds are boiling with things they do not want to express. In along with
expressing feelings, the phrases "thank you" and "sorry" appear brief yet vital in daily
life. In the article of United States - Cultural Etiquette - E Diplomat (n.d.-b), saying
"sorry" or "thank you" is wide spread in American society; they apologize when they
meet other people or for example, when they are involved in traffic accidents, or when
they do something wrong, etc. In the United States, the concept of apology and moving
towards reconciliation is a joyful and daring gesture, which is completely different
from the majority of Vietnamese, who often regard having to apologize as an act of
self-esteem. Aside from "sorry," there is a common statement in American society that
they frequently face in everyday life while speaking with them, which is "thank you,"
and they tend to say it anytime, anyplace with every action. Even if it is a minor detail,
it demonstrates the peace and joy of everyday life, whereas Vietnamese culture is
openly mysterious in South East Asia. Most Vietnamese people typically keep their
gratitude and keep it in their hearts, holding the two words "thank you" as when they
communicate with others.

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Table II.3.3.1 Expressing emotions scenes in American’s movies

Saying
Saying
Movies Time stamp “thank
“sorry”
you”

1:49:38 - 1:50:25 x x
The Pursuit of Happiness (2006)

1:11:56 - 1:12:06 x x
The Social Network (2010)

16:33 - 16:55 x x
The Intern (2015)

The Wolf of Wall Street (2013) 19:58 - 22:01 x x

The Godfather (1972) 2:21:52 - 2:21:58 x -

The Office 1:09 - 1:14 - x

Wall Street (1987) 22:56 - 23:15 x -

The Big Short (2015) 20:40 - 22:09 - -

Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps

1:56:37 - 1:57:58 - -
(2010)

Margin Call (2011) 3:23 - 3:38 x x

Table II.3.3.2 Expressing emotions scenes in Vietnam’s movies

Movies Time stamp Saying Saying

“thank

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you” “sorry”

12:25 & 23:02 x x

Phỏng vấn xin việc (Tran, 2018)

24:07 & 13:08 - -

Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 2)

18:06 - 21:01 x x
Chuyện công sở (Hoai, 2019)

34:05 & 32:06 - -

Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 4)

0:38 - 1:01 - -
Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 5)

8:17 - 8:19 - x
Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 10)

29:42 & 35:02 x x

Hướng nghiệp (Ep 1 - Part 2)

21:09 - 21:15 - x
Hành trình công lý (Ep 1)

27:36 - 30:01 x -
Hành trình công lý (Ep 1)

Cảnh Sát Hình Sự: Cuồng Phong (Ep 29:53 - 30:04 x -

2)

Table II.3.3.3 The percentage of expressing emotions in

business communication in American and Vietnamese movies.

How they expressing their emotion in business

communication?
Movies
Saying “thank you” Saying “sorry”

American 70% 60%

Vietnamese 50% 50%

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Tables 2.2.3.a and 2.2.3.b show how Americans and Vietnamese convey their emotions
in business communication. While table 2.2.3.c is simplified since it provides an
overview of how Americans and Vietnamese individuals convey their emotions in
business communication. In America, people tend to say “thank you” (70%) more than
Vietnamese people (50%). Most American movie scenes show that Americans often
say sorry (60%) when they make a mistake or have a minor inconvenience. The chart
also shows that when individuals do something for them, Vietnamese people are (50%)
less likely to say "thank you." Furthermore, we can see that they are not willing to say
"sorry" (50%) when they are troubled or make errors.

Overall, Americans communicate their joy and sadness in a natural and comfortable
way. When it comes to professional communication, the Vietnamese prefer to keep
their feelings hidden and refuse to express them.

Chapter III: CONCLUSION

III.1 Conclusion

Because Vietnam and America have many major cultural differences, the ways they
use communication styles to communicate also varies greatly. According to the
three contents, Vietnamese people choose the appropriate greeting style based on
social standing, age, and relationship at the start of the communication process.
While in contrast with Americans, they frequently chose a typical greeting with a
handshake and some opening questions. The idea of direct communication differs
significantly across the two cultures. In business, the Vietnamese prefer indirect
communication over direct communication. They are trying to avoid discussing
their negative thoughts, which frequently leads to misunderstandings. Meanwhile,
in the United States, directness in communicating is a display of trust and
commitment. When it comes to business, they are passionate about discussing
problems openly and directly. And they consider the long speeches and

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misunderstandings of the issues as a waste of time. Furthermore, the difference in

social patterns makes it more difficult to identify Vietnamese emotions in the
business communication process than Americans since Vietnamese have a
centralized culture and tend to control their emotions to maintain harmony with in
interaction process. Americans, on the other hand, have individual cultures, so they
can express themselves more clearly and comfortably, and we can easily identify
their emotions through their speech.

III.2 Recommendation

Studying on styles of communication can help us interact with others more

properly, and it is also a method for us to fit into today's multicultural business
environment. After reviewing the study, we can observe that there are significant
differences in the use of communication styles in business communication between
the United States and Vietnam. Nonetheless, having the difference does not make it
impossible to cooperate; instead, understanding the difference and using the
appropriate communication styles at the correct time can offer us an advantage in
most communication scenarios in daily today ’s business world. In order to choose
and change our approach to the most suitable communication with a business
partner, we must first establish what culture our business partner comes from.

REFERENCES
Khan, F., Upadhyay, A. K., & Chaturvedi, S. K. (2020). Communication: The Art Of
Speaking. Ilkogretim Online, 19(4), 7105-7110.
Koontz, H., O'Donnell, C., & Weihrich, H. (2005). Management, Volume I.
Interpreting Alfonsus Sirait, Erlangga, Jakarta.

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Zachwieja, A. S. (2019, April 10). US Business Etiquette | Business Culture US |

Globig. Globig |. https://globig.co/blog/a-quick-guide-to-business-etiquette-in-
the-united-states/

Vietnam - Cultural Etiquette - e Diplomat. (n.d.-b).

http://www.ediplomat.com/np/cultural_etiquette/ce_vn.htm

United States - Cultural Etiquette - e Diplomat. (n.d.).

http://www.ediplomat.com/np/cultural_etiquette/ce_us.htm

How did Vietnamese business people use to greet each other formally? (n.d.).
Moon.vn. https://moon.vn/hoi-dap/how-did-vietnamese-business-people-use-to-
greet-each-other-formally-804460

Istiaque, A. A. (2019, December 9). American Etiquettes- How people greet. USA
Admission - Study in USA, F1 Visa, Opt. https://usaadmission.com/american-
etiquettes-how-people-greet/

Hays, J. (n.d.-b). CUSTOMS AND ETIQUETTE IN VIETNAM | Facts and Details.

https://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Vietnam/sub5_9c/entry-3386.html

Udemy Editor. (2020, March 11). 3 Communication Styles and How They Affect Your

Business. Udemy Blog. https://blog.udemy.com/communication-styles/

Troester, R., & Warburton, T. L. (2001). The technical communicator as corporate

spokesperson: A public relations primer. Journal of technical writing and

communication, 31(3), 241-256.

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