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CHP 1 Introduction To Research
CHP 1 Introduction To Research
Chapter 1
Introduction to Research
By
PhD Jobs and Admission
Research Objectives
Definitions
Uses of Research Objectives
Objective written
Examples
Characteristics of Research
• Ten main characteristics of Research
• Explanation of each characteristic
वषय - सच
ू ी
अनुसंधान प रचय
• प रभाषा
• अथ
• वशेषताएं
• मह व
अनस ु ंधान के उ दे य
• प रभाषाएं
• अनुसंधान उ दे य के उपयोग
• उ दे य लखा
• उदाहरण
अनस ु ंधान के ल ण
• अनस ु ंधान क दस मु य वशेषताएं
• येक वशेषता क या या
What is Research?
The possible motives for doing research may be either one or more
of the following:
Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential
benefits.
Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems.
Desire to understand causal relationships.
Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work.
Desire to be of service to the society.
Desire to get respectability and public recognition.
अनुसंधान म ेरणा
The variables of the study include those factors that the researcher
wants to evaluate in the study. These variables narrow down the
research to several manageable components to see differences or
correlations between them.
Specifying the data collection procedure ensures data accuracy and
integrity. Thus, the probability of error is minimized.
Generalizations or conclusions based on valid arguments founded on
reliable data strengthens research findings on particular issues and
problems.
शोध उ दे य के उपयोग या ह?...
This means that any conclusion drawn is totally based upon ethical or hard
evidence gathered information collected from observations and real-life
experiences
Empirical research is based on observed and measured phenomena and derives
knowledge from actual experience rather than from theory or belief.
Empirical means research by real world experimentation and observation.
Empirical research normally involves a theory built to explain prior observations
using a small number of assumptions (axioms and laws) combined with
mathematical and logical reasoning.
Theoretical research might stop there.
Empirical research then looks to set up situations where new previously
unobserved phenomena predicted by the theory can be either confirmed or
disconfirmed, or contrasted with different predictions of a different theory.
अनस
ु ंधान अनभ
ु वज य होना चा हए
Good research is logical: This implies that research is guided by the rules
of logical reasoning and the logical process of induction and deduction are
of great value in carrying out research.
In fact, logical reasoning makes research more meaningful in the context
of decision making.
Logical – research is based on valid procedures and principles.
The research should be logical. Without manipulating ideas logically,
the scientific researcher cannot make much progress in any investigation.
This is one of the valuable characteristics of research because answering
one question leads to generating many other new questions.
शोध ता कक होना चा हए
One of the most important features of a scientific research paper is that the research
must be replicable, which means that the paper gives readers enough detailed
information that the research can be repeated (or 'replicated’).
Replicability keeps researchers honest and can give readers confidence in research.
Replication is one of the keyways scientists build confidence in the scientific merit of
results. When the result from one study is found to be consistent by another study, it is
more likely to represent a reliable claim to new knowledge.
Researchers are agreeing to replicate. You say "repeat the experiment" so it would help
to know whether this was an experimental study or something that was based on a
survey questionnaire.
अनुसंधान तकृ त होना चा हए
Research ethics are important for a number of reasons. They promote the
aims of research, such as expanding knowledge. They support the values
required for collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness. ...
They support important social and moral values, such as the principle of
doing no harm to others.
Research ethics are moral principles that guide researchers to conduct and
report research without deception or intention to harm the participants of
the study or members of the society as a whole, whether knowingly or
unknowingly.
शोध नै तक होना चा हए