ÃãÃÑOì |~°∞ 19 Zg∞ƒÜ«∞ãπ ó `«q∞à◊ ~å[H©Ü∂« Å∞ – 16

~å*Ïr 1878Ö’ K«¢H=õ iÎ "≥OHõ¢\ÏÜ«∞ JÜ«∞ºOQÍ~ü J<Õ =ÚxûѶπ L^Àºy H˘_»∞‰õΩQÍ Ñ¨Ù\Ïì~∞° . DÜ«∞# ¿Ñ~°∞ K«¢H=õ iÎ
~å[QÀáêÖÏKåi. ã≤.P~ü. Jh, ~å*Ïr Jx JO\Ï~°∞. "åà◊¡ =Ó~°∞ `«q∞à◊<å_»∞Ö’x ¿ãÅO lÖÏ¡Ö’x `À~°Ñe¨ .¡ z#flѨÙÊ_»∞
KåÖÏ J<å~ÀQƺO KÕãO≤ k. DÜ«∞# |uH˜ |@ìH_õ `» å_»x J#∞HÀÖË^∞Œ . HÍh PÜ«∞# 94 Uà◊√¡ |uHÍ_»∞. S^À U@ ‰õΩ@∞O|O
ǨÏ∏ã¨∂~°∞H˜ =∂i`Õ JHõ¯_» QÆ=~°fl"≥∞O@∞ ã¨∂¯Å∞Ö’ KÕi 1891Ö’ "≥∞¢\ H˜ ± ѨsHõ∆ áêã¨Ü∂« º_»∞. ɡOQÆ∞à◊¥~°∞Ö’ ÃãO¢@Öò HÍÖËl
#∞O_ç aÜÕ∞º, =∞¢^•ã¨∞ ¢ÃÑÃã_≥hû HÍÖËr #∞O_ç aÜ«∞Öò áêã¨Ü∂« º~°∞. 1897Ö’ K«^∞Œ =٠ѨÓ~°Ü Î ∂« ºHõ 1900 Ö’ ¿ãÅOÖ’
<åºÜ«∞"åkQÍ ¢áêH©ãì ∞¨ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ÃÑ\Ïì~∞° . uÅH± ¢Ñ㨠O¨ QÍÅKÕ ¢Ñɨ Ïè q`«∞_≥· ™êfi`«O¢`Àº^Œº=∞OÖ’ KÕi ¿ãÅO =Úxã≤áêe\©Ö’
1911Ö’ ã¨É∞íè º_çQÍ ZxflÔH,· P `«~åfi`« 1917 #∞O_ç ~Ô O_Õàá¡◊ ê@∞ K≥~· ‡° <£QÍ JÜ«∂º~°∞. HÍO¢QÔ ãπÖ’ KÕi 1906 HõÅHõ`åÎ
Ãã+¨<‰£ Ωõ XHõ _≥eQˆ \òQÍ "≥àÏ¡~∞° . ~“Å\ò K«\ÏìxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ PO^Àà◊# KÕâß~°∞.
1919Ö’ =∞Ǩ`å‡ QÍOnè ÉèÏ~°`« ™êfi`«O¢`º« ã¨O¢QÍ=∞OÖ’ KÕ~åHõ ~å*Ïr PÜ«∞# J#∞K«~∞° _çQÍ =∂~å~°∞. ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞
x~åHõ~} ° L^Œº=∞OÖ’ KÕi ¢áêH©ãì ∞¨ =kÖËâß~°∞. HÍO¢QÔ ãπ =i¯OQ∑ Hõq∞\©H˜ ZxflÔH,· [#~°Öò Ãã¢H@ õ sQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã≤ HÍO¢QÔ ãπ *ÏfÜ«∞
ã¨=∂"ÕâßÅÖ’ `«# "åQÍú\ `˜ À JO^Œsfl PHõ@∞ì‰Ωõ <åfl~°∞. Jã¨Ê $â◊º`«‰Ωõ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ 1924–25Ö’ [iy# "≥H· À"£∞ ã¨`庢QÇÆ Ï¨ O
("≥H· À"£∞Ö’ ÃÑiÜ«∂~ü QÆ∞iOz ~åã≤#k QÆ∞~°∞OÎ ^•?)Ö’ áêÅ∞ ѨOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.1930 Å <å\˜H˜ ~å*Ïr HÍO¢QÔ ãπÖ’ XHõ ÃÑ^ŒÌ
b_»~∞° QÍ QÆ∞iÎOѨ|_®¤~∞° . 1930Ö’ QÍOnè QÍ~°∞ JHõ¯_» ^ŒO_ç ã¨`庢QÇÆ Ï¨ O KÕ¿ãÎ ~ÚHõ¯_» ~å*Ïr "Õ^•~°}ºOÖ’ J@∞=O\˜
áê^ŒÜ∂« ¢`Õ KÕã≤ LѨÙÊ `«Ü∂« ~°∞KÕã≤ *ˇÅ· ∞ HÔ àÏ¡~∞° . `«q∞à◊ HÍO¢QÔ ãπ Hõq∞\©H˜ J^躌 ‰õΩ∆ _çQÍ ZxflHõÜ∂« º~°∞. 1937 ZxflHõÅÖ’
HÍO¢QÔ ãπ ZxflHõÅÖ’ áÈ\© KÕÜ∂« Åx "åkOz <≥QÍæ~∞° .
P ZxflHõÅÖ’ =∞¢^•ã¨∞ ¢ÃÑã≤_h≥ ûÖ’ HÍO¢QÔ ãπ áêsì <≥yOæ k. ~å*Ïr =ÚYº=∞O¢u JÜ«∂º~°∞. ~Ô O_»= ¢ÑѨ O¨ K« Ü«Ú^ŒOú Ö’
WO_çÜ∂« áêÖÁæO@∞#fl^Œx "≥¢· ™êÜü∞ ¢ÑH¨ @ õ # KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ#∞ Z=sfl ã¨O¢Ñk¨ OK«#O^Œ∞‰õΩ x~°ã#¨ QÍ HÍO¢QÔ ãπ
=∞O¢u=~åæÅ∞ 1939Ö’ ~år<å=∂ KÕ¿ã=~°‰Äõ P Ѩ^qŒ Ö’ H˘#™êQÍ~°∞. ¢Ñ`¨ º« i÷QÍ xez# ¢ÑH¨ Íâ◊O QÍix ~å*Ïr ZÖÏ
U_çÑO≤ K«∞‰õΩx u<åfl~À ¢H`˜ O« "å~°O "åºã¨OÖ’ HÍã¨Î ~åâß#∞ Hõ^•. WOHÍ q=~åÅ∞ HÍ"åÅO>Ë ¢ÑH¨ Íâ◊OQÍi P`«‡Hõ^Œä K«^"Œ åe.
¢Ñ㨠∞¨ `Î O« ~åã¨∞#Î flk `«q∞à◊ ~å[H©Ü∂« Å∞ HÍ|\ì̃ ~å*ÏrH˜ `«q∞à◊ ¢áêO`«OÖ’ Z^Œ∞~Ô #· ¢Ñ`¨ º« ~°∞Å÷ ∞, "åi =∞^躌 [iy# H˘\Ï¡@Ö’¡
¢^qŒ _» áêsìÅ∞ ZÖÏ ÃÑH· ˜ =KåÛ~Ú J#fl^•xÃÑ· ^Œ$+≤ì ÃÑ_»^•O.
`«q∞à◊ ~å[H©Ü∂« Ö’¡ ~å*ÏrH˜ ¢Ñ`¨ º« i÷QÍ xez#"åiÖ’ ã¨`º« =¸iÎ, PÜ«∞# t+¨µº_»∞ HÍ=∞~å*ò ¢Ñ^¨ =Œä ÚÅ∞. HÍ=∞~å*ò
=∂¢`O« ¢ÑH¨ Íâ◊O, ~å*ÏrÅ =∞^躌 XHÀ¯™êi XH˘¯Hõ¯ix ã¨=∞i÷ã∂¨ Î KåÖÏ P@ÖË P_ç, z=~°‰Ωõ `«<Õ ÃÑ^ŒÌ b_»~∞° JÜ«∂º~°∞.
ã¨`º« =¸iÎ u~°∞=∂Ü«∞OÖ’ 1887Ö’ [x‡OKå~°∞. JO>Ë ~å*Ïr Hõ#fl 9 Uà◊√¡ z#fl. =∞¢^•ã¨∞ ¢Hã˜ Ü ì≤ ∞« <£ HÍÖËrÖ’ _ç¢w K«kq,
`«~åfi`« ÖÏ K«k"å~°∞. ™êfi`«O¢`º« ã¨=∞~°OÖ’ ^Œ∂HÍ~°∞. =∞Oz QÆ∞iÎOѨ٠`≥K∞« Û‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. 1919Ö’ =∂O>ËQ∞Æ –Kè"≥ ∞£ ûѶ~¨ ¤ü ã¨O㨯~°}Å#∞,
~“Å\ò K«\Ïìxfl HÍO¢QÔ ãπ =ºuˆ~H˜Oz#ѨÙ_»∞ ¢a\˜+π *Ï~ÚO\ò áê~°"¡ ∞≥ O@s Hõq∞\©"å~°∞ g∞ `«~Ñ° Ù¨¶ # Z=i<≥<· å ¢Ñu¨ xkäx ѨOÑ≤
"åkOK«=∞<åfl~°∞. JѨÙÊ_»∞ HÍO¢QÔ ãπ ¢Ñu¨ x^ä∞Œ Ö’¡ XHõiQÍ ã¨`º« =¸iÎ "≥àÏ¡~∞° . ¢a\˜+µ¨ ¢Ñɨ ∞íè `«fiO ¢HO˜ `« U~°Ê~°KÕ Öˇl¿ãK¡ ~« Ö¡° ’
(âßã¨#ã¨É)íè áêÖÁæ#‰õÄ_»^xŒ QÍOnèr Jaè¢áêÜ«∞Ѩ_`ç Õ ã¨`º« =¸iÎ z`«~Î O° [<£ ^•ãπ, "≥∂fÖÏÖò <≥¢Ç˙ ¨ Å`À Hõeã≤ QÍOnè
Jaè¢áêÜ«∂xfl =ºuˆ~H˜OKå~°∞. Jn PÜ«∞# QÆ\òû !
1930Ö’ ~å*Ïr `«q∞à◊<å_»∞ HÍO¢QÔ ãπ J^躌 ‰õΩ∆ _ç ѨQÍæÅ∞ ã¨`º« =¸iÎH˜ JѨÊyOKå~°∞. 1937 ZxflHõÅÖ’ HÍO¢QÔ ãπ QÔ Å∞ѨÙH˜
KåÖÏ ¢âq◊ ∞OKå~°∞. ~å*Ïr HÍa<≥\òÖ’ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ ™ê÷#O ^ŒH¯õ ÖË^∞Œ . 1939Ö’ =∞¢^•ã¨∞ "Õ∞Ü«∞~ü JÜ«∂º~°∞. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’<Õ
=∞¢^•ã¨∞ `åQÆ∞h\˜ ã¨=∞㨺 f~°Û_®xH˜ ѨtÛ=∂# ѨÓO_ô =^ŒÌ i[~åfiÜ«∞~ü Hõ\ Oì˜ Kå~°∞. HÍh Jk ѨÓ~°=Î ‰õΩO_®<Õ 1943Ö’
`«# 56 = ÜÕ∞@ =∞~°}O˜ Kå~°∞. ã¨`º« =¸iÎ ~å[H©Ü∞« t+¨µº_≥#· HÍ=∞~å*ò P i[~åfiÜ«∞~ü#∞ ã¨`º« =¸iÎ ¿Ñ~° ÃÑ\ì̃OK«_"» ∞Õ
HÍHõ, HÍO¢QÔ ãπ Éè=í <åxH˜ ã¨`º« =¸iÎ Éè=í <£ Jx ¿Ñ~°∞ ÃÑ\Ïì~∞° . ~å*Ïr, ã¨`º« =¸iÎ ~Ú^Œ~Ì ∂° ¢ÉÏǨχ}∞ÖË. HÍ=∞~å*ò "≥#∞Hõ
|_ç# =~åæʼnõΩ K≥Ok# <å_®~ü ‰õΩÅã¨∞_Î ∞» . H˜fi\ò ~ÚO_çÜ∂« L^Œº=∂xfl ~å*Ïr =ºuˆ~H˜¿ãÎ ã¨`º« =¸iÎ |ÅѨiKå~°∞. H˜fi\ò
WO_çÜ∂« ã¨O^Œ~ƒ° Où QÍ =ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « ã¨`庢QÇÆ Ï¨ O [~°∞ѨÙ`«∞#fl ã¨`º« =¸iÎx =∞Ǩ~å¢+Öì̈ ’x J=∞~å=u *ˇÅ· ∞H˜ `«~e° ã¨∂OÎ _»QÍ
"≥<fl≥ =ÚHõ ^≥|ƒ ux P QÍÜ«∞O`À<Õ PÜ«∞# =∞~°}O˜ Kå~°∞. huH˜, x*Ï~ÚfH˜ =∂~°∞¿Ñ~°∞QÍ xez# ã¨`º« =¸iÎH˜ 'nè~∞° _»∞—
(nè~~° )ü J<Õ a~°∞^Œ∞ =ÙOk.
WHõ HÍ=∞~å*ò QÆ∞iOz ‰õÄ_® HÍã¨Î `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë =ÚYºáê¢`Å« ѨiK«Ü∞« O ѨÓ~°=Î Ù`«∞Ok. ^ŒH}∆˜ `«q∞à◊<å_»∞Ö’ q~°∞^Œ#QÆ~Öü ’
<å_®~ü ‰õΩ@∞O|OÖ’ 1903Ö’ (JO>Ë ã¨`º« =¸iÎ HõO>ˇ 16 Uà◊√,¡ ~å*Ïr HõO>ˇ 25 Uà◊√¡ z#fl J#fl=∂@) ѨÙ\Ïì_∞» . J`«x
`«O¢_ç H˘|ƒiHÍÜ«∞Å "åºáêi. HÍ=∞~å*ò P~°= ÜÕ∞@ `«O¢_ç =∞~°}O˜ Kå_»∞. #QÆÅq∞‡ `«e¡ ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏxfl áÈ+≤OK«~å=Åã≤
~å=_»O`À HÍ=∞~å*ò K«^∞Œ =Ù P~À HÍ¡ã∞¨ H˜ q∞Oz ™êQÆÖ^Ë ∞Œ . 11 = ÜÕ∞@ ã¨∂¯Å∞ =∂<ÕÜ∞« _»O`À PÜ«∞#‰õΩ `«q∞à◊O `«Ñʨ "Õ̂~
ÉèÏ+¨ `≥eÜ«∞‰õΩO_® áÈ~ÚOk. D H˘kÌáê\˜ K«^∞Œ =Ù`À<Õ PÜ«∞# J`«ºO`« ã¨=∞~°=÷ O`«OQÍ `«q∞à◊<å_»∞#∞ =ÚYº=∞O¢u
Ǩϟ^•Ö’ áêeOK«_"» ∞Õ HÍ^Œ∞, *ÏfÜ«∞ ~å[H©Ü∂« ʼnõΩ "≥o¡ JHõ¯_® KåÖÏHÍÅO K«¢HOõ uáêÊ~°∞. <≥¢Ç˙ ¨ =∞~°}Ï#O`«~O° , ÖÏÖò
|ǨÏ^Œ∂~ü âߢãÎ≤ =∞~°}Ï#O`«~O° ¢Ñ^¨ •è x JÜÕ∞º Kèå#∞û =zÛ<å ''<å‰õΩ Ç≤ÏOn HÍx, WOw¡+µ¨ HÍx ã¨iQÍæ ~å^Œ∞. <Õ#∞ ^Õâßxfl
UÅÖË#∞—— JO@∂ u~°ã¯¨ iOKå~°O\Ï~°∞. PÜ«∞# Jaè=∂#∞Å∞ PÜ«∞xfl ''Ѩ_Hç ͯ^Œ "Õ∞^≥—· — (K«^∞Œ =ÙHÀx "Õ∞^è•q) JO\Ï~°∞.
(ã¨â+ı O¨ ) – Zg∞ƒÜ«∞ãπ ¢Ñ™¨ ê^£ (ÃãÃÑOì |~°∞ 2011)