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 COMMERCIAL REMEDIES:
RESOLVING CONTROVERSIES

The law of commercial remedies gives rise to a number of important

doctrinal, theoretical and practical controversies which deserve sustained
and rigorous examination. This volume explores such controversies
and suggests solutions directed at ensuring that the law is defensible,
clear and just. With contributions from twenty-three leading academic
and practitioner experts, this book addresses significant issues in the law
which, taken together, range across the entire remedial jurisdiction as it
applies to commercial disputes. The book focuses primarily on the
resolution of controversies in the English law of commercial remedies,
but recent developments elsewhere are also considered, especially in other
common law jurisdictions. The result is a remarkably comprehensive
coverage of the field which will be of relevance to academics, students,
judges and practitioners. The aim has been to deal with the law as at
1 November 2016.

The chapters in this volume are the product of a conference held

in Cambridge under the auspices of the Cambridge Private Law Centre,
co-directed by Graham Virgo and Sarah Worthington.

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 C O M M E R C I A L R E M E D I E S:
RESOLVING
CONTROVERSIES
Edited by
GRAHAM VIRGO QC (HON)
University of Cambridge

SARAH WORTHINGTON QC (HON), FBA

University of Cambridge

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DOI: 10.1017/9781316759905
© Cambridge University Press 2017
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and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2017
Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Virgo, Graham, editor. | Worthington, Sarah, editor
Title: Commercial remedies : resolving controversies / edited by Graham Virgo,
Sarah Worthington.
Description: Cambridge [UK] ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017003192 | ISBN 9781107171329 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Commercial law – England. | Remedies (Law) – England. |
BISAC: LAW / Corporate.
Classification: LCC KD1629 .C667 2017 | DDC 346.4207–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017003192
ISBN 978-1-107-17132-9 Hardback
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 CONTENTS

List of Contributors page viii

Acknowledgements x
Table of Cases xi

PART I . Introduction 1
1 Commercial Remedies: Identifying Themes
and Controversies 3
g r a h a m vi r g o a n d s a r a h w o r t h i n g t o n
2 On the Nature and Function of Remedies for Breach
of Contract 23
jonathan morgan
PART I I . Specific Remedies 49
3 Repudiation: Keeping the Contract Alive 51
j a n e t o’ s u l l i v a n
4 Termination and the Agreed Sum 75
andrew summers
5 Specific Performance and Change of Mind 98
m i n d y ch e n - w i s h a r t
6 Injunctions in Tort and Contract 127
p a u l s da v i e s
7 Rescission 151
nicholas j mcbride
8 Remedies for Vindicating Ownership Rights in Real
Property 173
a m y go y m o u r

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 vi c o n t en t s

PART II I . Monetary Remedies 203

9 Performance Damages 205
c h a r l i e we b b
10 Proving Contract Damages 228
adam kramer
11 Interest 247
andrew burrows
12 Actionable Loss of a Chance 272
sarah green
13 Gain-based Remedies 292
gr a h a m v i r g o
14 Exemplary Damages 318
j a m e s g o ud k a m p
PART IV . Agreed and Party-Specific
Remedies 341
15 Express Termination Clauses 343
richard hooley
16 Penalty Clauses 366
s a r a h w or th i n gt o n
17 Deposit Clauses 390
carmine conte
18 Flawed Assets Clauses 414
l o u i s e g u l li f e r
19 Subrogation 437
s t e p h en w a t t e r s o n
20 Equitable Set-off 465
pg t urner
PART V . Special Contexts 489
21 Commercial Remedies in International Cases 491
louise merrett

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 c o n te n t s vii

22 Remedies of the Criminal Courts 515

m a t t h e w dy s o n a n d p au l j a r v i s
PART V I . The Future 543
23 Codification of Remedies for Breach of Commercial
Contracts: A Blueprint 545
neil andrews

Index 568

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 CONTRIBUTORS

neil andrews is Professor of Civil Justice and Private Law at the

University of Cambridge

andrew burro ws qc is Professor of the Law of England at the

University of Oxford

m i n d y ch e n - w i s h a r t is Professor of the Law of Contract at the

University of Oxford

ca rmine c onte is formerly a Fellow at Homerton College,

Cambridge

p a u l s d a v i es is Associate Professor of Law at the University of

Oxford

matthew dyson is Associate Professor of Law at the University of

Oxford

j a m e s go u d k a m p is Associate Professor of Law at the University of

Oxford

a m y go y m o u r is University Lecturer in Law at the University of

Cambridge

sarah green is Associate Professor of Law at the University of Oxford

l o u is e g u ll if er is Professor of Commercial Law at the University of

Oxford

r i c h a r d h o o l e y is University Lecturer in Law at the University of

Cambridge
viii

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 list of co ntr ibutors ix

paul jarvis is a Barrister at 6 King’s Bench Walk, London

adam kramer is a Barrister at 3 Verulam Buildings, London

nicholas j mcb ride is College Lecturer in Law at Pembroke College,

Cambridge

l o u i s e m e r r e t t is Reader in International Commercial Law at the

University of Cambridge

jonathan mor gan is University Senior Lecturer in Law at the

University of Cambridge

janet o’sull ivan is University Senior Lecturer in Law at the

University of Cambridge

andrew summers is Associate Professor of Law at the London School

of Economics

p g turn er is University Lecturer in Law at the University of Cambridge

graham virgo qc is Professor of English Private Law at the University

of Cambridge

st ephen w atte rson is University Lecturer in Law at the University

of Cambridge

charlie webb is Lecturer in Law at the London School of Economics

sa rah w orthington qc is Downing Professor of the Laws of

England at the University of Cambridge

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The editors wish to note their gratitude for the financial support and
encouragement from Clifford Chance, which funded the symposium on
commercial remedies in July 2015. We also wish to thank Christopher
Jenkins, Rachel Leow and Liron Shmilovits for their editorial assistance
in the preparation of this volume.

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 TABLE OF CASES

A v Bottrill [2002] UKPC 44, [2003] 1 AC 449, 555

Abbey Developments Ltd v PP Brickwork Ltd [2003] EWHC 1987 (TCC), 362–363
Abdel Hadi Abdallah Al Qahtani & Sons Beverage Industry Co v Antliff [2010] EWHC
1735 (Comm), 506–507
Abu Dhabi National Tanker Co v Product Star Shipping Ltd (The Product Star) (No 2)
[1993] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 397, 72–73
AB v CD [2014] EWCA Civ 229, [2015] 1 WLR 771, 43, 149–150
AB v South West Water Services Ltd [1993] QB 507 (CA), 318
Acer Investment Management Ltd v The Mansion Group Ltd [2014] EWHC 3011,
360–361
Actavis UK Ltd v Eli Lilly & Co [2014] EWHC 1511 (Pat), [2014] 4 All ER 331, 491–492,
512–514
Addis v Gramophone Co Ltd [1909] AC 488, 321–322, 328–329, 339–340, 555
Aerospace Publishing v Thames Water Utilities Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 3, [2007] Bus LR
726, 242–243
Agnew v Commissioner for Inland Revenue [2001] UKPC 28, [2001] 2 AC 710, 425
A-G of Belize v Belize Telecom Ltd [2009] UKPC 10, [2009] 1 WLR 1988,
360–365
Ahmad and Another, R v [2014] UKSC 36, [2015] AC 299, 535
AIB Group (UK) plc v Mark Redler and Co [2014] UKSC 58, [2015] AC 1503, 311
Ailsa Craig Fishing Co Ltd v Malvern Fishing Co Ltd [1983] 1 WLR 964, 43
Akai Holdings Ltd v RSM Robson Rhodes LLP [2007] EWHC 1641 (Ch), 148
Akici v LR Butlin Ltd [2005] EWCA Civ 1296, 349
Alfa Finance Holdings AD v Quarzwerke GmbH [2015] EWHC 243, 102
Alfred McAlpine Construction Ltd v Panatown Ltd [2001] 1 AC 518, 219–226, 399
Allcard v Skinner (1887) 36 Ch D 145, 157
Allen v Sir Alfred MacAlpine & Sons Ltd [1968] 2 QB 229 (CA), 231
Allied Maples Group Ltd v Simmons & Simmons [1995] 1 WLR 1602 (CA), 233–235,
239–240, 272–273, 274–277, 287–289
Alpha Trading Ltd v Dunnshaw-Patten Ltd [1981] QB 290 (CA), 92
Amaca Pty Ltd v Booth [2011] HCA 53, (2011) 283 ALR 461, 290
Amble Assets LLP (In Administration) v Longbenton Foods Ltd [2011] EWHC 3774, 397
Amec Developments Ltd v Jury’s Hotel Management (UK) Ltd [2001] 1 EGLR 81, 132

xi

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 xii t a b l e of c a s e s
AMEC Properties Ltd v Planning Research & Systems Plc [1992] 1 EGLR 70 (CA), 122
American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon Ltd (No 1) [1975] AC 396, 296
AMEV UDC Finance Ltd v Austin (1986) 162 CLR 170 (HCA), 372
Anchor Brewhouse Developments Ltd v Berkley House (Docklands Developments) Ltd
[1987] 2 EGLR 173, 128
Andrews v ANZ Banking Group Ltd [2012] HCA 30, (2012) 247 CLR 205, 368,
374–375, 391
Anfield (UK) v Bank of Scotland plc [2010] EWHC 2374 (Ch), [2011] 1 WLR 2414,
444–445, 454–455
Anglia Television v Reed [1972] 1 QB 60, 242, 244–245
Antaios Compania SA v Salen Rederierna AB (The Antaios) [1985] AC 191
(HL), 346
Araci v Fallon [2011] EWCA Civ 668, [2011] LLR 440, 147–148
Archer v Brown [1985] QB 401 (QBD), 336
Aries Tanker Corp v Total Transport Ltd [1977] 1 WLR 185 (HL), 471, 474–476
Armory v Delamirie (1722) 1 Strange 505, 93 ER 664, 229–232
Armstrong DLW GmbH v Winnington Networks Ltd [2012] EWHC 10 (Ch), [2013] Ch
156, 315
Arnold v Britton [2015] UKSC 36, [2015] AC 1619, 69–74, 346
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113–114, 148
ASM Shipping Ltd of India v TTMI Ltd of England (‘The Amer Energy’) [2009] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep. 293 (QB), 547–548
Asphaltic Wood Pavement Co, Re (1885) 30 Ch D 216, 430
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Buitrago) [1976] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 250 (CA), 60, 62–63, 82, 91, 124–125
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299–300, 301–302, 304–306, 307, 549–551
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445, 450, 454–455
Barclays Bank Plc v Boulter [1999] 1 WLR 1919, 152

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 t a b l e of ca s e s xiii
Barclays Bank v O’Brien [1994] 1 AC 180, 152
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Boucher, R v [1955] SCR 16, 530

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 xiv t a b l e of c a s e s
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 xvi t a b l e of c a s e s
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