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PHN A: TNG QUAN SN BAY QUC T NNG 1. Gii thiu: Nm v tr trung l ca Vit Nam, cng hng khng quc t Nng - mt trong ba cng hng khng quc t ti Vit Nam - l cng hng khng ch o phc v nhu cu giao thng hng khng quc t v ni a cho thnh ph Nng v cc tnh xung quanh. y l im i - n ca khong 20 chuyn bay trong nc v quc t vi trn 1500 lt khch thng qua mi ngy.

Cng hng khng quc Nng c hai ng bng ct h cnh, c trang b h thng n tn hiu, cc h thng ph tr dn ng v h cnh chnh xc (ILS, DVOR\DME, NDB), cc h thng radar s cp- th cp hin i, cc h thng quan trc v pht tin d bo kh tng tin tin, h thng thng trc khn nguy, cc h thng phc v sn hin i c kh nng phc v cc loi my bay thng mi c ln nh Boeing 747, Boeing 777, AN-124, MD-11 ct h cnh trong mi iu kin thi tit. Vi v tr a l c bit, Nng l im trung chuyn l tng cho cc ng bay quc t ng- Ty (A1, A901) v Bc Nam (W1) qua lnh th Vit Nam.
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Nng hin ng vai tr chuyn tip quan trng cho cc tuyn bay quc ni t H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh i cc tnh khu vc min Trung, ni hai u t nc vi cc a phng xa xi, ng thi l ca ng hng khng quc t duy nht ti min Trung Vit Nam. Thnh ph Nng khng nhng l thnh ph cng bin nhn nhp trong sut cc thp k qua m ngy nay cn l cng hng khng quc t. Thnh ph ngy nay rt t ho v cc gi tr vn ho lu i cng nh s pht trin cc khu ngh mt hin i trong thi gian gn y. Khu vc xung quang Nng tht ni bt bi cc di sn vn ho th gii hi t v y M Sn - Hi An - Hu, ngoi ra y cng l ni c nhiu phong cnh thin nhin tuyt vi, l bi bin ni ting th gii China Beach, l mt B N- Lt ca min Trung, l Ng Hnh Sn y huyn thoi.

Cng hng khng quc t Nng ng vai tr rt quan trng trong s pht trin kinh t ca a phng v khu vc. Vi v tr c bit l nm trung l trn trc Bc- Nam ca Vit Nam, cng hng khng ny tr thnh mt u mi trung chuyn ti cc cng hng khng khc trog khu vc min Trung. L mt trong ba cng hng khng quc t ti Vit Nam, cng hng khng chng ti l u mi giao thng quan trng bc nht Trung B, l cnh ca ca min Trung ng thi l ca ng quc t th 3 ca Vit Nam. Tuy nhin vi hin trng v c s h tng, cng hng khng khng th p ng cc tiu chun quc t trong tng lai nu khi lng hnh khch tng trng theo

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d bo. Tc tng trng hng nm ca chng ti t 28.7%. Nng lc ca nh ga hin hu khng cn kh nng tip nhn v x l mt khi lng khch tng vt, trong khi dy chuyn cng ngh thiu ng b, trang thit b gi nua v s si. Cc cng trnh v h tng ca cng hng khng mt cn i nghim trng. Do , nhu cu bc thit hin nay l phi xy dng mt nh ga hnh khch vi dy chuyn cng ngh hin i t tiu chun quc t. K hoch pht trin kinh t x hi khu vc min Trung ca Chnh ph l mt yu t tch cc cho d n xy dng mt cng hng khng hin i ti Nng. K hoch pht trin cng hng khng v s pht trin kinh t ca vng lnh th lin quan rt cht ch. Do k hoch ca Chnh ph khng th thc hin c, nu nh cng hng khng Nng khng c m rng, hin i ho nhm nng cao kh nng phc v vn chuyn hng ho v hnh khch cho s pht trin ca khu vc. D kin cng hng khng mi vi chi ph u t trong giai on 1 ln n 70 triu la s c d kin khi cng xy dng vo nm 2003 n nm 2005 a vo khai thc v s dng. Tn giao dch chnh thc l cng hang khng quc t Nng (DaNang International Airport). Sn bay ny do Cm cng hng khng Min Trung(mt c quan ca cc hng khng dn dng Vit Nam) qun l. M IATA : DAD (theo tn ca thnh ph Nng). (International Air
Transport Association: Hip hi cng hng ko quc t)

M ICAO : VVDN. (International Civil Aviation Organization: T chc hng ko dn

dng quc t)

2. Lch s:

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Sn bay c xy dng t nm 1940. Trong thi gian chin tranh Vit Nam cho n 1975, sn bay Nng l cn c khng qun ca qun i M v Khng lc qun i Vit Nam cng ho.
3. H tng k thut:

Cng hng khng quc t Nng c hai ng bng ct v h cnh, c trang b h thng n tn hiu, cc h thng ph tr dn ng ct v h cnh chnh xc(ILS, DVOR/DME, NDB), cc h thng radar s cp-th cp hin i, cc h thng quan trc v pht tin d bo kh tng tin tin, h thng thng trc khn nguy, cc h thng phc v sn hin i c kh nng phc v cc loi my bay thng mi c ln nh Boeing 747, Boeing 777, Airbus A340, Airbus A330, Antonov 124 ct h cnh trong mi iu kin thi tit.
4. C cu t chc:

5. D n nh ga hnh khch mi:

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S ga hnh khch quc t Theo bo co nghin cu kh thi c ph duyt, nh ga quc t mi c tng cng mc t khong 74 triu USD, c thit k hin i, c cng sut 4 triu khch/ nm v c th nng cp thm. Hin ti, thit k k thut ang c mt cng ty t vn H Lan trin khai. Vic xy dng s ko di trong 2 nm. Sau khi hon thnh, cng vi nh ga hin ti, sn bay ny s c nng lc n tip 6 triu khch/nm, tip nhn 400.000 1 triu tn hng/nm. 6. Nng lc: Sn bay quc t Nng c kh nng n cc my bay loi ln nh Boeing 777 v Airbus A330. Kh nng tip nhn hin ti l 400.000 tn hng v 2.5 triu hnh khch. Ph sn bay cho cc chuyn bay quc t l 8 USD.
7. Cc hng hng khng hot ng:

Pacific Airlines (H Ni, Thnh ph H Ch Minh) PBAir (Bng Cc) SilkAir (Singapore) Tiger Airway (Singapore)

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Vietnam Airlines (Bun Ma Thut, H Ni, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, Nha Trang, Pleiku, Qui Nhn) Cc im i, n ng Nam : Thi Lan - Bng Cc (Sn bay quc t Bangkok, BKK) (bng PBAir) Singapore (Sn bay quc t Changi Singapore, SIN) (bng SilkAir, Tiger Airways)
Vit Nam: Bun Ma Thut (Sn bay Bun Ma Thut, BMV) (bng Vietnam Airlines)

H Ni (Sn bay quc t Ni Bi) (bng Vietnam Airlines, Pacific Airlines) Thnh ph H Ch Minh (Sn bay quc t Tn Sn Nht, SGN) (bng Vietnam Airlines, Pacific Airlines) Nha Trang (Sn bay Cam Ranh, CXR) (bng Vietnam Airlines) Plieku (Sn bay Pleiku, PXU) (bng Vietnam Airlines) Qui Nhn (Sn bay Ph Ct, UIH) (bng Vietnam Airlines)

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PHN B: C BN V H THNG DN NG HNG KHNG CHNG 1: I DN NG NDB 1. nh ngha : i NDB(Non Directional Beacon) l i pht sng di, pht ra v hng km theo i nhm mc ch ph tr khng vn trong c hai ch : H cnh (Landing) (hnh 1-1) Dn ng (Enroute) (hnh 1-2) cc nc ang pht trin v ngnh hng khng nh nc ta, th vic s dng NDB rt kh thi v n mang li hiu qu kinh t cao. c bit trong vic o to nhn vin k thut t tn km.
2. Chc nng nhim v ca i dn ng NDB: Khi NDB lm chc nng i gn, i xa (Locator): N gip cho my bay xc

nh c trc ng bng h cnh (ch Landing). V d: i DJ, i D xc nh trc ng bng 35R (Sn bay Nng). Khi NDB lm chc nng i im cho mt sn bay: N gip cho my bay xc nh c hng bay v sn bay sau h cnh theo phng thc bng mt. Khi NDB lm chc nng i im cho mt ng bay: N c t ni giao im hai khng l hay gia mt khng l, n gip my bay ng khng l.
3. Cc yu cu k thut i vi NDB: 3.1. Di tn s lm vic (Radio frequencies):

Di tn lm vic ca i NDB nm trong khong (190-1750) KHz. Vi sai s tn s cho php f 0.01% so vi tn s lm vic. Trong trng hp i NDB c cng sut pht ln hn 200W v tn s lm vic ln hn 1606.5 KHz th f yu cu l 0.005%.

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Vi cc i Locator lm nhim v kt hp b tr cho h thng ILS th tn s lm vic gia hai i pht phi cch nhau mt khong f v c qui nh l 15KHz < f < 25KHz. 3.2. Cng sut pht: Cng sut pht ca i NDB phi c m bo ph sng ng vi mt c ly nht nh tu thuc vo nhim v ca i. Trong ch Landing: t 10-20 Km Trong ch Enroute : t 25-250 Km Cng sut pht ca mt i NDB khng c vt qu 2dB so vi mc cn thit m bo tm ph sng ca c ly cho php. 3.3. iu ch: Phn iu ch ca i NDB, trong qu trnh iu chnh cn ch 2 tham s: Tn s m thanh iu ch: tiu chun 1020 50 Hz, tiu chun 400 25 Hz. su iu ch 95% 3.4. Tn hiu nhn dng: S dng m Morse quc t Tc 7 t / 1 pht Ni dung: ti a l 3 t (ch hoc s)
Thi gian c php mt Ident: khng qu 1 pht.

3.5. H thng kim tra v iu khin: Tiu chun ti thiu ca h thng kim tra v iu khin ca mt i NDB gm: Cng sut: Khi cng sut -3dB phi t chuyn my (hoc tt my) Mt tn hiu nhn dng: phi t chuyn my (hoc tt my) H thng Monitor c s c: phi t chuyn my (hoc tt my) 3.6. H thng cp ngun:
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H thng cp ngun y cho mt i NDB gm 3 dng theo th t u tin sau: in mng cng nghip (AC) in my n (AC) Acquy (DC) Khi mt ngun, thi gian chuyn i t ngun ny sang ngun khc tu thuc vo chc nng ca thit b (thong thng 8 -20). H thng chuyn i l tng l h thng chuyn i t ng.
3.7. Anten:

Thng thng cc i NDB s dng cc dng Anten sau: Anten ch T Anten ch I

Anten c h s phm cht cao Polestar .

Anten c nh gi qua mt tham s gi l h s bc x ca anten. H s c nh ngha: cng sut bc x khng gian/ Cng sut u vo ca anten. H s bc x ca anten ph thuc vo cng sut u vo ca anten ( tc cng sut u vo ca my pht). Cng sut u vo cng ln i hi h s bc x ca anten cng ln tc phm cht ca anten cng cao. 3.8. V tr t i: Tu thuc vo chc nng, nhim v ca i NDB m v tr t i c xc nh. Khi NDB l i im: Nu l i im trong ch Enroute th n l giao im ca hai Airway hoc nm trn mt Airway v l tm ca Airway . Chiu cao ca anten c tnh ton ph hp vi cng sut ca my. Nu l i im trong ch Landing th n c t ti sn bay mt v tr thun li cho vic pht sng, chiu cao ca anten khng c vi phm vo tnh khng ca sn bay.
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Khi NDB l i gn, i xa: Nu l i xa chiu cao a l 18m, v tr i cch im chm bnh trn ng bng l 9000 800m. Nu l i gn, chiu cao anten ti a l 12m, v tr i cch im chm bnh trn ng bng l 1060 400m. Khi NDB l nhim v i Locator kt hp b tr cho h thng ILS th v tr ca n t v tr ca i Outer v Middle marker v nm v mt pha ca trc ng h cnh.

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CHNG 2: I VOR (VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMI RANGE) TRM V TUYN PHNG V MT T 1. nh ngha: VOR l i v tuyn phng v mt t chuyn pht ra cc tn hiu theo mi hng c km theo i hiu nhm gip cho my bay xc nh phng v ang bay. Phng v ca my bay c tnh t i ly hng bc t lm chun v xoay theo chiu kim ng h n ng trc my bay.

2. Tnh nng k thut:

Bng tn s: lm vic bng tn VHF 112MHz 118MHz. n nh ca sng mang: 2x10-5 Tm hot ng: ph thuc vo cng sut my pht

P = 200W : VOR hng A: Tm hot ng ti thiu l 200Km cao 5000 feet P = 50W : VOR hng B
Phn cc tn hiu: phn cc ngang.

i hiu: gm c 2 hoc 3 ch ci theo m lut Moorse, tn s 1020 Hz, lp sau 30 giy.

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Dng in cao tng t my pht c truyn n h thng anten ca i VOR v bc x ra ngoi khng gian theo mi phng hai tn hiu. Mi tn hiu u b iu ch bi tn hiu hnh sin tn s 30Hz c gi tn hiu chun (Reference Signal) v tn hiu thay i (Variable Signal). Tn hiu chun v tn hiu thay i c ng pha hng Bc t (Magnetic North) v hng Bc t tr i xoay theo chiu kim ng h, tn hiu thay i tr pha so vi tn hiu chun ln lt tng to thnh 360 tuyn phng v khc nhau cung cp cho my bay.
4. Thit b trn my bay: 4.1. My thu VHF: 108 118 MHz

(LOC: 108 112MHz, VOR 112 118 MHz).

4.2. ng h OBS (Omni Bearing Selector):

Chn hng phng v mun bay:

Ch th To: bay v i. Ch th From: bay khi i. C OFF: sng ln khng s dng VOR.

Ch th hng chn.
4.3. ng h ICP (ILS Cross Pointer):

Kim ng dng cho i LOC hoc i VOR Kim ngang c dng cho i GP (GS)
ng h ICP cho bit lch ca my bay so vi hng bay chn. 5. Cng dng ca VOR: c 4 cng dng 5.1 Bay quy hng: bay v i:

M my thu VHF trn tn s ca i, dng Headphone nghe i tn hiu xem c ng khng, vn OBS tuyn phng v mun bay. Nhn kim ng ca ICP li my bay. 5.2 Bay vng ch:
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Bay theo vng ch bn phi/bn tri hng bay, khi kim ng tr v v tr gia l ng tuyn. Nu ng thi gian ch th tip tc bay v i, nu khng tip tc bay vng.
5.3 Trnh khu vc cm bay:

Phi chn tuyn phng v khc ngoi khu vc cm bay, i OBS cho tuyn phng v mi nhn ICP li my bay. 5.4 p xung ng bng: Sau khi qua VOR (my bay ri khi i VOR) phi bt OBS trn gc phung v t trc tip cn vi Outer Marker p xung ng bng d dng nhanh chng.
6. u khuyt im ca VOR:

6.1. u im:
Cung cp 360 tuyn phng v cho my bay vi chnh xc 20.

t b nhiu bi thi tit nn s dng tt trong mi iu kin thi tit. Nu VOR c kt hp vi DME, n s to thnh mt h dn ng kh chnh xc gip my bay thng xuyn xc nh v tr ng bay mt cch chnh xc v khng phi qua tnh ton. 6.2 Khuyt im: V hot ng trong bng tn VHF nn tm hot ng ph thuc cao ca my bay tc l bay cng cao hot ng cng xa, bay cng thp hot ng cng thp. i hi phi c kim tra nh k: Kim tra mt t (Ground Check): trung bnh 3 thng 1 ln Kim tra bng my bay (Fly Check): trung bnh mt nm mt ln Vic kim tra bng my bay rt tn km v my bay phi c trang b cc thit b o chnh xc. CHNG 3: DME DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT I O C LY
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1. nh ngha:

DME l mt i thu pht trn tn s UHF pht ra mi hng c km theo i hiu nhm cung cp cho my bay c ly t my bay n v tr t i, y l c ly nghing l khong cch t i n my bay. Gm c hai thnh phn: Thnh phn trang b trn my bay gi l my hi: Interrogator Thnh phn t trn mt t gi l my tr li: Transponder 2. Tnh nng k thut:
2.1 Bng tn s: UHF 962MHz 1213MHz

Mode X: My hi pht trn bng tn: 1025MHz 1078MHz My tr li pht trn bng tn : 962MHz 1024MHz Mode Y: My hi pht trn bng tn: 1025 MHz 1078MHz My tr li pht trn bng tn: 1088MHz 1150MHz 2.2 Tm hot ng: Tm hot ng ti a phi t c 200NM 370Km cao 22900m. B :1mile = 1.66Km. ng hng hi, hng khng: 1NM 1.85Km.
2.3 chnh xc: Theo qui nh ca ICAO chnh xc (sai s) 3%.

i hiu: gm 3 ch ci tn i pht c m ho theo m Moorse, pht ti a 5 giy v c lp li sau 30 giy. Nu c t chung vi VOR th ch pht i hiu ca VOR.
2.4 Kh nng: mt i tr li mt t c kh nng tr li cho 100 my bay

ng thi. 3. Nguyn tc hot ng ca DME:

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Thng tin v khong cch c tnh trn my bay bng cch: my hi pht ra nhng cp xung hi ring ca mnh, i mt t thu cc tn hiu hi ny a n mch x l ri pht ra tn hiu tr li. My thu trn my bay thu cp xung tr li ca i mt t, sau nh ng h trn my bay s tnh c thi gian t lc pht n khi nhn tr li ri chuyn thnh c ly tng ng xut hin trn ng h t trc mt ngi phi cng. Khong cch c suy tnh t cng thc sau : D = (t - T)*C / 2 Trong C: vn tc truyn sng tng ng vi vn tc nh sng l 300.000 km/s t : thi gian pht tn hiu hi n khi nhn c tn hiu tr li T : thi gian tr li b pht p vi gi tr l: T = 50 s i vi mode X T = 60 s i vi mode Y 4. Quy nh ca ICAO v knh v m hi p: Chc nng ca b p di mt t l nhn nhng tn hiu gi n n m khng bn tm v ngun gc ca chng v tr li li sau mt thi gian tr xc nh. B phn hi tn my bay nhn phn hi ring ca n v nhn c phn hi tong ng ca nhng b phn hi khc. phn bit nhng phn hi ring oc ng b vi nhng tn hiu hi v do c th tch bit c. 4.1 Knh: Tn hiu hi v tn hiu tr li bao gm cc xung rng 3.5s trn di tn s 962 1213MHz. Trong t chc hng khng quc t ICAO nh r 126 knh theo kiu X v 126 knh theo kiu Y cch nhau 1MHz. Mi knh gm c mt tn s sng hi v mt tn s sng p cch nhau 63MHz. 4.2 M: M hi: 12s cho nhng knh kiu X, 36s cho nhng knh kiu Y.

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M p: 12s cho nhng knh kiu X, 30s cho nhng knh kiu Y. Tn s ca b hi l 150 pps (pair pulse/second) trong sut qu trnh tm kim, cho n khi nhn c thng tin khong cch, sau gim xung 30 pps.
5. Cng dng: c 4 cng dng ging nh VOR. Tt c cc i DME u c kt

hp vi VOR hoc ILS. 5.1 Bay quy hng: Chn gc phng v mun bay bng cch bt OBS gc phng v , nhn kim ng li my bay li ng phng v v nhn ng h DME bit c ly. Trong qu trnh bay vng phi cng lun lun bit c hng ng bay v c ly bay c nn thng xuyn xc nh c v tr ng bay ca mnh kh chnh xc v khng phi qua tnh ton. Khi bay ti nh i th ng h DME ch con s nh nht, lc c ly ca my bay bng cao ca my bay. 5.2 Bay vng ch 1.3 Trnh khu vc cm bay: Nhn c lnh t mt t l cch i mt khong cch no c mt khu vc cm bay, ngi phi cng phi chn hng bay mi bay vng trnh. Khi bay ti khong cch nh th phi i hng bay bng cch vn OBS trn gc phng v mi mun bay ri nhn kim ng li my bay, li lm sao kim nm gia l ng tuyn. 5.4 p xung ng bng: Bay ti i VOR/DME t gn sn bay, khi bay khi i phi bt OBS trn gc phng v t trc tip cn, h cnh bng cc thit b NDB hoc cc thit b ph tr khc. 6. u khuyt im:

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6.1 u im: Nh cung cp c ly cho my bay nn vic xc nh v tr ca my bay ang bay c chnh xc do vic kim sot khng lu c d dng. 6.2 Khuyt im: Ph tn v trang thit b cao v k thut phc tp. Ch o c c ly nghing ca my bay n i.

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CHNG 4: ILS (INSTRUMENT LOADING SYSTEM) 1.nh ngha: ILS l mt h thng cc thit b mt t v trn my bay m bo cho t li thng tin v hng v mc x dch ca my bay khi qu o h cnh nh trc. Ngi ta dng cc trm pht mt t l i hng (LOC) v i gc (GP). i LOC: nhm gip my bay p xung ng bng ng trc ngha l ng chnh gia ng bng. C th xem i LOC to nn mt phng ng (L) i qua trc ng bng.
i GP (Glide Scope/ Glide Path): nhm gip my bay p xung ng bng

ng dc p quy nh ca sn bay (20 40 ). C th xem i GP to nn mt phng qu o h cnh G. Mt phng ny to vi mt phng ng bng gc v ct ng bng ti im h cnh c nh trc. Giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (L) v (G) chnh l ng dn cho my bay h cnh.

Ngoi hai i hng v i gc, h thng ILS cn c i DME l ba i pht mc Marker. i DME: cho bit c ly t my bay n v tr t i.

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Ba i Marker: nm trn trc ng bng ko di v hng p nhm gip my bay khi bay ngang qua nh i bit c khong cch cn li so vi u ng bng v hng p. 2. V tr t i: Hnh di y trnh by v tr ca cc i pht mt t LOC, GP v ba i Marker.

DME: thit b o c ly. L: i hng. GP: i gc. IM: i gn. MM: i gia. OM: i xa. i LOC: vung gc vi trc ng bng, cch u ng bng i din hng p 400m 1000m. GP: t bn phi hoc tri ng bng, cch tm ng bng 120 180m, cch thm ng bng 200 450m. DME: thng t chung vi i Glide Path hoc i VOR. i Marker: OM (Outer Marker): 6.5 12Km (trung bnh 8Km). MM (Middle Marker): 1Km. IM (Inner Marker): 75 450m (Php 75m, M 300m).

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3. i LOC: 3.1. Tnh nng k thut: 3.1.1. Bng tn s: 3.1.2. VHF 108MHz 131MHz. 3.1.3. Khong cch hai tn s lin tip: 200KHz.
3.1.4. Tn hot ng: 25NM (46.3Km) trong di 100 quanh ng tm

HCC - Course Line. 3.1.5. Tn s bin iu: 90Hz v 150Hz. 3.1.6. i hiu: Ba hoc bn ch ci, ch u tin l ch 1, 2 hoc 3 ch ci k tip l tn ca ni t i, c pht theo m lut Moose dng tn s 1020Hz pht i hiu. Pht 7 nhm/ pht. 3.1.7. Cng sut: 25Watts.
3.1.8. iu ch: bin (AM).

3.2. Nguyn tc hot ng: Dng in cao tn t my pht truyn n anten bc x ra ngoi khng gian thnh hai bp sng i xng nhau qua trc ng bng. Bp sng bn phi c bin iu bi 150Hz, bp sng bn tri c biu din bi 90Hz. Mt phng thng ng i qua tm ng HCC gi l mt phng hng COURSE. Mt phng hng l mt phng cha cc im c su iu ch bi tn s 90Hz v 150Hz bng nhau. Khi my bay bn tri COURSE ni m bp sng c su iu ch bi tn s 90Hz chim u th, my thu trn my bay s a ra tn hiu FLY RIGHT (bay sang phi). Tng t, khi my bay ni m bp sng c su iu ch bi tn s 150Hz chim u th, my thu trn my bay s a ra tn hiu FLY LEFT (bay sang tri). Cn c vo tn hiu ny ngi li hoc h thng iu khin t ng trn my bay (Auto Pilot) s a my bay vo ng mt phng hng (course).

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3.3. Trang thit b trn my bay: My thu VHF.

ng h ICP: nu I90 > I150 => kim lch phi. Ngc li: I90 < I150 => kim lch tri. Nu I90 = I150 => kim nm gia.

3.4. Cng dng: Gip my bay khi p xung ng bng c ng chnh gia ng bng. Cc bc thc hin: M my thu VHF. Nghe i hiu. Nhn kim ng ca ng h ICP li my bay, lch phi th li sang phi, lch tri th li sang tri sao cho kim gia trc.

4. i GP (GLIDE SCOPE OR GLIDE PATH): 4.1. Tnh nng k thut: a. Bng tn s: UHF: 32806 335.4MHz.
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Bo co thc tp tt nghip b. Tm hot ng: 18.5Km trong di t 75 0.45 v hng p.

c. Tn s bin iu: 90Hz v 150Hz. d. i hiu: GP khng c i hiu. e. Cng sut: 5Watts. f. iu ch: bin (AM). 4.2. Nguyn tc hot ng: Dng in cao tn t my pht truyn n anten bc x ra ngoi khng gian thnh hai cnh i xng nhau qua ng dc p. Bp sng bn di c bin iu bi 150Hz, cnh sng bn trn c bin iu bi 90Hz. Hai bp sng ny c phn chung nhau rng 10. Nhng im c su iu ch bi tn s 90Hz v 150Hz bng nhau to nn mt mt phng nghing, mt phng nghing ny to vi mt phng ng bng mt gc gi l gc p .

Khi my bay pha di mt phng h cnh, ni bp sng c su iu ch bi 90Hz chim u th, ng h trn my bay s a ra tn hiu FLY UP (bay ln) hoc khi my bay pha di, ni bp sng c su iu ch bi 150Hz chim u th, ng h s a ra tn hiu FLY DOWN (bay xung).

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Theo khuyn co ca ICAO ANNEX 10 phm vi hot ng c hiu qu ca h thng GP tnh t tm t anten GP n c ly 18.5Km trong phm vi gii hn trn l 0.75 v di l 0.45 . 4.3. Trang thit b t trn my bay: My thu UHF. ng h ICP. 4.4. Cng dng: Gip my bay p xung ng bng ng ng dc p quy nh ca sn bay. Mun thc hin vic ny, thi cng phi: M my thu UHF trn tn s ca i. Nhn kim ngang ca ng h ICP li my bay nu kim ch xung th li xung, kim ch ln th li ln, li lm sao kim nm ngay chnh gia l ng.
4.5. i Marker:

4.5.1. Tnh nng k thut:

a. Tn s pht: c ba i u pht chung trn mt tn s l 75MHz.

b. Cng sut pht: 2W 4W. c. i hiu: OM (Outer Marker): 400Hz, pht 2 dashes/s (-) MM (Middle Marker): 130Hz, pht dash + dot lin tc (---) IM (Inner Marker): 3000Hz, pht 6 dot/s (.)

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4.5.2. Nguyn tc hot ng: Dng in cao tn t my pht c truyn n anten bc x ra ngoi khng gian v pht thng ng vi trc ng bng thnh mt hnh elip v my bay ch nhn c tn hiu ca i v nghe c i hiu khi bay ngang qua nh i, ng thi c bo hiu bng nhng ngn n mu t trc mt ngi phi cng. Khi bay ngang qua nh i OM th n mu hoc tm bt sng, bay khi i n tt v khi bay ngang qua nh i MM th n mu cam sng, khi bay ngang qua i IM th n mu trng bt sng. Cc i Marker gip cho my bay bit c khong cch cn li so vi u ng bng v hng p khi bay ngang qua nh i.

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CHNG 5: H THNG N SN BAY AFLS (AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM) 1. Chc nng nhim v: Cung cp cc tn hiu chiu sng sn bay theo khuyn co thc hnh ICAO ANNEX 14. Hng dn v nh hng cho my bay tip cn, h cnh v ln vo, ra khu vc sn an ton ch yu vo m v khi thi tit xu. 2. Cu hnh ca h thng: Cu hnh ca h thng c bn gm: H thng n tip cn. H thng n thm. H thng n chp. H thng n ng bng. H thng n gii hn ng bng. H thng n l ng ln, sn . H thng n PAPI. H thng n ct gi. H thng n pha quay. H thng bin bo tn hiu (loi bin bo bt buc v bin hng dn cc thng tin trn ng ln). H thng iu dng CCR loi 5 nc v 3 nc iu chnh dng. Bn iu khin xa t ti thp ch huy TWR. 3. Yu cu k thut cho tng h thng: 3.1. H thng n tip cn (APPROACH LIGHTING):

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H thng n tip cn c xem xt theo cu hnh tip cn n gin. Tip cn khng chnh xc, c tri di t thm ca ng bng ra pha ngoi theo hng h cch n 240m bao gm 2 dy n chnh s dng mt loi n. Dy n trc (Centreline): t thm ng bng n 240m. Dy ngang (Cross Bar) 30m: nm vung gc ng trc ti v tr 300m tnh t thm ng bng. Yu cu k thut: n tip cn loi n hng cng cao t ni, c lp knh trong pha trc chiu sng tip cn ng tim v pht ra nh sng trng. Cng nh sng ln nht khng nh hn 20.000 CD (Cendeia) vi 5 nc iu chnh sng, mch n u ni theo kiu mch kp song song.
Kiu: loi n hng cng cao t ni, chiu cao H = 1.8m, pht ra nh

sng trng. Dng in vo: 6,6A. Bng n: 200W 6.6A, Halogen tungsten. 3.2. H thng n chp (H thng nhn dng thm ng bng) (RUNWAY THRESHOLD INDENTICATION LIGHT 27 RTIL.27): Yu cu k thut: n chp nhn dng thm ng bng gm 2 b n chp, hot ng ng b lp t ti v tr thm u ng bng i xng qua tim ng bng vi khong cch mp ng bng mt khong 22.5m.
3.2.1. T iu khin ring: cha cc b phn cn thit cp ngun v

lm bng n chp. Ngun: dng in AC 220/210/230/240/250V.

Tiu th nng lng khi in p 220V. 1 chp/s: 0.87A, 2 chp/s:

0.17A. Ngun vo iu khin t xa: cc tn hiu tiu th ln nht: 20MA. Tr nhit: 1K/70W c ni vi ngun in li. Bo v bng cu ch 0.5A.

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iu khin bng b iu nhit. 3.2.2. n chp n hng: B ui n bao bc bng chp lin pha phng in x nn c phn x bn trong v bin p trig.
B ui n t trn chn ng knh = 60mm.

Cng tc chn kha u ni tip vi cng tc chn kha ca t iu khin. Khi m knh trc ngun s b ct v cc t in s phng in. Cc c tnh ca bng n: Loi bng lin pha kn u ni bng inh c. in p cc dng: 1.85KVMIN 2KVNOM 2.25KVMAX. in p trigger 9KVMIN 12KVNOM 18KVMAX. Nng lng cc i mi chp: 120J. Cng sut cc i: 120W. 3.3. H thng n thm (Thresheold Light System): 3.3.1. Yu cu k thut ca n thm: H thng n thm c lp t theo tiu chun CAT1 ca ICAO l loi n 1 hng nh sng mu xanh (green) cng chiu sng ln nht khng nh hn 10000 cd (candenla) vi 5 nc iu chnh sng, mch n u ni theo 2 mch chn l.
Mi b n gm 1 tp hp n kn v 1 vnh ngoi b n c thit

k chiu ra 1 chm sng n hng gc loe 3.50 v hng tim ng HCC hoc song song vi tim ng HCC. Gc loe 3.50 hng chm sng v pha tim ng HCC v cho nhn thy hon ho ti ca s h cnh trong qu trnh h cnh bng ILS. n thm loi chm thit k v ch to chu c ti trng ln qua ca cc my bay hin ti m khng b h hng. n thm loi ni c thit k l loi d gy.
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3.3.2. Thng s k thut ca n thm: B n thm gm c 1 t hp n kn nc v 1 vnh ngoi thm. T hp n gm 2 bng 220W 6.6A. Cc pha n loi thu knh. Dng in vo: 6.6A.
Gii hn nhit lp t: 00C 550C, m: 0% - 100%. Bin p cch ly: 400W 6.6A.

4. H thng n l ng bng cng cao: 4.1. H thng n l ng bng (RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS) t ni: 4.1.1. Yu cu k thut: H thng n l ng HCC cung cp thng tin nhn dng ng HCC bng nh sng cho ngi li trong iu kin ban m hoc tm nhn hn ch (sng m). Theo khuyn co thc hnh ca ICAO ANNEX 14. nh v s lng n vi khong cch 60m. n l ng HCC gm 2 loi: Ti hai u theo chiu di HCC cc v tr n trong phm vi 600m u v kt thc ng HCC cc n HCC c mu trng/vng. Phn cn li ca ng HCC l cc loi n t ni 2 hng c cng chiu sng ch ln nht khng nh hn 1000cd, cc n HCC c mu trng/vng. Ton b cc n c u ni theo hai mch chn l. 4.1.2. Thng s k thut: Kiu: t ni hai hng. Dng vo: 6.6A. Cng sut n: 200W 6.6A hoc 150W 6.6A hoc 100W 6.6A.

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4.2. H thng n ng ln t chm: Dng t nhng ch my bay ln c tc ln v nhng ch ca ra trn ng ln gp ng HCC to ra hiu qu hng dn tm nhn cho ngi li trong iu kin ban m hoc tm nhn hn ch.
B n chm hai hng pht ra hai chm sng mi bn 1730.

B n chm l ng HCC bao gm mt t hp quang hc kn nc v mt vnh . 5. n gii hn ng HCC: n gii hn ng HCC c lp t ti 2 u cui ng HCC, mt hng nh sng mu . Cng chiu sng ln nht khng nh hn 2500cd vi 5 nc iu chnh sng. 6. n l ng ln v sn : n l ng ln v sn c mu xanh, cng chiu sng ln nht khng nh hn 200cd c lp t ph hp vi dng hnh hc ca ng ln sn . Ton b n ng ln c ni theo 2 mch chn l l i xng nhau qua tim ng ln. n ng ln t cch mp ng ln 3m. n chn loi mu xanh bng Halogen. 7. H thng n Papi (PAPI LIGHT SYSTEM): (PAPI: Presion Approach Path Indicator) 7.1 Yu cu k thut: H thng n Papi l h thng n tip cn chnh xc. H thng n Papi c lp t i xng qua tin HCC (h 2 cnh) hoc v pha tri ca ng HCC (nu h thng l 1 cnh) v iu chnh gc chiu theo mt tiu chun k thut to ra mt h thng nh sng hin th v gc h cnh ca my bay. Cng chiu sng ca cc b n khng nh hn 15.000cd i vi nh sang mu trng v 5.000cd vi nh sng mu .
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V tr lp t thay i trong khong t 200m n 400m ph thuc vo v tr t anten i GP ca h thng ILS v gc h cnh ca my bay. 7.2 Nguyn l hot ng: H thng hot ng Papi gm 1 hng 4 b n, mi b pht ra 1 chm sng chia thnh 2 hnh qut bn trn mu trng, bn di mu . B n c lp t trn ng thng vung gc vi tim ng HCC v c t trn cao vi nhng gc khc nhau s sai khc gia cc b n lin k l 20 pht cung. Khi dc h cnh l ng, ngi li nhn thy 2 n ca h thng bn ng h ct cnh v 2 n trng bn ngoi.
Nu my bay bay lch 10 pht cung so vi dc h cnh chnh xc th ngi

li s nhn thy 3 b n c cng mu v ch c 1 n khc mu. Nu lch t n 30 pht cung, 4 b n s c cng 1 mu ngha l: di dc chnh xc cn trng trn dc chnh xc. 7.3 Thng s k thut: Kiu: loi 1 chn d iu chnh, c lin kt d gy. Dng vo: 6.6A. Bng n: 2 bng 200W Tui th ca bng n: 1000h nh mc.
Cng sng ca n mu trng: 138.500candela (nh), 125.200 candela

(trung bnh chm sng ngang ta 100). H s truyn ca hnh qut mu t nht 15%. Hnh qut chuyn i: 3 pht cung trn ton b chm sng ta Phm vi nhn bit hot ng: ban ngy 11.4Km khi tm kh tng l 14.8Km, 7.4Km khi tm kh tng l 7Km; ban m 30Km khi tm kh tng l 14.8Km. 8. H thng n ct gi:

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Ct ng gi t ngay trn sn bay hoc sn bay trc thng, cho php nhn thy hng gi mt t v cung cp ch dn v tc gi cho nhn vin phi hnh trong lc my bay ang di t. T hp ng gi c lp trn mt h thng gi cng. Mu ca ng gi tiu chun l mu da cam quc t. C cc mu khc khi c yu cu c bit. Mi ng gi t 1 b n chng ngi mu . T hp ng gi l loi cm ng hng gi. Gi treo cho php xoay ng theo hng gi trn mi loi iu kin thi tit v vi tc gi nh ti 3 dm bin. Mi ct gi t 4 b n chiu ng gi 4x150W 220V. 9. n pha quay hng khng (AIRPORT BEACON LIGHTS): Vi c ly chiu di l 37.5Km trn nc i ch huy TWR cho my bay nhn bit sn bay. Tn s chp: 25ln/pht vi cc mu. Trng v xanh i vi sn bay dn dng. Trng, vng i vi sn bay trn bin. Trng, xanh, vng i vi sn bay trc thng. 10. H thng bin bo: Cc bin bo ng HCC v ng ln c lp t trn cng hng khng hng dn v thng bo cho ngi li my bay cc v tr, ng i, nhn dng cc ni khi my bay ln trn ng HCC, ng ln v sn .

11. H thng iu dng CCR loi 5 nc, 3 nc:

11.1 Yu cu k thut:

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Thit b iu dng CCR l b iu chnh dng khng i cung cp cho cc mch in chiu sng cng hng khng. Khi in p vo thay i trong phm vi: -5% n + 10% hoc thay i ph ti.
11.2 Thng s k thut ca thit b:

Kiu: cc chi tit ca thit b CCR l loi t trn gi trong nh. in p vo AC: 208 220 240 380 400 415 hoc 480. in p vo thay i -5% n +10% tn s 50Hz. Cc mc dng ra: 3 nc hoc 5 nc: Loi 3 nc: 6.6A, 5.5A, 4.8A. Loi 5 nc: 6.6A, 5.2A, 4.1A, 3.4A, 2.8A.
Hiu sut: t 90 n 93% nhit 250C ph thuc c ca b iu chnh,

di ph tr in ti nh mc, dng ra nh mc v in p vo nh mc. Cng sut: 4KW, 7.5KW, 10KW, 15KW, 20KW, 25KW,

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