XE215CA 主泵与先导系统

液压原理图注解 海外发展部
璐
曹
主泵——液压图基础介绍

标号 中文 英文
NO. Chinese English
⑪
1 比例电磁阀 Proportional solenoid valve

① ⑫ 2 私服滑阀 Private service slide valve

3 液压交叉控制阀杆 Hydraulic crossover control valve stem
4 负流量控制阀杆 Negative flow control valve stem
③ ② 5 伺服油缸（活塞） Servo cylinder (piston)
6 液压泵 Hydraulic pump
④
⑤ 7 滤芯 Filter

⑩ 8 先导溢流阀 pilot operated pressure relief valve

⑥
⑨ 9 滤芯 Filter
10 先导泵 Pilot pump
⑧
11 滤芯 Filter
⑦ 12 单向阀 Check valve
主泵——液压图基础介绍

P1 主油路：
 液压泵作为动力源，将发动机机械能转化为液压
P2 能，供给各工作装置。
 油路方向：液压油 → ⑦（滤芯）→ ⑥（液压
泵）→ 主阀 P1 、 P2 接口。
 请注意：蓝色低压区，红色高压区。
 Main oil path ：
 As a power source, the hydraulic pump converts
engine mechanical energy into hydraulic energy and
supplies it to each working device.
 Oil path direction: Hydraulic oil → ⑦ (filter
⑥
element) → ⑥ (hydraulic pump) → P1 、 P2
Please note: blue low pressure zone, red high
pressure zone.
⑦ 油箱
主泵——液压图基础介绍

 油路方向 1 ：液压油 → ⑦（滤芯）→ ⑩（先导

泵）→ 油源块 → 各先导油路
 油路方向 2 ：液压油 → ⑨（滤芯）→ ⑧先导溢流
阀 → 油箱
①  油路方向 3 ：液压油 → ⑦（滤芯）→ ⑩（先导
泵）→ ①（比例电磁阀）
 Oil path direction 1 ：
Hydraulic oil passes through ⑦ (filter element)
to ⑩ (pilot pump) to oil source block to each
pilot oil path.
 Oil path direction 2:
hydraulic oil goes from ⑨ (filter element) to
⑩ ⑧ (pilot overflow valve) to oil tank.
⑨  Oil path direction 3:
⑧ Hydraulic oil flows through ⑦ (filter element)
to ⑩ (pilot pump) to ① (proportional
⑦ 油箱 solenoid valve).
主泵——液压图基础介绍

N1 负反馈信号油  负反馈油路：设备着车后，在不做功的情
况下， N1 、 N2 口的反馈油作用在④（负
流量控制阀杆）上，推动②（伺服滑阀）
N2 负反馈信号油 接通油路。
 最终目的：改变斜盘角度（减小），降低
能耗。
 Negative feedback oil circuit:After the
② ② machine is started, without doing work, the
④ ④ feedback oil from N1 and N2 ports acts on ④
(negative flow control valve rod), pushing ②
(servo slide valve) to connect the oil circuit.
 The ultimate goal is to change (reduce) the
swash plate angle and reduce energy
consumption.
油箱
主泵——液压图基础介绍
交叉控制油路（功率控制）：
 P1⑥ （液压泵）→ P1③ （交叉控制阀杆）
→ P2③ （交叉控制阀杆）
 P2⑥ （液压泵）→ P2③ （交叉控制阀杆）
→ P1③ （交叉控制阀杆）
 功率控制其实就是让液压泵和发动机的功率匹配，防止液压泵功率过
大导致发动机憋车。简单的说稳定工作后油门固定时发动机的功率是
一定的，液压泵的功率则是由机器负荷决定的，液压泵功率等于工作
压力乘以液压泵流量，当机器有负荷时液压压力增大，增大到定值时，
调节器就要控制液压泵流量减小，以防止发动机憋车熄火。
 Cross control oil circuit (power control):
③ ③  P1⑥ (hydraulic pump) → P1③ (cross control valve rod)
→ P2③ (cross control valve lever)
 P2⑥ (hydraulic pump) → P2③ (cross control valve rod)
→ P1③ (cross control valve lever)
 In fact, power control is to match the power of hydraulic pump and
⑥ ⑥ engine, so as to prevent the engine from stalling due to excessive power
of hydraulic pump. Simply put, the engine power is certain when the
throttle is fixed after stable operation, and the hydraulic pump power is
determined by the machine load. The hydraulic pump power is equal to
油箱 the working pressure multiplied by the hydraulic pump flow. When the
machine is loaded, the hydraulic pressure increases and reaches a fixed
value, the regulator will control the hydraulic pump flow to decrease to
prevent the engine from stalling.
主泵——液压图基础介绍

 工作模式控制（比例电磁阀控制）：
 油路方向：⑩（先导泵）→ ①（比例电磁阀）→ ③（交叉控制
阀杆）
 工作原理：主控制器根据系统负载的大小和模式选择开关的指令
来控制比例电磁阀打开，利用先导压力快速降低液压泵流量，以
控制泵的功率能和发动机功率相匹配。
 为什么需要比例电磁阀？
①  因为液压伺服控制有一定的延时性，而电控调节则十分迅速可以
弥补调节器的设计缺陷。
 Operation mode control (proportional solenoid valve
③ control):
③  Oil path direction: ⑩ (pilot pump) → ① (proportional
solenoid valve) → ③ (cross control valve rod)
 Working principle: the main controller controls the
proportional solenoid valve to open according to the
system load and the instruction of the mode selection
⑩ switch, and quickly reduces the flow of hydraulic pump by
using the pilot pressure to control the pump power to
match the engine power.
 Why do we need proportional solenoid valves?
 Because the hydraulic servo control has a certain delay,
油箱 and the electric control adjustment can make up for the
design defects of the regulator very quickly.
先导——液压图基础介绍

③
④ ⑤ ⑥ 标号 中文 英文
NO. Chinese English

1 先导滤 Pilot filter element

2 单向阀 Check valve

② 3 油源块 Oil source block

① 4 Y1 切断电磁阀 Y1 Cut off solenoid valve

5 Y2 增立电磁阀 Y2 Pressurized solenoid valve
6 Y3 高低速电磁阀 Y3 High and low speed solenoid valve
先导——液压图基础介绍

 先导泵向先导系统的各个油口输出油压
回转延时阀 PG 口 主阀 PG 口
（ 3.9MP~4.5MP ）
 油路方向：先导泵 → ①（滤芯）→ 回转
③
延时阀 PG 口→ 主阀 PG 口→ ②（单向
④ ⑤ ⑥
阀）→ ③（油源块氮气室）→ 三联电磁
阀 Y1 、 Y2 、 Y3 油口。
 The pilot pump outputs oil pressure
(3.9MP~4.5MP) to each oil port of the pilot
② system
 Oil path direction: pilot pump → ① (filter
①
element)→ PG port of rotary delay valve→
PG port of main valve→ ② (one-way
valve)→ ③ (nitrogen chamber of oil source
接先导泵 油箱 block)→ oil ports of triple solenoid valves
Y1, Y2 and Y3.
先导——液压图基础介绍

行走马达快
速档油口
主溢流阀  油路方向：
操作手柄 ④Y1 切断电磁阀→ 操作手柄
④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑤Y2 增力电磁阀→ 主溢流阀
⑥Y3 快慢速电磁阀→ 两行走马达
 Oil path direction:
④Y1 cut-off solenoid valve→
② operating
handle
①
⑤Y2 booster solenoid valve→ main
overflow valve
⑥Y3 fast and slow solenoid
接先导泵
油箱 valve→two
traveling motors
先导——液压图基础介绍

 缓冲阀的作用：
 通过先导油路上增加缓冲阀装置，减小
由于液压冲击引起的整车稳定性差的问
题，提升整车稳定性。
 Function of buffer valve:
 By adding a buffer valve device on the pilot
oil path, the problem of poor vehicle
stability caused by hydraulic shock is
reduced, and the vehicle stability is
缓冲阀 improved.
先导——液压图基础介绍

 缓冲阀组
 主阀侧：油口接各主阀阀芯处。
主阀侧
 手柄侧：油口接各操作手柄处。
 特别注解：
PsP ：回转优先于斗杆
XBp2 ：铲斗合流（接中位切断滑阀）
PbL ：动臂下降保持阀解锁
PaL ：斗杆下降保持阀解锁
 Buffer valve group
 Main valve side: the oil port is connected to the spool of each main valve.
 Handle side: the oil port is connected to each operating handle.
 Special note:
PsP: Swing takes precedence over stick
XBp2: bucket confluence (connected to the center cut-off slide valve)
手柄侧 PbL: boom lowering keeps valve unlocked
PaL: stick lowering keeps the valve unlocked