Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GENERAL EDUCATION
FILIPINO
Panitikan
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TAYUTAY
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TAYUTAY
Ang tayutay ay salita o isang pahayag na
ginagamit upang bigyan diin ang isang kaisipan o
damdamin.
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1. SIMILI O PAGTUTULAD
Di tiyak na paghahambing ng dalawang
magkaibang bagay. Ginagamitan ito ng mga
salitang: tulad ng, paris ng, kawangis ng, tila,
sing-, sim-, magkasing-, magkasim-, at iba pa. Ito
ay tinatawag na Simile sa Ingles.
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2. METAPORA O PAGWAWANGIS
Tiyak na paghahambing ngunit hindi na
ginagamitan ng pangatnig. Nagpapahayag ito ng
paghahambing na nakalapat sa mga pangalan,
gawain, tawag o katangian ng bagay na
inihahambing.
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3. PERSONIPIKASYON O PAGTATAO
Ginagamit ito upang bigyang-buhay, pagtaglayin ng
mga katangiang pantao-talino, gawi, kilos ang mga
bagay na walang buhay sa pamamagitan ng mga
pananalitang nagsasaad ng kilos tulad ng pandiwa
at pangngalang-diwa.
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5. SENEKDOKE O
PAGPAPALIT-SAKLAW
Isang bagay, konsepto kaisipan, isang bahagi ng
kabuuan ang binabanggit.
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6. PAG-UYAM
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7. PAGPAPALIT-TAWAG O METONIMYA
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8. APOSTROPE O PAGTAWAG
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9. PAG-UULIT
Aliterasyon – Ang unang titik o unang pantig ay
pare-pareho.
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9. PAG-UULIT
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10. PAGTANGGI O LITOTES
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11. TANONG RETORIKAL
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12. OKSIMORON
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13. PAGTATAMBIS O ANTITHESIS
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14. PAGLILIPAT-WIKA
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15. PASUKDOL
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16. PANGHIHIMIG O ONOMATOPEYA
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16. PANGHIHIMIG O ONOMATOPEYA
b. Pahiwatig na onomatopeya
Ang suot ay puti’y may apoy sa bibig
Sa buong magdamag ay di matahimik,
Ngunit ang hiwagang di-sukat malirip
Kung bakit sa gabi lamang mamamasaid;
Kung araw, ang tao, kahit magsaliksik
Ang matandang ito’y hindi raw masilip,
Ngunit pagdilim na’t ang gabi’y masungit
Ano’t ang simbahan ay lumalangitngit?
- F. Collantes, Ang Lumang Simbahan
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17. PANGITAIN
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18. TAGURI
Ang taguri ay patalinghagang pagtukoy sa isang tao upang
ipahiwatig ang katangian nito.
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MGA SAWIKAIN AT SALAWIKAIN
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MGA SAWIKAIN AT SALAWIKAIN
Ang mga salawikain, kawikaan, kasabihan,
wikain, o sawikain ay mga maiiksing
pangungusap na lubhang makahulugan at
naglalayong magbigay patnubay sa ating pang-
araw-araw na pamumuhay.
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SAWIKAIN
Ang isang sawikain o idyoma ay isang
pagpapahayag na ang kahulugan ay hindi
komposisyunal — sa ibang salita, hindi binubuo
ng tumpak na kahulugan ang mga kanya-
kanyang salita na nabuo.
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MGA HALIMBAWA NG SAWIKAIN
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KAURIAN NG MGA SALAWIKAIN
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KAURIAN NG MGA SALAWIKAIN
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MGA HALIMBAWA NG SALAWIKAIN
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MGA HALIMBAWA NG SALAWIKAIN
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MGA HALIMBAWA NG SALAWIKAIN
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MGA HALIMBAWA NG SALAWIKAIN
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MGA HALIMBAWA NG SALAWIKAIN
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MGA HALIMBAWA NG SALAWIKAIN
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MGA HALIMBAWA NG SALAWIKAIN
Magkulang ka na sa magulang
huwag lamang sa iyong biyenan.
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MGA HALIMBAWA NG SALAWIKAIN
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MGA HALIMBAWA NG SALAWIKAIN
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PANITIKANG FILIPINO
SA IBA’T IBANG PANAHON
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PANAHON NG KATUTUBO
Bago pa dumating ang mga Kastila sa Pilipinas, mayroon
nang sining at panitikan ang mga sinaunang Pilipino.
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PANAHON NG KASTILA
Dumating ang mga Kastila sa bansa taglay ang tatlong
Gs – GOD, GOLD at GLORY.
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PANAHON NG AMERIKANO
Kung relihiyon ang naging pamana ng mga Kastila sa
Pilipino, edukasyon naman ang naging pangunahing
ipinamana ng mga Amerikano.
Sa panahong ding ito isinilang ang mga ilang imortal na
makatang Pilipino na nagsisulat sa Ingles at Tagalog.
Sa mga unang taon ng pananakop ng Amerikano sa
bansa, sumulat ang mga Pilipino sa Kastila, Tagalog at
iba pang wikang panlalawigan.
Nagsimula umusbong ang mga panitikan sa Ingles
noong 1910 dahil sa mga bagong silang na manunulat.
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PANAHON NG AMERIKANO
Kabilang sa mga manunulat sa panahong ito sina Cecilio
Apostol na sumulat ng mga oda para kay Rizal.
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PANAHON NG AMERIKANO
Jose dela Cruz – may panulat-sagisag na ‘Huseng Sisiw’
dahil sisiw ang ipinababayad kapag nagpapagawa sa
kanya ng tulang pag-ibig.
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PANAHON NG AMERIKANO
Ang mga Amerikano ang nagpakilala ng mga fairy tale
sa mga Pilipino na ginamit ng mga gurong Tomasites sa
pagtuturo. Ipinakilala rin ng mga ito ang iba pang uri
(genre) ng panitikan gaya ng oda at nagpakilala sa
pinilakang-tabing – ang pelikula.
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PANAHON NG AMERIKANO
Ang mga Amerikano ang nagpakilala ng mga fairy tale
sa mga Pilipino na ginamit ng mga gurong Tomasites sa
pagtuturo. Ipinakilala rin ng mga ito ang iba pang uri
(genre) ng panitikan gaya ng oda at nagpakilala sa
pinilakang-tabing – ang pelikula.
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PANAHON NG HAPON
Sa panahon ding ito kinilala ang mga manunulat na
babaeng Pilipino sa pangalan nina Liwayway A. Arceo
at Genoveva Edroza-Matute dahil sa mga makintal na
maka-feministang maikling-kwento.
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PANAHON NG PAGKAMIT NG KALAYAAN
HANGGANG KASALUKUYAN
Bilang patunay ng kasiglahan ng panitikang Filipino sa
iba’t ibang uri sa panahong ito ay ang pagkakalimbag ng
mga sumusunod na katipunan ng mga aklat: Mga Piling
Katha at Mga Piling Sanaysay ni Alejandro Abadilla,
Maiikling Kwentong Tagalog ni Teodoro Agoncillo,
Ako’y Isang Tinig ni Genoveva Edroza-Matute at
marami pang iba.
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ANO ANG PANITIKAN?
Ito ay isang sining na nagsasalaysay tungkol sa
pamumuhay, pamahalaan, pananampalataya at
mga karanasan ng isang lipunan.
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DALAWANG ANYO NG PANITIKAN
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MGA URI NG TULA
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MGA ANYO NG TULA
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AWITING BAYAN
Naglalarawan ng kultura
Nagtataglay ng sukat, tugma, kariktan at
talinghaga na nilapatan ng ritmo/ musika
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IBA’T IBANG URI NG AWITING BAYAN
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IBA’T IBANG URI NG AWITING BAYAN
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IBA PANG MGA TULANG LIRIKO
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TULANG PATNIGAN
1. Karagatan – ginagamit ang tulang ito sa laro,
kadalasan tuwing mayroong namatay.
Kunwari ay may matandang tutula tungkol sa dahilan
Ng laro. Tapos ay paiikutin ang isang tabong may
tanda. Kapag huminto ang tabo sa pag-ikot, ang
Matatapatan nito ay tatanungin ng dalaga ng mga
Salitang matatalinhaga o makahulugan. Ang larong ito
Ay nagmula sa isang alamat ng isang Prinsesang
Naghulog ng singsing sa karagatan. Ang sinumang
Binatang makakuha ng singsing ay siya niyang
pakakasalan.
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TULANG PATNIGAN
2. Duplo – Labanan ito ng pagalingan sa pagbigkas at
pagbibigay katwiran nang patula. Ang mga pagbigkas
ay galing sa mga kasabihan, salawikain at Bibliya. Ito ay
madalas laruin tuwing may lamay sa patay.
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TULANG PANTANGHALAN
1. Komedya – dulang nagtatapos sa tagumpay ng
pangunahing tauhan.
2. Trahedya – dulang nagtatapos sa kamatayan o
kalungkutan ng pangunahing tauhan.
3. Melodrama – karaniwang ginagamit sa lahat ng dulang
musikal.
4. Parsa – layuning magpatawa at libangin ang mga
manonood.
5. Saynete – pinapaksa ng dulang ito ay ang mga
karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao at pook. Tau-tauhang
nasa likod ng telon ang gumaganap.
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MGA TULANG PASALAYSAY
Awit at Korido
Bugtong
Epiko
Kantahin
Balad
Tanaga
Sawikain
Tula
Salawikain
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AWIT AT KORIDO
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EPIKO
Tumatalakay sa mga kabayanihan at pakikipagtunggali ng isang
tao o mga tao laban sa mga kaaway na halos hindi mapaniwalaan
dahil may mga tagpuang makababalaghan at di-kapani-paniwala.
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TANAGA
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IBA’T IBANG TULUYANG PANITIKAN
Alamat Sanaysay
Pabula Anekdota
Parabula Talumpati
Makiling Kwento Salaysay
Nobela Balita
Talambuhay Dula
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1. ALAMAT
Kwento tungkol sa pinagmulan ng isang pook,
bagay o pangyayari.
2. PABULA
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3. PARABULA
Isang maikling kwento na ginagamit para
magturo ng isang aral o katotohanan.
4. NOBELA
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5. MAIKLING KWENTO
Isang salaysay ng isang mahalagang
pangyayaring kinasasangkutan ng isa o ilang
tauhan.
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6. TALAMBUHAY
7. SANAYSAY
Ito ay isang komposisyon na tumatalakay sa isang
partikular na paksa. Maaaring nagpapaliwanag,
nagkukwento, nagsasalaysay o nangungumbinsi.
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8. ANEKDOTA
Maikling salaysay ng isang pangyayari o insidente
na nakakapukaw ng interes ng nakikinig o
nagbabasa.
9. TALUMPATI
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10. SALAYSAY
Kwento ng mahahalagang pangyayari sa isang lipunan o
bansa na madalas ay may pagpapaliwanag tungkol sa
mga sanhi at bunga ng mga nasabing pangyayari.
11. BALITA
Isang pag-uulat tungkol sa mga bagay na
kasalukuyang nangyayari.
Ito ay maaaring mabasa sa dyaryo, napakikinggan sa
radyo o napapanuod sa telebisyon.
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12. DULA
Isang kwentong nilikha para itanghal.
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Philippine Festivals
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BINIRAY, Romblon
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APRIBADA, Donsol, Sorsogon
TINAGBA, Bicol
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SANDUGO, Tagbilaran, Bohol
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MAGAYON, Mt. Mayon Volcano in Albay, Bicol Region
TACLOBAN PINTADOS FESTIVAL, Tacloban City
BARAGATAN, Puerto Princesa City
SANDUGO FESTIVAL, Tagbilaran City
KADAYAWAN SA DABAW, Davao City
MASKARA FESTIVAL, Bacolod City
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MITOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
Panitikan sa Panahon ng Katutubo
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MGA DIYOS AT DIYOSA
Bathala/Alah – pangunahing Diyos
Idionale – Diyos ng mabuting gawain
Anion Tabo – Diyos ng hangin at ulan
Apolaki – Diyos ng digmaan
Hanan – Diyos ng mabuting pag-aani
Mapolan Masalanta – Patron ng mangingibig
Libongan – Tagatanod sa pagsilang ng isang buhay
Limoan – Tagapangasiwa sa namamatay
Tala – Diyos ng pang-umagang bituin
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MABUBUTING ESPIRITU
Patianak – Tagatanod sa lupa
Mamanjig – Tagapangiliti sa bata
Limbang – Tagatanod sa kayamanang nasa ilalim ng
lupa
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MASASAMANG ESPIRITU
Tiktik – isang ibong kasama ng aswang
Tanggal/Aswang – matandang babaeng sumisipsip
ng dugo ng sanggol. Sa kanyang paglalakbay, iniiwan
ang kalahati ng kanyang katawan.
Tama-Tama- maliit na taong kumukurot o
nagpapaiyak ng sanggol
Kapre – maitim na higanteng laging nakatabako
Salot – nagsasabog ng sakit
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ANG TULA
Elemento ng Tula
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ANO ANG TULA?
Ang tula ay isang kaisipang naglalarawan ng
kagandahan ng kariktan, ng kadakilaan: tatlong
bagay na kailangang magkatipun-tipon sa isang
kaisipan upang mag-angkin ng karapatang
matatawag na tula. (Balmaceda)
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ELEMENTO NG TULA
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ELEMENTO NG TULA
1. TUGMA
Tunog sa dulo ng taludtod ng tula na kahimig ng dulo ng
mga ibang taludtod sa loob ng isang estropa.
a) Ganap - Ang mga taludtod ay nagtatapos sa
magkakatulad na tunog at tuldik.
Marami ang nag-akalang siya'y makabayan
Gumamit pa ng salitang kalayaan
Ang demokrasya at ang kalayaan
Ay nakasalalay sa ating kakayahan
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ELEMENTO NG TULA
1. TUGMA
b) Di-ganap - nagtatapos sa mga tunog na
magkakahawig at magkakaiba ang huling pantig.
Natatandaan mo pa ba
Inukit kong puso sa punong mangga
At ang inalay kong gumamela
Magkahawak-kamay sa dalampasigan
Malayang tulad ng mga ibon
Ang gunita ng ating kahapon
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ELEMENTO NG TULA
2. SUKAT
Bilang ng pantig sa loob ng isang taludtod o bahagi ng
isang pangungusap.
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ELEMENTO NG TULA
3. TALINGHAGA
Sinadyang paglayo sa ordinaryong paggamit ng salita.
Sa paggamit ng tayutay humuhulagpos sa ating
isipan ang bagay o pangyayaring tinutukoy.
4. LARAWANG DIWA
Ang unang imaheng makikita mula sa tula matapos itong
mabasa.
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PEN NAME NG MGA PILING MANUNULAT
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PEN NAME NG MGA PILING MANUNULAT
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