ISBN 978-9941-26-383-5

samxreT-dasavleTi saqarTvelo (istoria,arqeologia, eTnologia)

saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis masalebi
South-West Georgia (history, archaeology, ethnology) Interna onal Scien fic Conference materials
 aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis ganaTlebis,
kulturisa da sportis saministros saqveuwyebo
dawesebuleba-saarqivo sammarTvelo
Sub-department of Ajara Autonomous Republic Education, Culture
and Sport Ministry– Archives Administration
samxreT-dasavleTi saqarTvelo (istoria,
arqeologia, eTnologia)
saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis masalebi
South-West Georgia (history, archaeology, ethnology)
International Scientific Conference materials
ISSN 2298-0776

IX

gamomcemloba `universali~
Tbilisi — 2019 — Tbilisi
 religiaTmcodneoba

irina ugrexeliZe
nona qarciZe
eliso CubiniZe

uZvelesi gelaTuri gardamoxsna quTaisis

istoriuli muzeumidan
quTaisis istoriuli muzeumis Zvel qarTul naqargobaTa
mdidar fondSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs gardamoxsna-
Ta koleqcias. koleqciaSi gansakuTrebiT maRali mxatvruli
da istoriuli RirebulebiT gamorCeuli nimuSs gviani Sua
saukuneebis gelaTuri gardamoxsna warmoadgens.
gardamoxsna (berZnulad `Επιτάφιος~), igive wminda safar-
veli, liturgiuli daniSnulebis nivTia da warmoadgens sak-
maod mozrdil marTkuTxa qsovils, romelzec jvridan Ca-
moxsnili ieso qristes datirebaa gamosaxuli. uflis jvri-
dan Camoxsna oTxive saxarebaSia aRwerili: ioseb arimaTiel-
ma, sinedrionis mdidarma da pativcemulma wevrma da qristes
farulma mowafem, iudeis prokuratorisgan, pilate pontoe-
lisgan, miiRo macxovris jvridan Camoxsnis ufleba. iosebma
da nikodemosma, RvTismSobeli mariamisa da iesos sxva ax-
loblebis TandaswrebiT, Camoxsnes jvridan qristes sxeuli.
cxedari sufTa tiloSi Seaxvies da kldeSi gamoWril samar-
xSi daasvenes. `Svenierma ioseb Zelisagan gardamoxsna ux-
rwneli gvami Seni qriste, da armenakiTa wmidiTa wargragna,
surnelebiTa Semurvili, axalsa saflavsa dagdva~ _ mogviT-
xrobs saxareba. swored am `armenakis~ (tilos, igive `arda-
gis~), simboluri gamoxatulebaa wminda safarveli e.w. gar-
damoxsna. is qristianul eklesiaSi udidesi Zalmosilebis
mqone, Rrma simbolur-dogmaturi datvirTvis matarebeli
nivTia da simbolurad uflis wminda saflavis tolfasia.
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs mas didi marxvis vnebis
kviraSi, did paraskevs, rodesac kacobriobis codvebisagan
gamosaxsnelad vnebuli macxovris jvarcmas, jvaridan gar-
damoxsnasa da dasaflavebas qristianuli RvTismsaxureba
gansakuTrebulad ixsenebs gardamoxsnis ceremonialiT. ce-
369
remonials udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs qristianul RvTismsa-
xurebaSi, is vnebis Svideulis umZimesi dRis _ jvarcmis da-
sasrulia da amasTan, im bednierebis winapirobaa, rasac didi
aRdgoma hqvia.
didi marxvis dros gardamoxsna sakurTxevelSi wminda
trapezzea dabrZanebuli. trapezze saflavs dadebuli mac-
xovaris gamosaxulebiT sagangebod moqarguli didi qsovi-
lia gadafarebuli. didi paraskevis mwuxris dros, troparis
_ `Svenierma ioseb~ galobiT mRvdelmsaxurebi wminda tra-
pezidan (simbolurad golgoTidan) aiReben gardamoxsnas,
Tavs zemoT asweven, sakurTxevlidan gamoabrZaneben, taZars
Semoatareben, `saflavSi~ (taZris centrSi) daasveneben. Sem-
deg mis winaSe did metanias asruleben da mowiwebiT eambore-
bian. gardamoxsna taZris centrSi sami dRe, kvira dilis 6 sa-
aTamde aris dabrZanebuli. ganTiadis Jams gardamoxsnas isev
SeabrZaneben sakurTxevelSi _ wminda trapezze, sadac is
uflis amaRlebis dResaswaulamde rCeba.
termini `gardamoxsna”, qristianul terminologiaSi ga-
moyenebuli sityvebis msgavsad, zmnuri warmomavlobis for-
maa [xaxiSvili, 2012], romelic, savaraudod, damkvidrebulia
RvTimsaxurebis dros nivTis gamoyenebis momentSi warmoT-
qmuli locvisagan _ `Svenierma ioseb Zelisagan gardamox-
sna...~, romlis galobiT iReben da aRamaRleben gardamox-
snas.
gardamoxsnis samSoblod bizantiaa miCneuli. mecnierebi
miiCneven, rom is warmoiSva da ganviTarda saeklesio daniS-
nulebis safarvelisagan _ didi dafarnisagan, amitom, misi
istoria didi dafarnis istoriasTan kavSirSi ganixileba. is
Sua saukuneebSi, jer kidev ar arsebobda, rogorc damouki-
debeli liturgiuli nivTi. termini ar gvxvdeba uZveles
saRvTismetyvelo literaturasa da wm. mamaTa (ioane oqropi-
ris, germane konstantinepolelis) saRmrTo liturgiaSi. ar-
sad Cans aRweriloba liturgiuli nivTis sakurTxevlidan
gamobrZanebis Sesaxeb. yvelaze adreuli cnoba, romelic
ukavSirdeba gardamoxsnis xats, daculia aTonis iverTa mo-
nastris iRumenis wm. giorgi II mTawmindelis mier XI s-Si ber-
Znulidan qarTulad naTargmn xelnawerSi. xelnaweri warmo-
adgens saeklesio debulebas vnebis paraskevis RvTismsaxu-
rebis Catarebis Sesaxeb. aq liturgiis Tanmimdevrobis aRwe-
risas naTqvamia, rom wiTel paraskevs _ diliT zarebis da-
rekvisas RvTismsaxurni Seikribebian eklesiaSi, gardamox-

370
snis xats kideben kankelis win da mis winaSe aanTeben or san-
Tels... amis Semdeg aRwerilia `didi gamosvlis” RvTismsaxu-
rebis danarCeni rituali [Кекелидзе, 1908]. liturgiuli didi
gamosvla simbolurad macxovris vnebas _ golgoTaze
msvlelobas, jvarcmas, gardamoxsnas, saflavad dadebasa da
aRdgomas aRniSnavs. giorgi mTawmindelis xelnawerze day-
rdnobiT prof n. d. uspenski miiCnevs, rom gardamoxsnis is-
toria liturgiul ritualTan _ `did gamosvlisTanaa” da-
kavSirebuli da rom mas safuZveli berZnul RvTismsaxureba-
Si Caeyara [Успенский, 1982]. aRsaniSnavia, rom sulxan-saba or-
belianic gardamoxsnas xatad moixseniebs: `xati STamosvene-
bisa qristesisa jvridam da dasvenebisa misisa saflavad, ro-
melica didsa paraskevsa winadaidebis samTxvevnelad erisa~.
mTavarepiskopos svimeon Tesalonikelis (XV s.) saRvTo
liturgiis mixedviT wminda safarvelebi _ barZimisa da feS-
xumis dafarnebi, simbolurad uflis Sesasudri tiloebiaa,
xolo cai _ didi dafarna (barZimisa da feSxumis zevidan sa-
farebeli) is wminda armenakia, romliTac Segragnes jvridan
gardamoxsnili saflavze dadebuli cxedari macxovrisa. di-
di gamosvlis aRwerisas svimeon Tesalonikeli ambobs, rom
wm. ZRvenis Semdeg modian wm. safarveliT (dafarna caiT) Tav-
zedafarebulni, romelzec gardacvlili, gaZrcvili macxo-
varia gamosaxuli [Троицкий, 2002]. am ganmartebidan ukve naT-
lad Cans, rom didi dafarnis simboluri mniSvneloba `gar-
damoxsnis~ (igive wminda armenakis) mniSvnelobis msgavsi da
tolfasia. unda vivaraudoT, rom XV saukunidan daiwyes
RvTismsaxurebaSi, vnebis kviris paraskevsa da SabaTs, mac-
xovris gamosaxulebiani didi dafarnis gansakuTrebulad
gamoyeneba _ kerZod, RvTismsaxurTa mier didi dafarnis
Tavs zemoT aweulad an Tavze gadafarebulad gamobrZaneba
da taZars Semotareba, msgavsad Tanamedrove vnebis paraske-
vis gardamoxsnis ceremonialisa.
aRniSnuli ritualis danergvis zusti periodis Sesaxeb,
raime werilobiT cnobebs, samwuxarod, Cvenamde ar mouRwe-
via.
werilobiTi wyaroebis simwires, liturgiuli didi ga-
mosvlis dros didi dafarnebis gamobrZanebis danergvis pe-
riodis Sesaxeb, nawilobriv avsebs monumenturi mxatvroba.
didi taZrebis sakurTxevlis afsidis ikonografiul prog-
ramaSi xSirad aris CarTuli saRmrTo anu zeciuri liturgi-
is kompozicia, igive `didi gamosvlis procesia~ _ angelo-
371
zebis sazeimo svla wminda ZRveniT, samweroblebiT, laxva-
riT, maxviliTa da kelaptrebiT. monumentur mxatvrobaSi am
siuJetis gamoyenebis tradicia bizantiur ZeglebSi XIV sau-
kunidan iRebs saTaves. magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT serbeTSi
graCanicas eklesiis gumbaTis 13220-21 ww. daTariRebul mo-
xatulobas, aTonis mTaze dionisiatis monastris mTavari
taZrisa (1547 w.) da gelaTis monastris sakurTxevlis afsi-
dis moxatulobebs (XV s.), romlebzec `zeciuri liturgiaa~
warmodgenili. graCanicas eklesiis gumbaTis kompoziciaSi
procasiaSi monawile erT-erT angelozs Tavs zemoT aqvs awe-
uli didi dafarniT dafaruli feSxumi, dafarnaze jvaria
gamosaxuli da is jer kidev ar warmoadgens dafarna-garda-
moxsnas (sur. 1). dionisiatis taZris moxatulobaSi, didi ga-
mosvlis procesiaSi angelozebs uflis gamosaxulebiani di-
di dafarnebi mxrebsa da zurgze moxuruli moaqvT (sur. 2.)
(rogorc amas aRwers p. kenWoSvili aTonSi mogzaurobisas),
xolo dafarna-gardamoxsnas 3 angelozi maRla aweuls (Tav-
ze gadafarebuls) moabrZanebs (sur. 3.). gelaTis taZris sa-
kurTxevlis freskaze warmodgenil `zeciuri liturgiis”
sazeimo msvlelobaSi (centaluri kompoziciis _ RmrTis-
mSobeli mTavarangelozTa Soris, qveda registrSi) 2 ange-
lozs aqvs Tavze gadafarebuli didi dafarna-gardamoxsna
gardacvlili iesos gamosaxulebiT (sur. 4.). amave taZris
gumbaTis sferos farTo sartyelSic, aqac saRmrTo litur-
giis kompoziciaSi, angelozebi dasavleTidan aRmosavleTis
mimarTulebiT miabrZaneben did dafarnas _ gardacvlili
macxovris gamosaxulebiT.
taZris moxatulobaSi aseTi zeciuri liturgiis kompo-
ziciebi mxatvris SemoqmedebiTi fantaziis Sedegi rodia,
maT safuZvlad udevs realuri religiuri rituali litur-
giuli didi gamosvlebisa, rogorc amas XV s-is moRvawe svi-
meon Tesalonikeli aRwers. didi dafarnebis gamosvenebis
Zveli ritualis gamoZaxils warmoadgens dReisaTvis yovel-
dRiur RvTismsaxurebaSi danergili wesi _ diakonis (an
mRvdlis) mier didi dafarnis marcxena mxarze gamobrZaneba
(berZnul da serbul marTlmadideblur taZrebSi miRebulia
maTi zurgze gadaSlilad gamobrZaneba, qarTul taZarSi
mxrebze).

372
 taZrebis moxatulobaSi warmodgenil macxovris gamosaxu-
lebiT naqarg didi dafarnebs XV s-mde jer kidev ar erqvaT
gardamoxsnebi (terminis Tanamedrove gagebiT), am dros maT da-
farnisa da gardamoxsnis funqciebi hqondaT SeTavsebuli,
amasTan maTze ar iyo warmodgenili tradiciuli uflis dati-
rebis kompozicia. aseT saxiT maT ramodenime xans iarsebes.
mkvlevarebi varaudoben, rom Sua saukuneebis bolo periodi-
dan dakarga dafarna-gardamoxsnam realuri funqcia da daam-
Tavra Tavisi ganviTareba (mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT). praqti-
kidan gamovida yoveldRiuri RvTismsaxurebisas didi dafar-
nis Tavze gadafarebulad gamobrZanebis Cveuleba da ganviTar-
da axali ritualebi. swored aqedan gadadis sabolood wminda
tilos, wminda armenakis simbolo gardamoxsnaze (Tanamedrove
373
mniSvnelobiT) da misi istoria gardamoxsnis istorias erwymis.
am momentidan moyolebuli gardamoxsna sruliad gamoeyo Ta-
vis pirvelsaxes _ dafarnas da mis istoriaSi daiwyo axali fa-
za. gardamoxsnam RvTismsaxurebaSi gansakuTrebuli roli da
adgili daimkvidra da igive xasiaTi SeiZina, rac Cveulebisa-
mebr ama Tu im dResaswaulis xatebs aqvT. am periodidan daiw-
yes misi gamoiyeneba mxolod vnebis kviraSi.
marTalia, gardamoxsna srulad gamoeyo Tavis winaistori-
as, magram SeinarCuna garegnuli saxe da ikonografiuli Tavi-
seburebani (Tumca ara savsebiT), kerZod masze asaxulia ara
jvridan uflis gardamoxsna, aramed, Zveleburad, misi gaZ-
rcvili sxeuli, axla ukve lodze (berZnulad _ Επιτάφιος, Επι-
ze; τάφιος- lodi, dafa) an sarecelze dasvenebuli. mogvianebiT
kompoziciaSi evangeliseuli (saxarebiseuli) simboloebi, an-
gelozebi, RvTismSobeli, ioane, mtirali dedani da sxva perso-
naJebi iqna Seyvanili. sabolood mravalfigurian siuJeturi
kompoziciebi iqna danergili, romlebic saukuneebis manZilze
SemuSavebul da dakanonebul qristianul ikonografias warmo-
adgens. sazogadod, arsebobs sxvadasxva ikonografiuli prog-
ramebi, gansxvavebuli scenebiT, personaJebiTa da epizodebiT.
saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia ikonografiebi, rom-
lebSic angelozebsa da sxva personaJebTan erTad RvTismSobe-
licaa gamosaxuli.
qarTul enaSi termini `gardamoxsna~ sakmaod gvian dainer-
ga. vnebis kviris ceremonialTan dakavSirebiT termini ixsenie-
ba mxolod XVIII saukunis im tipikonebSi, romlebic rusuli ti-
pikonebis mixedviT aris redaqtirebuli [Wabukiani, 2014]. Cve-
namde moRweuli uZvelisi qarTuli gardamoxsnebia XIV s-iT da-
TariaRebuli saCxerisa da mefe giorgi XVIII-is (1446-1466 ww.)
gardamoxsnebi. mefe giorgi VIII aleqsandres Zis dakveTiT dam-
zadebul gardamoxsnaze arsebuli warweris mixedviT am droi-
saTvis mas `saflavad dadebai~ ewodeba. gamoricxuli ar aris,
rom arsebobda ufro adreuli nimuSebic.
quTaisis istoriul muzeumSi daculi gardamoxsna (nivTi
#6594) gelaTis monastridanaa Semosuli 1923 w (sur. 5). is sak-
maod didi zomisaa _ 109X165 sm. damzadebulia Savi xaverdis
qsovilisagan, saqargav masalad gamoyenebulia oqromkedi, ver-
cxlmkedi, zezi, sxvadasxva feris abreSumis Zafi. gardamoxsnas
aqvs yanaozis sarCuli. naqargoba namagri siTvis teqnikiTaa
Sesrulebuli.

374
 gardamoxsnis centralur figuras lodze dasvenebuli uf-
lis sxeuli warmoadgens, is kanonikis Sesabamisad mTavari fi-
guraa da sxva personaJebTan SedarebiT didicaa. iesos TavTan
mwuxare RvismSobeli dgas, misi xelebis moZraobaSi dramatiz-
mi igrZnoba: marjvena vedrebis pozaSi aqvs gawvdili, xolo sa-
xesTan mitanil marcxenaSi xelsaxoci uWiravs; uflis fexebTan
ioane mociquli dgas mokrZalebulad, lodisaken gadaxrili,
misi saxe da uRonod daSvebuli xeli Rrma mwuxarebas gamoxa-
tavs. lods miRma ori mwuxare angelozis naxevarfigura da maT
Soris qerubimia gamosaxuli. lodis qvemoT centrSi qerubimia
gamosaxuli, mis marcxniv `Zalni”, xolo marjvniv samweroblia-
ni angelozi. gardamoxsnis oTxsave kuTxeSi, wriul segmenteb-
Si, sakmao mkafiod gamoyofil cisfer fonze maxarebelTa sim-
boluri saxeebi arwivi (ioane maxarebeli), frTosani xari (luka
maxarebeli), frTosani lomi (markoz maxarebeli) da angelozia
(maTe maxarebeli) gamosaxuli. personaJebs vinaobis aRmniSvne-
li qaragma axlavs. yvela figura Saravandmosilia.
gardamoxsna Zalze harmoniuli ferTa SexamebiT gamoirCe-
va. oqromkedis, vercxlmkedisa da zezis gamoyenebiT damuSave-
buli uflis sxeulis naTeli feri mis mniSvnelobas damatebiT
usvams xazs da amasTanave, harmoniulad exameba RvTismSoblis
Zoweul da ioanes oqrosfer samoss. mariamis maforiumisa da
baci cisferi Siga samosis drafireba oqromkedis kilouri
siTvis xazebis vertikaluri dinebiTaa warmoqmnili. gansxvave-
buli plastikiTa warmodgenili ioanes gare oqrosferi samosa
375
da Siga cisferi tunika. angelozTa samosis talRebis da frTe-
bis Zowisferi da oqrosferi xazebiT aRniSvna gamomsaxvelobas
aniWebs naqargobas. Semkobis TvalsazrisiT gardamoxsna ma-
Ral-mxatvruli dekoratiulobiT gamoirCeva. lodis safarve-
li jvris formis oTxfurcela yvavilebiTaa morTuli da gars
Semosdevs xviara ylortis ornamenti, wiTel-yviTeli yvavile-
biT. Tavisufali are oqromkedis rvaqimiani varskvlavebiTa da
yvavilebiTaa Sevsebuli. romelTa furclebi feradi abreSumi-
Taa mosiTvuli.
gardamoxsnas gars Semouyveba cisferi da Zowisferi sti-
lizebuli lotosis yvavilebis girliandis ornamentiT Sedge-
nili CarCo-arSia, romlis SigniT asomTavruli warwera oqrom-
kediT isea Cagviristebuli, rom ornamentisgan ganuyofeli
mTlianis STabeWdilebas warmoSobs.
`q. Sunierman ioseb Zelisagan gardamoxsna uxrCwneli guami
Seni qriste armenakiTa wmidiTa wargragna dasneulebiTa SeTan-
veli axalsa saflavsa daedva, aramed mesame dResa aRsdeg da
moaniWe sofelsa didi wyaloba. RmerTo Seiwyale afxazeTis ka-
Talikozi zaqaria qvariani, amin. aman Seamko gardamoxsna ese~.
warwera mniSvnelovania imiT, rom masSi moxsenebulia dam-
kveTis vinaoba da rac mTavaria warweris saSualebiT SesaZle-
belia misi damzadebis drois dadgena, romelic qtitor-Sem-
wirvelis _ afxazeTis kaTalikos zaqaria qvarianis kaTaliko-
sobis periods emTxveva.
warweraSi moxseniebuli zaqaria qvariani istoriuli pi-
rovnebaa. mis Sesaxeb informacia mraval saarqivo masalaSi moi-
poveba: erT-erTi sabuTis mixedviT is imereTis mefis, giorgi
III-is gazrdili unda yofiliyo [qim. sab. #139]. mefes misTvis
uwyalobebia mamuli mwvaneyvavilaze, zogic SesyidviT Seuma-
tebia da augia mTavarangelozis eklesia, cixe-koSki, da sasax-
le. igi genaTeli episkoposis tituls 1637/39 w-dan flobda.
qvariani araerTgzis ixsenieba rusi elCebis _ toloCanovisa
da ievlievis aRwerilobebSi. rusi avtorebi mas mefis sulier
moZRvars uwodeben. genaTeli iyo maTi maspinZeli da igi amave
dros yvela molaparakebaSi iRebda monawileobas, maT Soris
`ficis wignis” saboloo gaformebis ceremonialsa da xelmowe-
raSic. z. qvarianis Sesaxeb Tavis CanawerebSi gadmogvcems evro-
peli misioneri kasteli. igi mRvdelmTavars axasiaTebs, ro-
gorc `kacTmoyvareobiT savses da wminda sarwmunoebisadmi
RvTismosav adamians, kaTolike patrebis keTilismyofels~
[kasteli, 1976].

376
 zaqaria qvariani afxazeTis kaTolikosi gaxda 1657 w. man
aRadgina kaTolikosis rezidenciad gelaTi. misi TaosnobiTa
da SemweobiT mravali sasikeTo saqme gakeTda dasavleT saqar-
TveloSi. gelaTis mTavar taZarSi daculia qvarianis ori
freska – erTi mitropolitobis, meore kaTolikosobis droisa,
Sesabamisi warwerebiT. qvarianis portretuli gamosaxuleba
daculia kastelis albomSic. kaTolikosi gardaicvala 1660 w.
igi dasaflavebulia gelaTis mTavari taZris CrdiloeT mina-
SenSi. warweraSi, marTalia, TariRi miTiTebuli ar aris, magram
aRniSnulia, rom gardamoxsna Seqmnilia z. Qqvarianis kaTaliko-
sobis periodSi, rac 1657-1660 ww. (kaTolikosad kurTxevidan
mis gardacvalebamde) emTxveva [lanCava, 2017].
gelaTuri gardamoxsna msgavsebas amJRavnebs saCxeris gar-
damoxsnasTan, romlis centraluri nawili yvelaze adreulia,
xolo gverdiTi nawilebi XVI s-s ganekuTvneba. gardamoxsnebi
kompoziciurad msgavsad aris ganlagebbuli, personaJebi igi-
vea, maTi ganlageba TiTqmis identuria. msgavsia, aseve, safarve-
lis jvrisebri oTxfurcela yvavileviT da Tavisufali aris
varskvlava yvavilebiT Sevseba. gansxvavebulia gardamoxsnaTa
ferTa gama. gelaTuri gardamoxsnisagan gansxvavebiT saCxerul
gardamoxsnaze ioane mociquli fexze dgas da ara moxrili; ie-
sos zeviT ori angelozisa da qerubimis nacvlad sami molivli-
ve angelozia warmodgenili da sxv. misTanani.
rogorc vxedavT, quTaisis istoriul muzeumSi daculi z.
qvarianis gelaTuri gardamoxsna kulturuli memkvidreobis
mniSvnelovani nivTieri Zeglia, romlis Rirebuleba mxolod
maRal-mxatvruli niSan-TvisebiT rodi Semoifargleba, aramed
is Rrmad gaazrebuli ikonografiuli da dogmatur-simbolu-
ri kanonikiT SemuSavebuli nimuSTagania.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. xaxiSvili, n. zmnuri warmomavlobis zogi terminisaTvis

qarTulSi (dafarna, gardamoxsna) iberiul — kavkasiuri
enaTmecniereba: t40, 2012. gv. 27.
2. Кекелидзе К. Литургические грузинские памятники в отечественных
книгохранилищах и их научное значение. Тифлис, 1908, с. 350—372.
3. Успенский, Н. Д. Византийская литургия (гл. 3) БОГОСЛОВСКИЕ
ТРУДЫ, 23 Историко-литургическое исследование) ИЗДАНИЕ
МОСКОВСКОЙ ПАТРИАРХИИ М.: 1982, с. 42];
377
4. Троицкий И. История плащаницы http://orthodox.ru/olb/344.php
5. Wabukiani, d. uZvelesi gardamoxsna saqarTvelos xelovne-
bis saxelmwifo muzeumidan
http://www.dzeglebi.ge/statiebi/xelovneba/udzvelesi_gardamoxsna.html
6. qim. sab. #139 quTaisis istoriuli muzeumis sabuTi
7. kasteli, k. cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, saxel-
gami 1976, gv. 154].
8. lanCava o., CubiniZe e., ugrexeliZe i., sulaberiZe d. da sxve-
bi Zveli qarTuli naqargoba, awsu gamomcemloba, quTaisi
2017.

Irina Ugrekhelidze
Nona Kartsidze
Eliso Chubinidze

Ancient Epitapios from Gelati Monastery preserved at Kutaisi

Historical Museum

The real masterpiece of late medieval period — Epitapios of Gelati

Monastery is outstanding for its high artistic value and quality and plays a
significant role in the oldest Georgian embroidery collection of Kutaisi State
Historical Museum. In general, for Orthodox Church it carries a deep meaning
and dogmatic beliefs that make it a liturgical thing of great importance. It is a
rather large size rectangular fabric depicting Christ taken off the cross after
his crucifixion, and then rested on the bed with surrounding friends mourned
over his body.
During the worship of the Red Friday, Deposition of Christ is taken out of
the alter and placed in the centre of church before dawn on Easter Sunday, then
it is returned to the alter –Trapeze, where it remains until Ascension Day.
Epitapios with the Lementation i.e. Descent from the cross has a long
history of its origin and development. It is remarkable by its iconography
program. There is Asomtavruli inscription on the edging of the tapestry
trimmed with silverthread or goldthread which mentions Ktetor-donator,
Abkhazian Catholicos Zakaria Kvariani. Deposition of Christ , ordered by
Zakaria Kvariani was created during the period from the year he became a
catholic until his death, i.e. in the late 1650s.
A Epitapios with the Lementation from Gelati Monastry is similar to other
ancient Georgian Epitapios items, which have a high artistic value and
extraordinary power, symbolizing the holy sepulcher.

378
 eTnologia, folklori, dialeqtologia

29. nugzar mgelaZe — Savi zRva da sazRvao tradiciebis

asaxva qarTul erovnul cnobierebaSi............................ 317
30. TinaTin ivelaSvili — ufros-umcrosobis
tradiciuli etiketi XXI saukunis saqarTveloSi ...... 342
31. naTia kalandaZe — qorwineba zemo guriaSi
(XX saukune).................................................................................351
32. nanuli noRaideli — motivaciis sakiTxisaTvis
aWaruli dialeqtikis leqsikaSi ....................................... 359
33. ciala narakiZe — didaqtikur-moralisturi xasiaTis
andazebi lazur folklorSi ............................................. 365

religiaTmcodneoba

34. irina ugrexeliZe/nona qarciZe/eliso CubiniZe —

uZveleis gelaTuri gardamoxsna quTaisis
istoriuli muzeumidan........................................................ 369
35. abesalom aslaniZe — islamis adgilisaTvis XX
saukunis 20-iani wlebis saqarTveloSi............................ 379
36. kaxa futkaraZe — islamuri fundamentalizmi da
saqarTvelo ............................................................................. 387

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Tbilisi, 0186, a. politkovskaias #4. : 5(99) 33 52 02, 5(99) 17 22 30
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