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ABS 原理及故障诊断
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培训内容
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一、 ABS 产品简介
• MK70ABS 产品简介
• MK70ABS 的产品结构
• MK70ABS 系统的功能组成
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MK70 ABS Functions 系统的功能组成
基础ABS
ABS功能
EBD
TCS TCS功能
AYC ESP功能
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二、 MK70 ABS 系统控制原理
制动力并不一定与打滑率成正比,而
是当打滑率在 10%-30% 之间时最大。超
过 30% , 制动力逐渐减小。所以 , 为了使
制动力保持最大,打滑率应该总是保持在
10%-30% 之间。 ABS 的设计 , 就是不论
道路情况如何 , 总使打滑率保持在这个范
围之内 ,从而使制动性能最佳 , 始终保持
转向可操纵性。 The relationship between
brake force and slid-roll ratio is not direct
ratio, while brake force reaches its max value
when the slid-ratio is between 10%-30%. So
in order to get the best brake performance
and keep steering in control, the best way of
ABS design is to keep the slid-ratio in the
scale of 10% to 30%
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MK70 ABS 系统的组成结
构及防
抱制动控制原理
Speed sensor Hydraulic control unit Master cylinder
booster
control
ABS alarm lamp
Malfunction
code and
information
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MK70 ABS 工作原理
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ABS 制动过程
Low pressure energy storage
Admission
valve
Hydraulic
pump
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I 制动开始时建压
Pressure is produced at the beginning of braking
Low pressure energy storage
Hydrauli
c pump
Brake pressure
Admissi
Normally
on valve
closed valve
Wheel speed
Normally open
Pressur
valve
e valve
Pressure buildup
process
Wheel brake
time
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I 制动开始时建压
Pressure is produced at the beginning of braking
制动开始时 , 轮缸通过总泵助力器建立制动压力。
此时常开阀打开,常闭阀关闭,轮缸处制动压力升高,
车轮转速迅速降低,直到 ECU 识别到车轮的抱死倾向
为 止 。 Brake pressure is produced by
the wheel cylinder through the master
cylinder booster at the beginning of
braking. At this time, the normally
open valve opens, and the normally
closed valve closes. So brake pressure
at the wheel cylinder increases and
the speed of the wheel decreases
rapidly. And the decrease won’t stop
until ECU detects tendency of wheel
block. 13
II 减工作示意图
PressureLowrelease
pressure energy storage
Normally open
valve
Wheel speed
time
Pressure release Wheel speed
process
车轮转速
Wheel brake
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II 减压
Pressure release
当 车 轮 有 抱 死 倾 向 时 , ABS 进 入 减 压 阶 段 。 此
时, ECU 控制常闭阀打开,常开阀关闭,液压泵开始工作,
制动液由轮缸被送回主缸 ,制动压力降低 ,制动踏板出现
抖 动 , 车 轮 抱 死 程 度 降 低 , 车 轮 转 速 开 始 增 加 。 The
pressure decrease phase begins when there
is tendency of wheel block. And at this
time, the normally closed valve opens and
the normally open valve closed. The
hydraulic pump starts operating with
brake fluid sent back to the master
cylinder by wheel cylinder and brake
pressure decreasing, and the brake pedal
shaking. In this way the level of the
wheel block decreases and the speed start
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III 压力保持示意图
Pressure maintenance
Low pressure energy storage
Hydraulic
pump
Admission
valve Normally closed valve
Brake pressure
Normally
Pressure open
Pressure valve
Wheel speed
maintenance
process valve
Wheel brake
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III 压力保持
Pressure maintenance
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IV 升压示意图
Pressure increase
Low pressure energy storage
booster
Master cylinder
Hydraulic
pump
Admission Normally
Brake pressure
Normally
Wheel speed
Pressure
increase
process
Wheel brake
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IV 升压
Pressure increase
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电子制动力分配 (EBD)
Electronic brake force distribution
EBD 是基础 ABS 的扩展功能 , 用于在制动过程中 ( 未进入 ABS 控制
时)调
整前后轴上的制动器制动力分配,保证车辆的制动稳定性。
EBD is one of the extended functions of basic ABS,
which is
used in the course of braking to adjust the
distribution of
brake force between the front and the
使用 EBD
rear 功能
axle so,就可以替代原有的限压阀
that thebrake stability
、
of the vehicle can be assured.
比例阀和感载阀。
EBD is used in place of the
limiting
Brake pressure adjuster
pressure valve, the
proportioning
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EBD 的工作原理
Operating elements of EBD
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三、 MK70 ABS 系统其它
组成部分及注意事项
(1) 轮速传感器
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三、 MK70 ABS 系统其它
组成部分及注意事项
(1) 轮速传感器
● 两个以上转速传感器失灵:
—ABS 不是正在进行调节 , 控制器被关闭。 ABS/EBD 警
告灯均被点亮。
— 当 ABS 正在进行调节,控制器采取与单个轮速传感器失
效相同的策略。
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(2) 制动灯开关 Brake lamp switch
制动灯开关位于制动踏板下边 , 其作用是制动踏板信
号输送到电子控制单元,并在制动过程中点亮制动尾
灯 。 Brake lamp switch is fixed under the
brake pedal, which sends signals of the
pedal into ECU and illuminates rear lights
at the same time.
(3) ABS 警告灯 ABS alarm light
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(4) 泵电机 Pmup motor
泵电机位于液压控制单元上方。不允许将电机从液
压控制单元上拆卸下来。若泵电机产生故障,则 ABS 功能
中断,电子制动力分配 EBD 功能仍能保持工作, ABS 警告
灯点亮。 Pump electric motor lies upon the
HCU and can not be torn down from it. The
ABS function intermitted and the ABS alarm
light illuminates on the occasion of the
failure of the motor.
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四、 MK70 ABS 的故障诊断
开始
(1) 诊断流程
在断电状态下连接故障诊断仪 参照故障码故障检查表进行维修
钥匙开关打到“ON”档 清除故障码
使用诊断仪对ABS进行通讯 钥匙开关断电,拆下故障诊断仪
参考无故障码故障 否 能否通讯?
实车行驶检查
检查表进行检查
能 否
是否正常?
使用诊断仪进行诊断
能
记录故障码 结束
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Trouble Hunting of MK70 ABS TLFAW
钥匙开关打到“ON”档
Key switch to ON 清除故障码
Clear the trouble code
使用诊断仪对ABS进行通讯
Communication with ABS using fault finder 钥匙开关断电,拆下故障诊断仪
Key switch to OFF, un-equip the fault finder
Record记录故障码
the trouble code 结束
End
Note : if the ABS alarm lamp illuminates when the vehicle is operating or fails to
illume at ignition_ON, it means there must be something wrong with ABS. And in
this case, One should try to find the trouble following the scheme above .
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(2)诊断仪的使用方法
Instruction of the fault finder
1 在断电的情况下将诊断仪的 D 型头插入车辆上的诊断插座
Insert the D-type plug of the fault finder into the diagnostic
plug board on the vehicle when power is off
2 接通点火开关
Switch to ignition ON
3 按下诊断仪上的“ OK” 键,在建立与 ABS 的通讯后进入诊断仪的功能界面
Press OK key on fault finder and enter the function interface
of it after establishing communication with ABS
4 读取故障代码及故障描述,或进行其它诊断仪所支持的功能
Read trouble code and description , or go on with other
functions of fault finder
5 使用完毕后断电,并拆下诊断仪
Turn off the power and un-equip the fault finder
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使用诊断仪对 ABS 系
统进行动作测试
序号 检测者施加动作 测试零部件 ABS状态 动作测试结果
1 液压泵 运行声音
2 EVL:0V AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT
建压 车轮抱死
3 常开阀:0V 常闭阀:0V 车轮抱死
4 EVL:UBAT AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT
压力保持 车轮抱死
5 常开阀:通电 常闭阀:0V 车轮抱死
6 EVL:UBAT AVL:UBAT RAD free 车轮可以被自由转
踩住制动踏板 减压 动,踏板回弹,可以
7 常开阀:通电 常闭阀:通电 车轮自由 听见泵电机工作噪音
8 EVL:UBAT AVL:0V RAD free
压力保持 车轮可以被自由转动
9 常开阀:通电 常闭阀:0V 车轮自由
10 EVL:0V AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT 车轮抱死,踏板自动
升压
11 常开阀:0V 常闭阀:0V 车轮抱死 微微下沉
注:对每个车轮进行测试,顺序为:左前、右前、左后、右后
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Action test TLFAW
NO. action of inspector components under test ABS condition action test result
1 hydraulic pump sound of driving
2 EVL:0V AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT
pressure buildup wheel blocked
3 normally open valve:0V normally closed valve:0V wheel blocked
4 EVL:UBAT AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT
pressure maintenance wheel blocked
5 normally open valve:power_ON normally closed valve:0V wheel blocked
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ABS 的系统排气
Exhaust of ABS system
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(3) 故障诊断时的注意事项
Cautions of trouble hunting
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现象 phenomena 说明 Instructions
系统自检 发动发动机后,有时候会从发动机舱中传出类似碰击的声音,这是
声音 Self- ABS 进行自检的声音,并非不正常。 Sometimes after starting of
checking the engine bumping sound comes out from the engine compartment,
sound of the which should not be considered as abnormal for it‘s self-checking
system sound of the ABS.
ABS 起作用 1. ABS 液压单元内电动机的声音。 Motor sound of ABS hydraulic
时的声音 unit
Working 2. 与制动踏板振动一起产生的声音。 Sound generated together with
sound of BS vibration of the brake pedal
3. ABS 工作时,因制动而引起悬架碰击声或轮胎与地面接触 发
出吱嘎声。 Bumping sound of suspension caused by brake or
quack sound of friction of tires and the ground when ABS is
working
ABS 起作用 在积雪或是砂石路面上,有 ABS 的车辆的制动距离有时候会比没
,但制动距 有 ABS 车辆的制动距离长。因此须提醒驾驶人在上述路面行驶
离长 ABS 时应加倍小心。 On the road of snow or gravel, braking distance of
works but vehicles with ABS sometimes is longer than that of vehecles
braking without ABS. So it‘s necessary to remind the driver to be more
distance is careful on roads of those kinds above.
long
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五、故障实例
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• 2 、名称: ABS 故障灯有时亮
• 车型:威志两厢 ; 行驶里程: 2311Km
• 问题描述:客户反应行车时 ABS 灯有时亮,有时不亮,来维修
站的时候就不亮了,回家后又亮了。
• 用 X431 检测
• 故障码:左前轮速传感器间歇性断 / 短路 ;
• 左前轮速传感器持续性电压偏
高。
• 数据流:
• X431 检测:行车时四轮轮速显示均正常(同步)。
• 线路检查
• 检查左前轮速传感器时发现传感器线束有挤压现象,
测量传感器线路断路。
• 产生原因:
• 左前轮速传感器线路断路
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解决办法
更换左前轮
速传感器。
分析
该故障已发
现 3 例,其中 2 例
为出厂前装配不当
引发的故障, 1 例
为后期装配不当引
发的故障。
右图所示为故障发
生的原因及建议改
进措施。
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互 相 交 流
共 同 进 步