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MK70

ABS 原理及故障诊断

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培训内容

一、 ABS 产品简介 Introduction


二、 ABS 系统防抱制动控制的工作原理
三、 ABS 系统其它组成部分及注意事项
Control Elements of MK70 ABS
四、 ABS 的故障诊断 Trouble Shootting

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一、 ABS 产品简介

• MK70ABS 产品简介
• MK70ABS 的产品结构
• MK70ABS 系统的功能组成

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MK70 ABS Functions 系统的功能组成

MK70 ABS 系统在具有 ABS 功能的基础上,在无须更改阀块尺寸和液压及电气


联接形式的同时,可以方便地扩展并实现: TCS (防滑控制 )、 ESP (动态牵引
力方向稳定控制)、 DDS( 轮胎漏气监测 ) 等功能。 In addition to the basic ABS
function, MK60 ABS can be easily extended with the functions of TCS( anti-skid
control system), ESP( electronic stability program ),DDS( tyre flat inspection), and
so on, without any change of the size of the valve and the electric connection style.

基础ABS
ABS功能
EBD

TCS TCS功能

AYC ESP功能

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二、 MK70 ABS 系统控制原理

制动力并不一定与打滑率成正比,而
是当打滑率在 10%-30% 之间时最大。超
过 30% , 制动力逐渐减小。所以 , 为了使
制动力保持最大,打滑率应该总是保持在
10%-30% 之间。 ABS 的设计 , 就是不论
道路情况如何 , 总使打滑率保持在这个范
围之内 ,从而使制动性能最佳 , 始终保持
转向可操纵性。 The relationship between
brake force and slid-roll ratio is not direct
ratio, while brake force reaches its max value
when the slid-ratio is between 10%-30%. So
in order to get the best brake performance
and keep steering in control, the best way of
ABS design is to keep the slid-ratio in the
scale of 10% to 30%

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MK70 ABS 系统的组成结
构及防
抱制动控制原理
Speed sensor Hydraulic control unit Master cylinder
booster

Brake hydraulic pressure

Brake lamp switch

Electronic control unit

Inspect Watch alarm

control
ABS alarm lamp

Malfunction
code and
information

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MK70 ABS 工作原理

MK70 ABS 系统的 ECU 根据轮速传感器获得的车轮转速信号,判断


当前车轮和车辆的动态运动状况,通过在制动过程中实施一系列的制动压
力控制循环来使车轮不产生抱死,同时使车轮处于较理想的运动状态 ,以
获得最佳的地面制动力。
例如:
 当车轮将要抱死时,控制相应的阀和泵动作,以减小轮缸的制动压力,
防止车轮抱死
 当车轮转速回升时,控制相应的阀动作,以保持轮缸的制动压力,以防
止轮速过快地升高
 当车轮转速过高时,控制相应的阀动作,以增加轮缸的制动压力,防止
地面制动力的减小
由此构成了 ABS 工作的基本压力调节循环。

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ABS 制动过程
Low pressure energy storage

Master cylinder booster

Admission
valve
Hydraulic
pump

Normally closed valve


Pressure valve

Normally open valve

•建压 Pressure buildup Wheel brake

•减压 Pressure decrease


•保压 Pressure maintenance
•升压 Pressure increase

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I 制动开始时建压
Pressure is produced at the beginning of braking
Low pressure energy storage

Master cylinder booster

Hydrauli
c pump
Brake pressure

Admissi
Normally
on valve
closed valve
Wheel speed

Normally open
Pressur
valve
e valve

Pressure buildup
process

Wheel brake

time

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I 制动开始时建压
Pressure is produced at the beginning of braking

制动开始时 , 轮缸通过总泵助力器建立制动压力。
此时常开阀打开,常闭阀关闭,轮缸处制动压力升高,
车轮转速迅速降低,直到 ECU 识别到车轮的抱死倾向
为 止 。 Brake pressure is produced by
the wheel cylinder through the master
cylinder booster at the beginning of
braking. At this time, the normally
open valve opens, and the normally
closed valve closes. So brake pressure
at the wheel cylinder increases and
the speed of the wheel decreases
rapidly. And the decrease won’t stop
until ECU detects tendency of wheel
block. 13
II 减工作示意图

PressureLowrelease
pressure energy storage

Master cylinder booster

Pressure release process

Hydraulic Brake 压力释放过程


Admissio pump pressure
n valve 制动压力
Pressure Normally
valve closed valve
Brake pressure

Normally open
valve
Wheel speed

time
Pressure release Wheel speed
process
车轮转速
Wheel brake

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II 减压
Pressure release

当 车 轮 有 抱 死 倾 向 时 , ABS 进 入 减 压 阶 段 。 此
时, ECU 控制常闭阀打开,常开阀关闭,液压泵开始工作,
制动液由轮缸被送回主缸 ,制动压力降低 ,制动踏板出现
抖 动 , 车 轮 抱 死 程 度 降 低 , 车 轮 转 速 开 始 增 加 。 The
pressure decrease phase begins when there
is tendency of wheel block. And at this
time, the normally closed valve opens and
the normally open valve closed. The
hydraulic pump starts operating with
brake fluid sent back to the master
cylinder by wheel cylinder and brake
pressure decreasing, and the brake pedal
shaking. In this way the level of the
wheel block decreases and the speed start
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III 压力保持示意图
Pressure maintenance
Low pressure energy storage

Master cylinder booster

Hydraulic
pump

Admission
valve Normally closed valve
Brake pressure

Normally
Pressure open
Pressure valve
Wheel speed

maintenance
process valve

Wheel brake

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III 压力保持
Pressure maintenance

为防止轮速迅速回升 ,ABS 进入保压过程。此


时 ECU 控制常开阀关闭 ,常闭阀仍保持关闭 ,保持轮
缸 的 压 力 不 变 , 轮 速 缓 慢 上 升 。 In order to
avoid rapid increase of wheel speed,
ABS starts the maintenance phase. At
this time, ECU closes the normally
closed valve and also the normally
open valve. So pressure of the wheel
cylinder is maintained and the speed
increases slowly.

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IV 升压示意图
Pressure increase
Low pressure energy storage

booster
Master cylinder

Hydraulic
pump
Admission Normally
Brake pressure

valve closed valve

Normally
Wheel speed

Pressure valve open valve

Pressure
increase
process
Wheel brake

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IV 升压
Pressure increase

当车轮转速升高后, ABS 进入升压阶段。 ECU


控制常开阀打开 ,常闭阀关闭。随着制动压力增加 ,
车 轮 再 次 被 制 动 和 减 速 。 Pressure increase
phase of ABS after the wheel speed has
been increased, when ECU opens the
normally open valve and closes the
normally closed valve. In this way,
with the increase of brake pressure,
speed of the wheel is decreased and
braked again.

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电子制动力分配 (EBD)
Electronic brake force distribution
 EBD 是基础 ABS 的扩展功能 , 用于在制动过程中 ( 未进入 ABS 控制
时)调
整前后轴上的制动器制动力分配,保证车辆的制动稳定性。
 EBD is one of the extended functions of basic ABS,
which is
used in the course of braking to adjust the
distribution of
brake force between the front and the
使用 EBD
 rear 功能
axle so,就可以替代原有的限压阀
that thebrake stability

of the vehicle can be assured.
比例阀和感载阀。
 EBD is used in place of the
limiting
Brake pressure adjuster
pressure valve, the
proportioning
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EBD 的工作原理
Operating elements of EBD

与 ABS 工作原理类似, EBD 仍然是通过控制各轮


缸处的制动液压力来调节前后轴的制动力分配,同样也
由升压、保持压力和减压所构成基本的压力控制循环
来控制。
Elements of EBD is similar to that
of ABS. Adjustment of the distribution
of the brake force between the front
and the rear axle is also through the
control of brake fluid pressure at each
wheel cylinder using the pressure
control cycle consists of several
parts: pressure increase, pressure
maintenance, pressure decrease.
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EBD 的工作原理
Operating elements of EBD

Low pressure energy storage


其中升压和保持压力的工作过程与相应的
ABS 压力调节过程完全一样 , 而减压过程则有
所不同:当后轮有抱死倾向时, ECU 控制常开阀
Master
关闭 , 常闭阀打开 , 但此时液压泵并不工作 ,所 cylinder booster
排出的制动液暂时存放在低压蓄能器中 ,使轮
缸压力降低 . Pressure increase phase Admission
Normally
and the pressure maintenance phase valve
Hydr closed valve
of ABS and EBD are all the same aulic
Normally
pump
while the pressure decrease phase Pressure open valve

has some differences. For EBD, valve

when block tendency of rear wheels


is detected, ECU closes the
normally open valve and opens the Wheel brake
normally closed valve without
operating the hydraulic pump. The
discharged brake fluid is
temporarily stored in the low
pressure energy storage. In this
way the wheel cylinder pressure
decreases.
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EBD 动作结束
End of EBD

在仅有 EBD 控制的制动过程结 Low pressure energy storage


束时 , EBD 控制过程中为了减压而排
Master cylinder
到低压蓄能器中的制动液在松开制动
踏板和打开常闭阀后将回到主缸 , 为
Hydraulic
下 一 次 ABS 或 EBD 控 制 作 好 准 pump

备。 At the end of a braking Admission valve


course which is only under
the control of EBD, the Normally open valve Normally closed valve
Pressure valv
brake fluid, which has been
stored in the energy
storage temporarily in
order to decrease pressure,
flow back to the master Wheel brake

cylinder when the brake


pedal is released and the
normally closed valve is
opened, preparing for the
next ABS or EBD control.
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MK70 ABS 电气接线图

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三、 MK70 ABS 系统其它
组成部分及注意事项
(1) 轮速传感器

轮速传感器的作用是向 ECU 提供各车轮的轮速信号。由于轮


速信号是 ECU 各功能模块正常工作的基础,所以为保证安全,在传感器
失效后, ECU 会采取以下措施:
● 单个转速传感器失灵:
—ABS 不是正在进行调节,除了电子制动力分配( EBD )功能外,
其他所有功能均中断,同时 ABS 警告灯点亮。
—ABS 正在进行调节: 1. 如果某一个前轮轮速传感器失效,则
相应轮上的 ABS 功能中断。 2. 如果传感器失效发生在某一后轮 ,那
么对两个后轮的制动压力均要降低。 3. 当 ABS 控制功能循环结束后
,停止除 EBD 功能以外的其他所有功能,同时点亮 ABS 警告灯。

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三、 MK70 ABS 系统其它
组成部分及注意事项

(1) 轮速传感器

●   两个以上转速传感器失灵:
  —ABS 不是正在进行调节 , 控制器被关闭。 ABS/EBD 警
告灯均被点亮。
  — 当 ABS 正在进行调节,控制器采取与单个轮速传感器失
效相同的策略。

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(2) 制动灯开关 Brake lamp switch
制动灯开关位于制动踏板下边 , 其作用是制动踏板信
号输送到电子控制单元,并在制动过程中点亮制动尾
灯 。 Brake lamp switch is fixed under the
brake pedal, which sends signals of the
pedal into ECU and illuminates rear lights
at the same time.
(3) ABS 警告灯 ABS alarm light

ABS 警告灯位于仪表板上。在以下情况时 , ABS 警告灯点亮 ABS


alarm light lies on the instrument panel. It illuminates under the following
conditions:
● 点 火 开 关 接 通 ( 自 检 约 1.8 秒 后 , 警 告 灯 熄 灭 )
Ignition_ON( alarm light turns off after 1.8s’ self check)
●  当 ABS 功能失效时 ABS fails to work
●   在 对 ABS 的 诊 断 过 程 中 ,ABS 警 告 灯 闪 烁 ABS is being
checked ( alarm light blinks )

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(4) 泵电机 Pmup motor
泵电机位于液压控制单元上方。不允许将电机从液
压控制单元上拆卸下来。若泵电机产生故障,则 ABS 功能
中断,电子制动力分配 EBD 功能仍能保持工作, ABS 警告
灯点亮。 Pump electric motor lies upon the
HCU and can not be torn down from it. The
ABS function intermitted and the ABS alarm
light illuminates on the occasion of the
failure of the motor.

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四、 MK70 ABS 的故障诊断
开始
(1) 诊断流程
在断电状态下连接故障诊断仪 参照故障码故障检查表进行维修

钥匙开关打到“ON”档 清除故障码

使用诊断仪对ABS进行通讯 钥匙开关断电,拆下故障诊断仪

参考无故障码故障 否 能否通讯?
实车行驶检查
检查表进行检查
能 否
是否正常?
使用诊断仪进行诊断

记录故障码 结束

如果在车辆的使用期间发生 ABS 警告灯常亮或者在点火时完全不亮,则


说明 ABS 存在故障,可以按照以上流程进行诊断。

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Trouble Hunting of MK70 ABS TLFAW

(1)trouble hunting flow


scheme
开始
start

Repair referring to the trouble code


在断电状态下连接故障诊断仪
Connect the fault finder at power off 参照故障码故障检查表进行维修
trouble-shooting table

钥匙开关打到“ON”档
Key switch to ON 清除故障码
Clear the trouble code

使用诊断仪对ABS进行通讯
Communication with ABS using fault finder 钥匙开关断电,拆下故障诊断仪
Key switch to OFF, un-equip the fault finder

Inspect referring to the


参考无故障码故障 否
NO 实车行驶检查
Driving inspection
none trouble code 能否通讯??
Communication
检查表进行检查
trouble-shooting table

YES 否
No
是否正常?
Normal?
使用诊断仪进行诊断
Detect with fault finder

Yes

Record记录故障码
the trouble code 结束
End

Note : if the ABS alarm lamp illuminates when the vehicle is operating or fails to
illume at ignition_ON, it means there must be something wrong with ABS. And in
this case, One should try to find the trouble following the scheme above .

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(2)诊断仪的使用方法
Instruction of the fault finder
1 在断电的情况下将诊断仪的 D 型头插入车辆上的诊断插座
Insert the D-type plug of the fault finder into the diagnostic
plug board on the vehicle when power is off
2 接通点火开关
Switch to ignition ON
3 按下诊断仪上的“ OK” 键,在建立与 ABS 的通讯后进入诊断仪的功能界面
Press OK key on fault finder and enter the function interface
of it after establishing communication with ABS
4 读取故障代码及故障描述,或进行其它诊断仪所支持的功能
Read trouble code and description , or go on with other
functions of fault finder
5 使用完毕后断电,并拆下诊断仪
Turn off the power and un-equip the fault finder

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使用诊断仪对 ABS 系
统进行动作测试
序号 检测者施加动作 测试零部件 ABS状态 动作测试结果
1 液压泵 运行声音
2 EVL:0V AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT
建压 车轮抱死
3 常开阀:0V 常闭阀:0V 车轮抱死
4 EVL:UBAT AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT
压力保持 车轮抱死
5 常开阀:通电 常闭阀:0V 车轮抱死
6 EVL:UBAT AVL:UBAT RAD free 车轮可以被自由转
踩住制动踏板 减压 动,踏板回弹,可以
7 常开阀:通电 常闭阀:通电 车轮自由 听见泵电机工作噪音
8 EVL:UBAT AVL:0V RAD free
压力保持 车轮可以被自由转动
9 常开阀:通电 常闭阀:0V 车轮自由
10 EVL:0V AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT 车轮抱死,踏板自动
升压
11 常开阀:0V 常闭阀:0V 车轮抱死 微微下沉

注:对每个车轮进行测试,顺序为:左前、右前、左后、右后

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Action test TLFAW
NO. action of inspector components under test ABS condition action test result
1 hydraulic pump sound of driving
2 EVL:0V AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT
pressure buildup wheel blocked
3 normally open valve:0V normally closed valve:0V wheel blocked
4 EVL:UBAT AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT
pressure maintenance wheel blocked
5 normally open valve:power_ON normally closed valve:0V wheel blocked

6 EVL:UBAT AVL:UBAT RAD free wheel can be turned


freely,pedal
pressure decrease spring back,noise
7 step on the brake pedal normally open valve:power_ON normally closed valve:power_0N wheel free of the pump motor
is audible

8 EVL:UBAT AVL:0V RAD free wheel can be turned


pressure maintenance
9 normally open valve:power_ON normally closed valve:0V wheel free freely
10 EVL:0V AVL:0V RAD BLOCKIERT wheel blocked,
automatically
pressure increase
11 normally open valve:0V normally closed valve:0V wheel blocked slight sink of the
pedal

Note:sequence of tests on wheels:left-front、right-front、left-rear、right-rear

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ABS 的系统排气
Exhaust of ABS system

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(3) 故障诊断时的注意事项
Cautions of trouble hunting

ABS 采用电子液压控制 , 因此在 ABS


系统正常工作情况下出现下表所列现象是正
常的 , 并不是故障。 ABS system uses
the method of electronic
hydraulic control, so the
following conditions are
recognized as normal if the
system works normally

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现象 phenomena 说明 Instructions
系统自检 发动发动机后,有时候会从发动机舱中传出类似碰击的声音,这是
声音 Self- ABS 进行自检的声音,并非不正常。 Sometimes after starting of
checking the engine bumping sound comes out from the engine compartment,
sound of the which should not be considered as abnormal for it‘s self-checking
system sound of the ABS.
ABS 起作用 1. ABS 液压单元内电动机的声音。 Motor sound of ABS hydraulic
时的声音 unit
Working 2. 与制动踏板振动一起产生的声音。 Sound generated together with
sound of BS vibration of the brake pedal
3. ABS 工作时,因制动而引起悬架碰击声或轮胎与地面接触 发
出吱嘎声。 Bumping sound of suspension caused by brake or
quack sound of friction of tires and the ground when ABS is
working
ABS 起作用 在积雪或是砂石路面上,有 ABS 的车辆的制动距离有时候会比没
,但制动距 有 ABS 车辆的制动距离长。因此须提醒驾驶人在上述路面行驶
离长 ABS 时应加倍小心。 On the road of snow or gravel, braking distance of
works but vehicles with ABS sometimes is longer than that of vehecles
braking without ABS. So it‘s necessary to remind the driver to be more
distance is careful on roads of those kinds above.
long
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五、故障实例

• 1 、名称: ABS 故障灯亮


• 车型: CA7130(DLX) 系列
VIN:LFP72APB8650D3652
• 发动机号: D406994 行驶里程: 11300 公里
• 故障描述:车辆行驶时 ABS 灯有时常亮。 X431 电脑
检测故障显示为左前轮车速传感器开路故障。
• 故障原因: ABS 电脑线束 33---34 号端子松动。
• 解决方法:紧固线束连接部位,消除故障码,路试(时
速 40 公里)故障消除。

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• 2 、名称: ABS 故障灯有时亮
• 车型:威志两厢 ; 行驶里程: 2311Km
• 问题描述:客户反应行车时 ABS 灯有时亮,有时不亮,来维修
站的时候就不亮了,回家后又亮了。
• 用 X431 检测
• 故障码:左前轮速传感器间歇性断 / 短路 ;
• 左前轮速传感器持续性电压偏
高。
• 数据流:
• X431 检测:行车时四轮轮速显示均正常(同步)。
• 线路检查
• 检查左前轮速传感器时发现传感器线束有挤压现象,
测量传感器线路断路。
• 产生原因:
• 左前轮速传感器线路断路

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解决办法
更换左前轮
速传感器。
分析
该故障已发
现 3 例,其中 2 例
为出厂前装配不当
引发的故障, 1 例
为后期装配不当引
发的故障。
右图所示为故障发
生的原因及建议改
进措施。

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互 相 交 流
共 同 进 步

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