2

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4

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I.

1.

,
,
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,
(2).

, ..
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, (,
,

,
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(3).

2.
1. , (1990)
:
-
-

(3).

2. ICD-10
-1992
F 80
F 80. 0

6
F 80. 1
F 80. 2
F 80. 3 (Landau-Kleffner sy)
F 80. 8
F 80. 9 ,
F 81
F 81. 0
F 81. 1
F 81. 2
F 81. 3
F 81. 8
F 81. 9 ,
F 82
F 83
F 84
F 84. 0
F 84. 1
F 84. 2 Rett-
F 84. 3
F 84. 4

F 84. 5 -
F 84. 8
F 84. 9 ,
F 88
F 89 (4).
3. , 1969, 1975
- ()
-

()

7
-

-
(5).

4.
, 1963
- DYSARTHRIA -
-

DYSENEIA -

DYSGLOSSIA

, ,
-

DYSLALIA -

DYSLOGIA -

DYSPHASIA - -

DYSPHEMIA

DYSPHRASIA -

DYSPHTONGIA -
,

DYSRHYTHMIA -

DYSPHONIA -

DYSLEXIA - (6).

5. -
, 1987
1. - ()
2. -

8
3. -( )
4. -
5. -
6.
7. - ,

8. `
9. -
10. -
11. -
12.
13. -
14. -
(7).
6.

( , . 30 19.04.2000)
- -
-

(2).

7. ,
(Who, Geneve, 1980)
(30-34)
30.
31.
32.
33.

9
34.
(35-39)
35.
36.
37.
38.
39. (8).

3.

, , ,

. ,
6%
, 3-8%
- (1).


1997/1998 .


,
.
, ,
. ,

(9).

5-10%

, 50-60%
, 30% otitis media, 5-10%
, 5-10%
- (10).

10

,
49.400
. ,
,
,
(11).

4.
1. (ALALIA) - ,

. (8).
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(DYSLALIA)

,
. DYSLALII:
-

(sigmatuzmus)-
, , , , , , , ,

(rhotatizmus)

(lambdacismus)-

(7, 8).
3. (RHYNOPHONIA) -
.
.
4. (RHYNOLALIA) - ,

-
.
5. (DYSENEIA) -
() .
6. (ANATHRIA) -
.
7. (DISATHRIA) -

11

, .
8. (TAHIPHEMIA) - ,
(7).
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10. (BALBUTITIO) -

. :
, , ,
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), (, ,
), (7, 8).
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,
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(12).
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(7).
13. (DYSPHONIA) -
. , (7).
14. (DYSPHEMIA) -
(6).
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.

. ,
(7, 12).
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, . ,
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(3).

12
17. (DYSGRAPHIA) -

;
;
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(3).
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(DYSCALCULIA)-

,
(13).

5.
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5.1.1
Down- ( 21)

13

Down- ,
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14
, ( 50% ),
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15

(14).

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, (14, 15).
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16
,
,
( , 25-30%
) (14, 15).

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(14, 15).
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17
, , , ,
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(14, 15).
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18
,
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19

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20

, 3:1.
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) :
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21
5.2.2
5.2.3 ,

-

(FRENULUM LINGUAE)

- (MACROGLOSSIA),
(MICROGLOSSIA), .

-DEVIATIO SEPTI NASI .

5.2.4.
-

5.2.5
-

( )

, -otitis, rhynopharingitis, tonsilitis,

5.2.6
(Larynx)

22
-

-,

( )

(
)

- ()

,
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, ( . ).

5.2.7
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- -ictus apoplectiticus ( ,
, , )

( )

myastenia gravis

sclerosis multiplex

morbus parkinson

, ,
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Bell- ( )

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5.2.8
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23

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24
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(1, 7, 13).

25

II.
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26

1.4

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131 , .
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27

1.6

,
05.11.04 30.12.04.

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28

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1.8

SPSS for Windows 11.0

.
2 Fisher- Exact- .
p<0.05.

2.
131 ,
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67%
33% ( 1). 13
18 . 1

29
(=0,02),
2 .

33%

@enski
I

Ma{ ki
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67%

1.
1.

N (%)

67 (67%)

33 (33%)

N (%)
13 (41,9%)
18 (58,1%)

df

6,25

0,02

2
.

,

.
2.

73 (73%)

15 (15%)

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13,02
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30
73 . 7
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10 .


: ,
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N (%)

1-10
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11-20
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21-30
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31-40
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41-50
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50
.

77 (77%)

9 (9%)

3 (3%)

2 (2%)

3 (3%)

6 (6%)

100 (100%)

4
,
. 42,2%
, 44,4%
, 8,9% , 4,5%
.
( 5)

(=0,71)

.

.

31
4.

38 (64,2%) 40 (44,4%) 8 (18,9%) 4 (4,5%) 90 (100%)
N (%)

5.

38 (42,3%)
12 (38,7%)

40 (44,5%)
17 (54,6%)

8 (8,8%)
2 (6,5%)

4 (4,4%)
0 (0%)

p
0,71

6
.
26, 24 4,18. 19 ,
38 .
( 7)
(=0,17).

.

,
.
6.

N (%)

20
.
6 (6,7%)

21-25
26-30
30

.
.
.
36 (40,0%) 36 (40,0%) 12 (13,3%) 90 (100%)

7.

18-28 .
67 (74,4%)
29-38 .
23 (25,6%)

19 (61,3%)
12 (38,7%)

df

1,94

0,17

32

8
,
,
.
(7,8%),
(3,3%).
6%
,
,
.

( 9), Fisher Exact-
(=0,6).
( 10)
(=0,69).

() .
8. ,

N (%)
7 (7,8%) 90 (100%)
83 (92,2%)
3 (3,3%) 90 (100%)
87 (96,7%)
6 (6,7%) 90 (100%)
84 (93,3%)

9.

3 (3,3%)
87 (96,7%)

2 (6,5%)
29 (93,5%)

p
0,6

33
10.

6 (6,7%)

84 (93,3%)

3 (9,7%)
28 (90,3%)

p
0,69

11
.
76 (84,4%) , 11 (12,2%)
, 3 (3,4%)
.

( 12)
(=1).
11.

76 (84,4%) 11 (12,2%) 3 (3,4%)
N (%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

90 (100%)

12.

76 (84,4%)

11 (12,3%)

3 (3,3%)

26 (83,9%)
4 (12,9%)
1 (3,2%)

13
( ).
7 (7,8%)
, 5 (5,5%) .
(=0,19)
:
( 14).

34
13.

N (%)
7 (7,8%)
90
83 (92,2%) (100%)
5 (5,5%)
91
86 (94,5%) (100%)

14.

7 (7,8%)

83 (92,2%)

31 (100%)
0 (0%)

p
0,19

(22,2%), 2

( 15).

( 15)
(1,1%) .
15.

N (%)
2 (2,2%)
88 (97%)
1 (1,1%)
89 (98,9%)

90
(100%)
90
(100%)

16
/
. 40
(44,4%),
.

35
17

/
(<0,001).
16.

N (%)
40 (44,4%)
50 (55,6%) 90 (100%)

17.




N (%)
.

40 (44,4%)

50 (55,6%)

0 (0%)

31 (100%)

df

20,58

<0,001

18
.
(73,6%) ,
24 (26,4%) .
36 (39,6%)
, 55 (60,4%) .

.
19

(<0,001).

36
18.



N (%)

67 (73,6%)
91

24 (26,4%)
100%

36 (39,6%)
91

55 (60,4%)
100%

19.

67 (73,6%)

24 (26,4%)

31 (100%)
0 (0,%)

df

10,18

<0,001

,

( 20)
(<0,001).
20.

36 (39,6%)

55 (60,4%)

31 (100%)
0 (0%)

df

34,12

<0,001

21
.
-51 (56,7%), 19 (21,1%)
, 18 (20%) 1 (1,1%) , 1
(1,1%) .
3 (3,3%) , 23 (25,2%) , 42 (46,2%)
, 4 (4,4%) 19 (20,9%) .

37
21.

1 (1,1%)

18 (20%)

51 (56,7%)

1 (1,1%)

19 (21,1%)

90 (100%)

3 (3,3%)
23 (25,2%)
42 (46,2%)
4 (4,4%)
19 (20,9%)
91 (100%)

22.

7 (7,8%)
32 (35,5%)
1 (1,1%)
14 (15,6%)
4 (4,4%)
1 (1,1%)
6 (6,7%)
0 (0%)
1 (1,1%)
19 (21,1%)
90 (100%)

2 (2,2%)
17 (18,7)
2 (2,2%)
16 (17,6%)
1 (1,1%)
0 (0%)
4 (4,4%)
46 (50,5%)
2 (2,2%)
1 (1,1%)
91 (100%)

32 (35,5%)
, 14 (15,6%)
, 7 (7,8%)
. , 19 (21,1%)
( ).
, 46
(50,5%) , .

.
: dyslalia 21 (21%) , rhotatismus 21
(21%), lambdatismus 20 (20%), balbutitio 16 (16%), dysphasia evolutiva 16
(16%), sigmatismus interdentalis 13 (13%), alalia 8 (8%), agramatismus 6 (6%),
rhynolalia aperta 6 (6%), aphonia 5 (5%), dysgraphia 3 (3%), dyslexia 3 (3%),
sigmatismus nasalis 3 (3%), aphasia sensomotorica 3 (3%), dysphonia 2 (2%)

38
rhynophonia 1 (1%) .

: ,
.

,
(

: deglutio infantilis 22 (22%)

, nonoclusio anterioris 17 (17%), frenulum sublingnalis fixata 12
(12%), pricus profunda 9 (9%), dentito tarda 7 (7%), palatoschisis 6 (6%), protrusio
3 (3%), compresio 2 (2%), prognatio mandibularis 1 (1%), palatoveloschisis 1
(1%) cheillognatopalatoschisis 1 (1%) .

,
,

. :
catharrus tuba auditiva billateralis 18 (18%), rhynopharingitis acuta 9 (9%),
carcinoma laryngis 5 (5%), deviatio septi nasi 4 (4%), otitis media secretoria 3
(3%), tonsilitis chr. hypertrophica 2 (2%), perforatio membrana tympani 1 (1%)
paresis nervus recurens 1 (1%).

.


.
: retardatio psihomotorica (
), Syndroma Down, haematoma intracerebrale, haemiplegia,
insultus cerebri ischemicus, ,

39
, abrasio plexus vocalis, dismorphio, , ,
, EEG .

III.
1.

:

,
. 67 (67%)
, 33 (33%) ,
2 .

.
7 (7,8%)
, 3 (3,3%)
.
.

. 6 (6,7%)
.

. 7(7,8%)
, 5 (5,5%) .


.

40

(ictus apoplecticus).

,
. 24 (26,4%)
.

55 (60,4%)


.

.

. 40 (44,4%)


.

.

,
.

.
.
,
.
46 (50,5%). -

41
(5
, 5%).

.

.

2.

:

, , ,
.

,
.

,

.

)
.

-
, ,

,

42
,
.

,

,
.

43

IV.
1.
:
:
:
1-
: 1-
4-
:

2-
2-
5-

3-
6-

1. : 1- 2- 3- 4-
2. ?
3. ?
1- 2-
4.
?
1- 2-
5. ?
1- 2-
6.
()?
1- 2-
7.

1- 2- 3- 4- 5-

8. ? ?
1- 2-
9. ?
1- 2-
10. ? ?
1- 2-

44

11.
?
1- 2-

12. ?
1- 2-
13. ? ?
1- 2-
14. /

?
1-
2-
15.

1-
2-

16.

1-

2-

17.
18.
(): 0- 1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
(): 0- 1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
():
1- 2-
3- 4-
5- 6-
7- 8- 9-
10- 11- 12-
():
1- 2-
3- 4-
5- 6-

45
7- 8- 9-
10- 11- 12-

46

2.
1.

Muhamet Fati me

I brai m [ i hrete

: (19.05.1996 .)
(18.05.1997 .)
:
:

, ,

.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
.

.
.
,
.
.
.

47
2.

Sl i ~i ca

Tawa

Hri sti na

: (30.05.1995 .)
(11.10.1997 .)
:
:

, ,

.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
,
.
.

.


. .
.

48
3.

Sel i ma

: (07.03.1993 .)
(10.01.1997 .)
(22.09.1998 .)
:
:

, ,

.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
.

.


. .
.

49
4.

Sne` ana

: (05.07.1994 .)
(01.03.1998 .)
:
:

, ,

.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
.

.
.
, .

.
.

50
5.

Gordana

: (08.12.1997 .)
(14.01.2002 .)
:
:

, ,


.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
.

.
.
,
.
.
.

51
6.

Majl i nda

: (26.05.1995 .)
(08.09.1997 .)
:
:

, ,

.
,
.
, .
,
.

.
.
.
.
, .
.
.

52
7.

Qi qana

: (28.10.1991 .)
(03.11.1997 .)
:
:

, ,

.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
.

.
.
,
.
.
.

53
8.

Dani el a

: (09.08.2000 .)
(25.11.2003 .)
:
:

, ,

, ,
.

.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.

54
9. -

Tatjana

: -
: -
: -

, ,
-
.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
.
,
.


. .
.

55
10.

Hri sti na

: (05.06.1992 .)
(12.07.1999 .)
:
:

,

, ,
.

.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
.

.

.


. .
.

56

V.
1. Wang PP, Baron MA. Language, a Code for Communicating. In: Batshaw
ML. Children with disabilities. Brookes Paul H Publishing Company, 1997;
Ch 13: 275-290.
2. . 30.

, 7, , 2000.
3. .
, , , 1990.
4. ICD-10,
. , ,
, , 1992.
5. Ingram TTS. Speech disorders in chilhood. In E.H. Lennenberg and E.
Lennenberg (Eds) Foundations of language developmental, Vol. 2 Academic
press, New York 1975.
6. Robbins SDA dictionary of speech patology and therapy. Second edition,
Cambridge 1963.
7. . I. ,
, 1997.
8.

. , , 1986.
9. NICHCY-Info
About
Speech
and
Language
Disorders,
http://www.kidsource.com/NICHCY/speech.html
10. Classification of Speech Disorders in Children Classification,
http://www.wtk.edu/pfilipsen/435-cassify.pdf.
11. ., ., .
. .
, , 1999.
12. . , III.
, .
, , 1983.
13. . ( ).
, , , 1999.
14. Jung JA. Genetic Syndromes in Communication Disorders. Pro-ed, Texas
1989.
15. . ,
, , 2003.