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Ch07 消费者、生产者和市场的效率
Ch07 消费者、生产者和市场的效率
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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PRINCIPLES OF
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
· 후생경제학의 결론 福利经济学的结论
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
소비자 잉여 消费者盈余
消费者参与市场获得的好处
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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표 7.1 구입 희망자 네 사람의 지불용의
四个有意购买者的付款意向
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N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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그림 7.1 수요표와 수요곡선
需求表与需求曲线
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
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duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
· 소비자잉여의 크기 消费者盈余的大小
产生于付款意愿与市场价格的差异
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N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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그림 7.2 수요곡선을 이용한 소비자잉여의 계산
用需求曲线计算消费者盈余
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
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duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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그림 7.3 가격변동이 소비자잉여에 미치는 영향
价格波动对消费者盈馀的影响
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
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duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
在大多数市场中衡量经济福利的良好指标。
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
생산자잉여
· 비용(cost)
生产者盈余
生产商实际收到的金额 - 生产商提供该货物的最低成本=生产者盈余
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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표 7.2 공급 희망자 네 사람의 비용
四个供应商的费用
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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그림 7.4 공급표와 공급곡선
供应表与供应曲线
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
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duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
· 생산자잉여의 크기 生产者盈余的大小
生产者得到的价格和成本差异。
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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그림 7.5 공급곡선을 이용한 생산자잉여의 계산
用供给曲线计算生产者剩余
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
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duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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그림 7.6 가격변동이 생산자잉여에 미치는 영향
价格波动对生产者剩余的影响
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
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duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
–총잉여 总盈余
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
·소비자잉여 消费者享有的价值-消费者支付的金额
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
· 효율성(efficiency) 效率
· 형평성(equality) 公平性
馅饼是否平均分配?
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
· 시장균형에 대한 평가 对市场平衡的评估
2.
수요가 배분되도록 한다.
自由的市场使需求被分配给生产成本最低的生产商
因为总盈余=WTP-OC
所以尽可能把货分配给WIP最大的消费者
给OC最低的生产者
让总盈余最大化!
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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그림 7.7 소비자잉여, 생산자잉여와 시장균형
消费者剩余、生产者剩余与市场平衡
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
23
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
· 시장균형에 대한 평가 对市场平衡的评估
因为总盈余=WTP-OC
所以尽可能给WIP最大的消费者
给OC最低的生产者
让总盈余最大化!
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
–자유방임(Laissez-faire)
在市场均衡中实现资源高效配置
n. 自由放任主义,无干涉主义
= 하도록 허용한다
自由放任
允许做
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
25
그림 7.8 균형거래량의 효율성
平衡成交量的效率
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
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duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
· 보이지 않는 손 看不见的手
· 자유로운 시장 自由的市场
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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전문가들에게 묻는다
问专家们
신장 거래 肾脏交易。
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
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duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
– 假设1:市场完全竞争。
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
·시장가격에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 능력
·어떤 시장에서는 한 명 또는 소수의 소비자나 생산자가
影响市场价格的能力。
시장가격을 조절 在某些市场中,由一个或少数消费者或生产者调节市场价格。
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
– 在现实中,消费者或生产者的
决策
–
·경제적 후생은 소비자가 느끼는 가치와 생산자의 비용
이외의 다른 요소의 영향을 받음
·이 경우 사회적 관점에서 시장균형은 비효율적
经济福利受到消费者感受价值和生产者成本以外的其他因素的影响
在这种情况下,从社会的角度来看,市场平衡是无效的
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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제7장 소비자, 생산자, 시장의 효율성
· 시장실패 市场失灵
©
N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 9th Edition 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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