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ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﻧﻮآوري در ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ
ﺳﺎل ،1396ﺟﻠﺪ ،6ﺷﻤﺎره ،2ﺻﻔﺤﺎت 211-220
Doi: 10.22101/JRIFST.2017.09.02.628
-1ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ،ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﺠﻦ ،ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺸﻬﺮ ،اﯾﺮان
* ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪة ﻣﺴﺌﻮل )(Fahim.hoda@ymail.com
-2داﻧﺸﯿﺎر ،ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ،داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎري ،اﯾﺮان
-3ﻣﺮﺑﯽ ،ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ،ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﺠﻦ ،ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺸﻬﺮ ،اﯾﺮان
ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ1395/09/07 : ﭼﮑﯿﺪه
ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش1396/02/18 : در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ،اﺛﺮ دو رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل و ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل 400در
ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ) 15:10 ،15:5 ،10:15 ،10:10 ،10:5 ،5:15 ،5:10 ،5:5و (15:15
واژهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي روي ﺧﻮاص ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ژﻻﺗﯿﻨﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺣﻠﻮاي ﺳﯿﺎه
ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل ) (Parastromateus nigerﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ
رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه وزن ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﮑﻮلﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي
ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل ﻓﯿﻠﻢ را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪ .ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه ،ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺶ و ﻣﺪول
ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ اﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وﻟﯽ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺸﺶ در ﻧﻘﻄﮥ ﭘﺎرﮔﯽ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ .اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ
درﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮلﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ و ﺗﻀﻌﯿﻒ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎي
ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ-ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺑﻮد و ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪاﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺸﺶ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺪورت در ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي
ﺣﺎوي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ و ﮐﺪورت ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي 15
درﺻﺪ ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ
ﺑﻮد ) .(P<0/05ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر آب ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان
رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻮد و ﺻﺮف ﻧﻈﺮ از ﻧﻮع رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه ،ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آن در
ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر آب از 1/001ﺑﻪ 1/901ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮﮔﺮم/ﭘﺎﺳﮑﺎلﺳﺎﻋﺖ
ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ .ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه ،ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ
ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ،ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي 15درﺻﺪ
و 5درﺻﺪ ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل ﯾﺎ ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل و ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺣﺪود 70درﺻﺪ و 15/5درﺻﺪ
ﺑﻮد ) .(P<0/05ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ،اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ و ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ژﻻﺗﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ
ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮلﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه در ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ و ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎً اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻀﺎي آزاد ﺑﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻮد.
1
1
ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﻨﺪ .ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ زﯾﺴﺖﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ
ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦﻫﺎ ،ﭘﻠﯽﺳﺎﮐﺎرﯾﺪﻫﺎ و ﻟﯿﭙﯿﺪﻫﺎ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ روزاﻓﺰون ﻣﺼﺮف ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏﻫﺎ و ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ راﺟﻊ
ﺗﻼشﻫﺎي داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺑﻮده ﺑﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ،داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﺗﻼش ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ
اﺳﺖGalus & Lenart, 2013; Ramos et al., ) . ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ در
1
Biodegradable
212 ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﻧﻮآوري در ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ،ﺳﺎل ،1396ﺟﻠﺪ ،6ﺷﻤﺎره 2
درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ
ﻧﻘﻄﮥ ذوب ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ
درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﮥ ﮐﺠﻠﺪال ZISCOﻣﺪل
اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻘﻄﮥ ذوب ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ روش Mahjoorianو
PDU-500SIو ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺷﻤﺎره 3474
ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ) (2013اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ .ﻣﺤﻠﻮل 3درﺻﺪ ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ
ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ )ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﯾﺮان.(1373 ،
)وزﻧﯽ/ﺣﺠﻤﯽ( در ﻟﻮﻟﮥ درﭘﯿﭻدار ﻣﮏﮐﺎرﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل 10
راﺑﻄﮥ ) (1ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﮥ درﺻﺪ ازت ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ:
ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و ﻗﻄﺮ دﻫﺎﻧﮥ 18/55ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺑﻪ
راﺑﻄﮥ )(1
ﻣﺪت 18ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در دﻣﺎي 4درﺟﮥ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﻗﺮار
درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ ازت
داده ﺷﺪ .ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﭙﺲ در ﺣﻤﺎم آب ﯾﺦ ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي 5 ﺣﺠﻢ اﺳﯿﺪ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ × ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺘﻪ اﺳﯿﺪ × 14 × 100
درﺟﮥ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﮔﺬارده ﺷﺪه و ﯾﮏ ﻗﻄﺮه ﻣﺤﻠﻮل =
× 1000ﮔﺮم وزن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ
ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﻮرم+ﻓﻨﻞرد 2روي ﺳﻄﺢ ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻨﯽ × درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ ازت = درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ
ﺣﻤﺎم آب ﺑﻪﻧﺤﻮي ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ دﻣﺎي آن ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ
0/1درﺟﮥ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﺑﺮ دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ رود ،اوﻟﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪاي ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ،3474ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻨﯽ ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ
ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل رﻧﮕﯽ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﻮرم+ﻓﻨﻞرد درون ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ 5/89درﺻﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ
ﺳﻘﻮط ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﮥ ذوب ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. )ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﯾﺮان.(1373 ،
2
Chloroform+Phenol red
3 1
Caliper Plexiglas
214 ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﻧﻮآوري در ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ،ﺳﺎل ،1396ﺟﻠﺪ ،6ﺷﻤﺎره 2
ﻣﮏﮐﺎرﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل 7ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و ﻗﻄﺮ دﻫﺎﻧﮥ 18/55 اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ
ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﺎژل ﺧﺸﮏ ﭘﺮﺷﺪه و دﻫﺎﻧﮥ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.
ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و درون دﺳﯿﮑﺎﺗﻮر ﺣﺎوي آب
ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ وزن ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ
2 1
از ﺗﺮازو ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ 0/0001ﮔﺮم ) M.T.Electronic ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮐﺸﺸﯽ ) ، ( TSﻣﺪول اﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ ) ( EMو
(Balance, ESJ200-4B, Chinaدر ﻃﻮل 9ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺸﺶ در ﻧﻘﻄﮥ ﭘﺎرﮔﯽ ) 3( EABﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ
ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮥ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 1ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ راﺑﻄﮥ ) (5اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش (2009) ASTMﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .ﭘﯿﺶ
ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. از آزﻣﻮن ،ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪﻫﺎي 5×1ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﯾﺪه و
راﺑﻄﮥ )(5 ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 3روز در رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ 50درﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺮوط
=
× ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﻓﺖﺳﻨﺞ ﺳﻨﺘﺎم
( )
) (Santam texturemeter,STM-5, Iranاﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ.
در راﺑﻄﮥ ) :WVP (5ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﯿﺮة دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮥ اوﻟﯿﻪ 40
آب :x ،ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ :( ) ،ﺷﯿﺐ ﺧﻂ راﺳﺖ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ 10ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ
)ﮔﺮم/ﺳﺎﻋﺖ( :A ،ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ روي درﭘﻮش دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﭘﺎرهﺷﺪن ﮐﺸﯿﺪه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.
ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ )ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ( :S ،ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎر اﺷﺒﺎع در
4
دﻣﺎي ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ )ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺟﯿﻮه( و )(R1-R2 ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ
اﺧﺘﻼف رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ دﺳﯿﮑﺎﺗﻮر و ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻗﻄﻌﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞﺷﮑﻞ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد 4×1ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ
ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و در ﺳﻞ اﺳﭙﮑﺘﻮﻓﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮ ) EnglandPG
6
ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ در آب * (Instrumen, T80ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ،ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ
ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ در آب ﺑﻪ روش Hosseiniو ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ در ﻧﺎﺣﯿﮥ ﻣﺮﺋﯽ و ﻣﺎورايﺑﻨﻔﺶ از ﻃﻮل ﻣﻮج
) (2013اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ .ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻗﻄﻌﻪﻫﺎي 200ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ 800ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش Yangو
ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞﺷﮑﻞ 4×1ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﯾﺪه ،ﺗﻮزﯾﻦ و در (2000) Paulsonاﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ زﯾﺮ
آون ﻓﻦدار ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 24ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و دﻣﺎي 105درﺟﮥ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ
ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .وزن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪة ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ازﻃﺮﯾﻖ
ﺧﺸﮏﺷﺪن دوﺑﺎره اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ ،ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﭙﺲ در راﺑﻄﮥ ) (4ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ اﺳﺖ .ﻋﺪد ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮ
30ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ آبﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﻏﻮﻃﻪور و روي ﺷﯿﮑﺮ ) Rotator ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه در اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ،ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪة ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ
(clinical, Iran khodsazIranﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻼﯾﻢ ﻗﺮار ﻓﯿﻠﻢ اﺳﺖ.
داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﭘﺲ از 24ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ،ﻣﺨﻠﻮط آب و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از راﺑﻄﮥ )(4
ﮐﺎﻏﺬ واﺗﻤﻦ ﺷﻤﺎرة 1ﮔﺬراﻧﺪه ﺷﺪه و ﮐﺎﻏﺬ و =
ﺑﺎﻗﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪهﻫﺎي ژﻻﺗﯿﻨﯽ ﺣﻞﻧﺸﺪه روي آن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 24
ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در آون ﻓﻦدار ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي 105درﺟﮥ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد :Aﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ
ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از آن ﺗﻮزﯾﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ .ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ :Tﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ
ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ در آب ازﻃﺮﯾﻖ راﺑﻄﮥ ) (6ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ اﺳﺖ: 5
ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر آب
راﺑﻄﮥ )(6
ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر آب ﺑﻪ روش وزﻧﯽ و ﺑﺮ
% = × 100
ﻣﺒﻨﺎي (1995) ASTMاﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ .ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي
1
Otolithes ruber
2
Teuthida
3
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
216 ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﻧﻮآوري در ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ،ﺳﺎل ،1396ﺟﻠﺪ ،6ﺷﻤﺎره 2
ﺟﺪول -1ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ و ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ژﻻﺗﯿﻨﯽ ﺣﺎوي رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل و ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل
ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﻣﺪول اﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺶ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺸﺶ در ﻧﻘﻄﮥ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ PEG ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل
)ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ( )ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﮑﺎل( )ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﮑﺎل( ﺷﮑﺴﺖ )درﺻﺪ( )درﺻﺪ( )درﺻﺪ(
3/55±0/67 BC 105/243±54/617 37/452±9/467 134/351±98/313 5
3/51±0/23 BC 28/004±23/498 24/064±1/01 273/603±90/380 10 5
4/417±0/51 AB - - - 15
3/8±0/80 B 72/012±30/939 21/558±1/24 262/384±57/177 5
3/28±1/00 C 28/258±17/961 20/132±2/78 181/524±65/110 10 10
4/32±0/54 ABC - - - 15
3/70±0/25 BC
- - - 5
3/71±0/08 BC - - - 10 15
4/58±0/37 A - - - 15
ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ±اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر :وﺟﻮد ﺣﺮوف ﻏﯿﺮﻫﻤﺴﺎن در ﻫﺮ ﺳﺘﻮن ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮥ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري اﺳﺖ ) .(P<0/05اﻋﺪاد ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ در ﺟﺪول ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ
ﮐﺸﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺣﺪ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه در ﺛﺒﺖ دادهﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ :PEG .ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل
ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ .اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﺑﻪ ﮐﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎ ًﻻ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل و
ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل در ﻣﺨﻠﻮط و ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ آن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر آب و اﺛﺮ
اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي آزاد ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﮑﻮلﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ دو رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻮد .اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺎ
دراﯾﻦراﺑﻄﻪ Thomazineو ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ) (2005ﮔﺰارش دادهﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﮐﺎر Bourtoomو ﻫﻤﮑﺎران )(2006
ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي 25درﺻﺪ ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺖ ،آﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي
ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﮐﻤﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي 25 ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺣﺎوي ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي
درﺻﺪ ﮔﻠﯿﺴﺮول داﺷﺘﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل ﺣﺎوي ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل اﺳﺖ .در ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي 15
ﺗﺎ 55درﺻﺪ و ﻧﯿﺰ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮔﻠﯿﺴﺮول ﺑﻪ درﺻﺪ ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل و 10و 15درﺻﺪ ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل،
ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل در ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ،ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاوشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر آب ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .ﺑﻪ
ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل،
2.00 AB
A ABC
ﺗﺮاوش ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر آب
)( mm.gr/pa.h.m2
ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﮐﺎر ﻣﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺖ Bourtoom .و
ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل ﮔﺰارش ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ) (2006ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ
ﺷﺪ. رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه از 25ﺗﺎ 75درﺻﺪ ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎ
اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ .ﺑﺎاﯾﻦﺣﺎل در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ آﻧﻬﺎ اﺛﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ
A
80 AB AB AB
70 B
60
ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ )(%
50
C ﭘﻠﯽ اﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﯿﮑﻮل )5 (%
40
CD ﭘﻠﯽ اﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﯿﮑﻮل )10 (%
30
20
D D ﭘﻠﯽ اﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﯿﮑﻮل )15 (%
10
0
5 10 15
ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل )(%
ﺷﮑﻞ -2ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ژﻻﺗﯿﻨﯽ ﺣﺎوي رﯾﺨﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺳﻮرﺑﯿﺘﻮل و ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل در آب .وﺟﻮد ﺣﺮوف ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت
ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﺳﻄﺢ 0/05ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ
-1ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﯾﺮان .1373 .وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ و روشﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮن ژﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺼﺮف در ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ .ﺷﻤﺎره ،3474ﭼﺎپ اول.
-2ﻣﺸﮑﺎﻧﯽ ،م ،.ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻮي ،ع ،.ﻣﯿﻼﻧﯽ ،ا .و ﺑﺨﺸﯽﻣﻘﺪم ،ف .1391 .ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزي ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﯿﻮن ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ
ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﺰوﻟﮥ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﻧﺨﻮد ) .(C arietinum L.ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ.117-109 :36 ،
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220 2 ﺷﻤﺎره،6 ﺟﻠﺪ،1396 ﺳﺎل،ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﻧﻮآوري در ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ
Abstract
In current study, the effect of two plasticizers, sorbitol and poly ethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400),
at different ratios (5:5, 5:10, 5:15, 10:5, 10:10, 10:15, 15:5, 15:10 and 15:15) of on
physicochemical properties of gelatin films from black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) were
investigated. Plasticizers are low-molecular-weight Compounds which compounded into
polymer molecules to improve its flexibility. With increasing amount of plasticizers, tensile
strength and elastic modulus of gelatin films decreased whereas elongation at break (EAB)
increased. That effect was the result of plasticizer molecules diffusion into polymer and weaken
the polymer-polymer interactions which significantly led to increasing film elongation. High
degree of opacity of the films was observed in the high plasticized films and the opacity of PEG
plasticized films at 15% concentration was higher than the sorbitol ones at the same
concentration (P<0.05). Water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films was mainly dependent on
the amount of plasticizer, regardless of the plasticizer type, WVPs increased from 1.001 to
1.901 mm.gr/pa.h.m2 for the films, those contained lowest and highest plasticizers, respectively.
There was a significant difference in the solubility of films depending upon plasticizer
concentration, the highest and lowest water solubility belonged to the sample containing 15%
and 5% sorbitol or PEG around 70% and 15.5% respectively (P<0.05). The solubility of the
films mostly depending upon plasticizers concentration than plasticizers type and increased with
increasing in plasticizer content. Totally, the increase in film solubility and WVP was the result
of plasticizer molecules penetration between polymers and subsequent increase in free volumes.
Keywords: Fish Gelatin Film, Plasticizer, Polyethylene Glycol, Sorbitol