‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ‬

‫اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﺮك زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ )‪(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن‪ ،1‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﺮآﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،2‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،⃰ 2‬ﺣﺴﻨﻌﻠﻲ ﻧﻘﺪيﺑﺎدي‬

‫‪ -1‬داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺗﻬﺮان‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮان‪ ،‬اﻳﺮان‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎدداﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮج‪ ،‬اﻳﺮان‬
‫⃰ آدرس ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﺮج‪ ،‬ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎد داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺪوقﭘﺴﺘﻲ‪31375 - 1369 :‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ ،(026) 34764010-19 :‬ﻧﻤﺎﺑﺮ‪(026) 34764021 :‬‬
‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ‪Mohammad1700@yahoo.com :‬‬

‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ‪95/10/29 :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪95/4/27 :‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪه‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان از ﭘﻠﻲﺳﺎﻛﺎرﻳﺪﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژندار اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ واﻛﻨﺶ اﺳﺘﻴﻞزداي ﻛﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺤﺮكﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﺮاي در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ در ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ زﻳﺎدي ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺪف‪ :‬ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﺮكزﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﻮﻣﺎس روﻳﺸﻲ و ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ‪.‬‬

‫روش ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‪ :‬آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان‪ ،‬در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 0/1 ،0/05 ،0‬و ‪ 0/2‬درﺻﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‪ :‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﺤﺮكزﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬وزن ﺧﺸﻚ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮگ )‪ ،(P<0/05‬ﻓﻨﻞ و رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ (P<0/01) A‬داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ 0/1‬درﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮگ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ را ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان از ‪ 0/1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 0/2‬درﺻﺪ اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﻨﻞ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ 0/1‬درﺻﺪ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪0/2‬‬
‫درﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ را ﺑﺮ رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ A‬داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮي‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﻮﻣﺎس روﻳﺸﻲ و ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ A‬ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﻞواژﮔﺎن‪ ،Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni :‬رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ ،A‬ﻣﺤﺮك زﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬

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‫ﺳﺎل ﺷﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ‪ ،‬دوره دوم‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺷﺼﺖ و دوم‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1396‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺴﺘﺮه وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫وﻳﺮوسﻫﺎ و ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ دارد ]‪ [12‬و در ﺟﻬﺖ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ﻧﺎزك روي ﺧﻮراﻛﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﻮه و ﺳﺒﺰﻳﺠﺎت ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺿﺪﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي و ﺿﺪﻗﺎرچ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از ﻓﺴﺎد‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ [13‬و ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺗﻌﺪادي از‬
‫آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻓﻴﺘﻮاﻛﺴﻴﻦ و ﻛﻴﺘﻴﻨﺎزﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوت ﮔﻴﺎه را در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داده و ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬
‫از آﻧﻬﺎ را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ]‪ .[14‬ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ رادﻳﻜﺎلﻫﺎي‬
‫‪ OH‬و ‪ O2‬را از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺒﺮد و ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ از ‪ DNA‬را دارد ]‪ [15‬و ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از‬
‫ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و ﺧﺎك را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ ]‪ [16‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان‬
‫ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ روزﻧﻪاي را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺮق‪ ،‬ﺑﺪون‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ و ﻳﺎ زﻳﺴﺖﺗﻮده‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ .[17‬ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻏﺸﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺗﺮاوا‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺎدﻻت ﮔﺎزي را ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮده و ﺗﻌﺮق را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ و در‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ رﺳﻴﺪن ﻣﻴﻮه را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻲاﻧﺪازد ]‪.[18‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺼﻮل اﻫﺪاف ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ اﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﺤﺮك زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ وﻳﮋه در‬
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﭘﺎﻳﺪار دارد‪ .‬ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮدي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬اﻣﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ در اﻳﺮان و‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﺪان ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﻤ‪‬ﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ در‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﺪار و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻫﺪف از اﺟﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﻼوه‬
‫ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد روﻳﺸﻲ‪ ،‬اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت داروﻳﻲ و ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪاي ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻘﺎي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮكزﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﺗﻴﻜﻮل ﺣﺸﺮات و دﻳﻮاره ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪.[11‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﻴﺎري در ﻛﺸﺎورزي دارد‪ .‬ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﺮك ‪...‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎه‬
‫‪ Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni‬ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻔﻲ و ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﺮه ﻛﺎﺳﻨﻲ )‪ (Asteraceae‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪ ،[1‬ﻛﻪ از‬
‫رﺳﺘﻨﻲﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﭘﺎراﮔﻮﺋﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺮزي ﻛﺸﻮر‬
‫ﺑﺮزﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎراﮔﻮﺋﻪ در ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ اﺳﺖ ]‪.[2‬‬
‫ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ‪ 200 – 300‬ﺑﺎر ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦﺗﺮ از ﺳﺎﻛﺎرز ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و‬
‫ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺰه ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﺬب ﺑﺪن ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ .[3 ،4‬ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن‬
‫ﺑﻴﺶ از ‪ 100‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن ديﺗﺮﭘﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮوفﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ از ارزش ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ده ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮزﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺷﺪه از‬
‫ديﺗﺮﭘﻦ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺣﻠﻘﻪاي اﺳﺘﻮﻳﻮل ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ]‪ .[5‬ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺎوي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت اﺳﺘﻮﻳﻮزﻳﺪ‪ ،‬رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪،F ،E ،D ،C ،B ،A‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻮﻳﻮلﺑﻴﻮزﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪،(Dulcoside‬‬ ‫)‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫داﻳﻜﻮزﻳﺪ‬
‫)‪ (Steviolbioside‬و روﺑﻮزوزاﻳﺪ )‪ (Rubusoside‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫]‪ [6‬و در ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮزﻳﺪﻫﺎي ديﺗﺮﭘﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ اﺳﺘﻮﻳﻮزﻳﺪ و‬
‫رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ A‬از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪ .[7‬ﻣﻘﺪار‬
‫ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮزﻳﺪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮﻳﻮل در اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ و ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ 20‬درﺻﺪ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ در‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع داﻣﻨﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻛﻞ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮزﻳﺪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮﻳﻮل ﺣﺪود ‪ 20‬ﺗﺎ‬
‫‪ 40‬درﺻﺪ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ]‪.[5‬‬
‫روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ وﺟﻮد‬
‫دارد‪ .‬اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮزﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻘﺎي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ دﻓﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ و اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ .[8‬ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از‬
‫اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﻮرﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪن در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ در ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ زﻳﺎدي ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫]‪ .[9‬ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ‪ (C6H11O4N) n‬از‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲﺳﺎﻛﺎرﻳﺪﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژندار اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ واﻛﻨﺶ اﺳﺘﻴﻞزداي‬
‫ﻛﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ [10‬اﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻲﺳﺎﻛﺎرﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮر ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ در ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﺨﺖﭘﻮﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﮕﻮ‪،‬‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬
‫اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺪون آﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺮگ ﻣﻴﺰان‬
‫ﺳﺒﺰﻳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮگ را اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﺮده و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻋﺪد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي‬
‫اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ A‬ﺑﻪ روش ﻛﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪(High-performance‬‬ ‫‪liquid‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫)‪(HPLC) chromatography‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي و رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ A‬اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﻘﺪار ‪ 0/2‬ﮔﺮم از‬
‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺮگ ﺧﺸﻚ ﮔﻴﺎه را در ﻫﺎون ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪه و ﻣﻘﺪار ‪25‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ‪ 7‬ﺣﺠﻢ آب و ‪ 3‬ﺣﺠﻢ اﺳﺘﻮﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ آن اﻓﺰوده و‬
‫ورﺗﻜﺲ ﺷﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ‪ 60‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬
‫اوﻟﺘﺮاﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﭼﻬﺎر دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ 5000‬دور ﺑﺮ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻔﻴﻮژ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل روﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ 1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎز ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ‪ HPLC‬رﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﻋﺒﻮر‬
‫از ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺳﺮﺳﺮﻧﮕﻲ ‪ 0/45 µm‬ﺟﻬﺖ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ‪ HPLC‬ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻠﻲ اﻳﺮان‪ .(16878 ،‬در روش‬
‫ﻛﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺎده ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي در دو ﻓﺎز ﺳﺎﻛﻦ و ﻣﺘﺤﺮك اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد رﺑﻮدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ A‬ﺳﻴﮕﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 01432‬ﺑﺮاي‬
‫اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻴﺰان رﺑﻮدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ A‬ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺎز‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎي ‪ HPLC‬از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺿﺪزﻧﮓ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ و ﻓﺎز‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﺣﻼلﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﺒﻲ )اﻟﻜﻞ( و ﻏﻴﺮﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬
‫)ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﻼلﻫﺎي )ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺖ( ﻓﺎز ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‪،‬‬
‫اﺟﺰاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﻫﻢ ﺟﺪا ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ‪ HPLC‬ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در‬
‫اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ از ‪ HPLC‬ﻣﺪل ‪ ،KNAUER‬ﻧﻮع ﺳﺘﻮن‬
‫‪ ،LICHROSPHER 100 NH2 5µm 25×0.46 cm‬ﻣﺪل‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ]‪ ،[KNAUER- K1001‬ﻣﺪل دﺗﻜﺘﻮر ‪[KNAUER-UV‬‬
‫‪ ،(K2501)] 210 nm‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ‪ 1 ml/min‬و ﻓﺎز ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬
‫آب ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ‪ -HPLC‬اﺳﺘﻮﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ‪(80/20) HPLC‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻨﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ روش ﻓﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﻮ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻴﻮ‬
‫)‪(Folin-Ciocalteau‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻓﻨﻞ ﺗﺎم ‪ 0/1‬ﮔﺮم از ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺮگ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﺷﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ‪ ،‬دوره دوم‪،‬‬
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‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺷﺼﺖ و دوم‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1396‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﺮك زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ ‪ 94‬در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎد داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ واﻗﻊ در ﻫﻠﺠﺮد ﻛﺮج‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺮك زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ‪ 4‬ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫)‪ 0/1 ،0/05 ،0‬و ‪ 0/2‬درﺻﺪ( ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻠﺪانﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪30‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ و ارﺗﻔﺎع ‪ 22‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه زﻫﻜﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺗﺠﻤﻊ آب در ﺗﻪ ﮔﻠﺪان ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك اﻟﻚ ﺷﺪه و‬
‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﻏﭽﻪ‪ ،‬رس و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﭘﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ در ﻫﺮ ﮔﻠﺪان ‪ 2‬ﻧﺸﺎي ﻳﻜﺴﺎن و ﻫﻢاﻧﺪازه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺖ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﻠﺪانﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﻚ روز‬
‫درﻣﻴﺎن و ﺑﺎ آب ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ آﺑﻴﺎري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن و اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ‪ 70‬روز از ﻛﺎﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ روز و ﻃﻲ ﺳﻪ دوره ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ روز درﻣﻴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺮگ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان‬
‫)ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Sigma-Aldrich‬آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ( ﺑﺎ وزن ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ از‬
‫اﺳﻴﺪ اﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻼل و از آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺑﺮاي رﻗﻴﻖ ﻛﺮدن‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ زﻣﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ روز ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ زﻣﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪ‪ .‬در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺮگ‪،‬‬
‫وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﻚ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ‪ ،‬وزن ﺗﺮ‬
‫و ﺧﺸﻚ رﻳﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﺒﺰﻳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮگ )‪ ،(SPAD‬ﻃﻮل و‬
‫ﻋﺮض ﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﺻﻔﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻞ و رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ A‬اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﺒﺰﻳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮگ )‪(SDAD‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺰﻳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ‪ SPAD‬ﻣﺪل‬
‫‪ KONICA MINOLTA-502‬ﭘﺲ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬
 ‫اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﺮك ‪...‬‬

‫از ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﻜﻲ در دﻣﺎي اﺗﺎق ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺷﺪه ﮔﻴﺎه در ﻫﺎون ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪه و ﭘﺲ از اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن ‪20‬‬
‫اﺳﭙﻜﺘﺮوﻓﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮي ‪ (RAYLEIGH) UV-2601‬در ﻃﻮل ﻣﻮج‬ ‫ﺳﻲﺳﻲ اﺗﺎﻧﻮل ‪ 80‬درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ‪ 48‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ روي ﺷﻴﻜﺮ ﻗﺮار‬
‫‪ 760‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﻞ ﺗﺎم ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ واﺗﻤﻦ ﺷﻤﺎره ﻳﻚ‪،‬‬
‫از ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم ﮔﺎﻟﻴﻚ در ﮔﺮم ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫ﺻﺎف ﺷﺪ‪ 0/5 .‬ﺳﻲﺳﻲ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ‪ 0/5‬ﺳﻲﺳﻲ واﻛﻨﺶﮔﺮ‬
‫اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ ]‪.[19‬‬ ‫‪ 0/2‬ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻓﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺳﻲ و ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻴﻮ و ‪ 2/5‬ﺳﻲﺳﻲ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ‪20‬‬
‫درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ 75‬ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -1‬ﻛﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮام ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮزﻳﺪ رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(a‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ .A‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪:(b‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺻﻔﺮ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(c‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ 0/05‬درﺻﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(d‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ 0/1‬درﺻﺪ و‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(e‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ 0/2‬درﺻﺪ‬

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‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬

‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﻧﺒﻮد )ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ .(1‬در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ دادهﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫‪ 0/1‬درﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺮگ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ را ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ دادهﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮد‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان از ‪ 0/1‬ﺑﻪ ‪0/2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﺤﺮك زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬وزن‬
‫درﺻﺪ اﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ )ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرهﻫﺎي ‪ 2‬و ‪.(3‬‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻚ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ )‪ (P<0/05‬اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري داﺷﺘﻪ )ﺟﺪول‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ (1‬و ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮگ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ و وزن ﺗﺮ و‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -2‬اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺮگ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -3‬اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﺷﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ‪ ،‬دوره دوم‪،‬‬

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‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺷﺼﺖ و دوم‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1396‬‬
‫اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﺮك ‪...‬‬

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‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﻨﻞ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪0/1‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ دادهﻫﺎي‬
‫درﺻﺪ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪.(5‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﺤﺮك زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮگ )‪(P<0/05‬‬
‫اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﺮض ﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪A‬‬ ‫رﻳﺸﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﻧﺒﻮد )ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ (1‬و در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮ‬
‫در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﻨﮕﻴﻦ دادهﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ را ﺑﺮ‬
‫دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮگ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ )ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪.(4‬‬
‫رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ (P<0/01) A‬داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ )ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ (2‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ دادهﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ 0/2‬درﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ را‬ ‫در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺮ رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪ A‬داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ )ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪.(6‬‬ ‫دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻞ )‪ (P<0/01‬داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ )ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ (2‬و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -4‬اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮگ‬

‫ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -2‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﺮك زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻮل‬ ‫رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪A‬‬ ‫درﺟﻪ آزادي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫‪0/004‬‬ ‫‪ns‬‬ ‫‪0/12‬‬ ‫‪ns‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬
‫**‪0/18‬‬ ‫**‪8/47‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان‬
‫‪0/015‬‬ ‫‪0/7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬
‫‪7/65‬‬ ‫‪12/75‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات )درﺻﺪ(‬
‫⃰ ⃰ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ‪ 1‬درﺻﺪ‪ ⃰ .‬ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ‪ 5‬درﺻﺪ‪ ns .‬ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﺷﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ‪ ،‬دوره دوم‪،‬‬

‫‪175 ‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺷﺼﺖ و دوم‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1396‬‬
 ‫اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﺮك ‪...‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -5‬اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﻞ‬

‫‪ -6‬اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪A‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره‬

‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺮگ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ در ﮔﻴﺎه ﻓﻠﻔﻞ دﻟﻤﻪاي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫]‪ .[27‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎزﮔﻲ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ رﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد در ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي در‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن )ﻧﻴﺘﺮاتردﻛﺘﺎز‪ ،‬ﮔﻠﻮﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ و ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﺎزﺳﻨﺘﺘﺎز( و‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و رﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ .[28‬ﻃﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان‬ ‫اﺳﭙﺮي‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎي‬
‫اﺳﻴﺪآﺑﺴﺰﻳﻚ را در ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ]‪ ،[29‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ در‬
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪ 0/5‬درﺻﺪ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ روي‬
‫رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺗﺮﺑﭽﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ‬
‫و وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ ،[30‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان‬
‫ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ روزﻧﻪاي را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺮق‪ ،‬ﺑﺪون‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ و ﻳﺎ زﻳﺴﺖﺗﻮده‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ .[17‬ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎر ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان روي‬
‫رﺷﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻲ را‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ رﺷﺪ روﻳﺸﻲ در ﮔﻴﺎه‬
‫ﻛﻠﻢ ]‪ ،[20‬ذرت ]‪ ،[21‬ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ ]‪ [22‬و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ اﻧﺪام‬
‫ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ در ﮔﻴﺎه ﮔﻠﺮﻧﮓ ﺷﺪ‪ [23] ،‬ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﺮﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪﺑﻬﺎر )‪ (Calendula officinalis‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ و‬
‫رﺷﺪ )ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﻚ اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ( ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫اﺳﺖ ]‪ ،[24‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﻴﺎه‬
‫ﮔﻮﺟﻪﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺮگ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ‬
‫]‪ [25‬و در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﻴﺎه ﺗﻮتﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ و ﺑﺮﻧﺞ‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺮگ‬
‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ]‪ .[21-26‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ وزن‬

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‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬
‫داده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﻮر زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
‫داراي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺮاي از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮدن رادﻳﻜﺎلﻫﺎي آزاد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪.[40 ،41‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪.[42‬‬
‫دﻫﺪ ]‪ .[24‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻴﺎه‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ ‪A‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﻧﺸﺎن دادهاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت اﺻﻠﻲ دﻳﻮاره‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎرﭼﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺘﻴﻦ و ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ]‪ [43‬و ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢﻫﺎي دﻓﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ .[44‬ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ آﻣﻴﻨﻮ ﭘﻠﻲﺳﺎﻛﺎرﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻴﺮ و ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ]‪ [45‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻴﺎن‬
‫اﻧﻮاع ژنﻫﺎي دﺧﻴﻞ در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻓﺎﻋﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫]‪ .[46‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ درﺧﺼﻮص اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﻮر ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ژنﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪي را ﻓﻌﺎل ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎ و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ را راهاﻧﺪازي‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ]‪ ،[47‬در‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﻴﺎه زﻧﻴﺎن و ﮔﻠﺮﻧﮓ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬
‫ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ]‪،49‬‬
‫‪ ،[48‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎدرﻧﺠﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ]‪ [50‬و در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ دﻳﮕﺮي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﻴﺎه رﻳﺤﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻘﺎي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ دﻓﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪن‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات در رﻳﺸﻪ‬
‫و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ رﺷﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ]‪ .[51‬در واﻗﻊ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﺮاﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري در اﻧﺪاﻣﻚﻫﺎي ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻧﻮﭘﻼﺳﺖ و آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻘﻲ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ و‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ اﺳﻤﺰي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻗﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎﺳﻪ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آن اﺳﺖ ]‪ ،[52‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه‬
‫اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ در ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﺷﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ‪ ،‬دوره دوم‪،‬‬
‫‪177 ‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺷﺼﺖ و دوم‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1396‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﻴﺒﺮﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺎء ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ و‬
‫رﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮ ﮔﻴﺎه را ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ اﻛﺴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻳﭙﺘﻮﻓﺎن‪ ،‬اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬
‫ﮔﻠﺮﻧﮓ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻨﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ]‪،[31‬‬
‫در آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ دﻳﮕﺮ از ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ﮔﻴﺎه ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ]‪ .[21‬ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞ و‬
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﻘﺶ دارد و ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﻴﺎن ژن‬
‫ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﻼﺳﺖ ﺑﺮگ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫در اﻧﺪازه ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﻼﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪ ،[32‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﻲ آب ﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻮرژﺳﺎﻧﺲ و‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺮك ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و از ﻏﺸﺎي ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ را ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫]‪ .[33‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ دادهﻫﺎي‬
‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﺤﺮك زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﺒﺰﻳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮگ )‪ (SPAD‬اﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ )ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮاص اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﺳﻴﻮن اﺣﻴﺎء‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﺟﺬب و ﺧﻨﺜﻲﺳﺎزي رادﻳﻜﺎلﻫﺎي‬
‫آزاد‪ ،‬ﻓﺮوﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ اﻛﺴﻴﮋنﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎل و ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪازﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دارﻧﺪ ]‪ .[34‬اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ اﻧﻮاع ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻠﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺸﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮاي‬
‫راهاﻧﺪازي زﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎي از واﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ]‪ .[35‬در‬
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﻴﺎه زﻧﻴﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان‬
‫)‪ (200 ppm‬ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻠﻲ را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داد‬
‫]‪ [36‬و ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻠﻲ در ﮔﻴﺎه ﮔﻮﺟﻪﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ .[37‬در‬
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان در ﮔﻴﺎه ﭼﺎي‬
‫و ﻛﺘﺎن ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ در ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻓﻨﻠﻲ ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ]‪ .[38 ،39‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺧﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن‬

،‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد در ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ‬،‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺮكزﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﮔﻴﺎه‬
.‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬار ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬A ‫اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ رﺑﺎدﻳﻮزﻳﺪ‬
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... ‫اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﺮك‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮي‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫و ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ در ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار داد و‬
‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺮكزﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬0/2 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/05) ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
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179  1396 ‫ ﺑﻬﺎر‬،‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺷﺼﺖ و دوم‬
Conference of passive defense in the agricultural
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180 
‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬

peroxidase -o plant (Ocimum basilicum L.) under M. Salicylic acid-induced changes to growth and
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223
2
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213
103

،‫ دوره دوم‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﺷﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ‬،‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ‬

181  1396 ‫ ﺑﻬﺎر‬،‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺷﺼﺖ و دوم‬
 ... ‫اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﺮك‬

Effect of Different Concentrations of Chitosan Biostimulant on

Biochemical and Morphophysiological Traits of Stevia Plant (Stevia
rebaudiana Bertoni)

Mehregan M (M.Sc. Student)1, Mehrafarin A (Ph.D.)2, Labbafi M.R (Ph.D.)2*, Naghdi Badi H (Ph.D.)2

1- Department of Aromatic Plants, Azad University of Tehran, Science and Research

Branch
2- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
*Corresponding author: Institute of Medicinal Plants, Research Complex of Iranian
Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)
P.O.Box: (Mehr Villa): 31375-369 Karaj, Iran
Tel: +98-26-34764010-9, Fax: +98-26-34764021
Email: Mohammad1700@yahoo.com

Abstract
Introduction: Chitosan is one of the polysaccharides containing nitrogen which is synthesized
naturally by deacetylation reaction of chitin and is confirmed as one of the efficient biostimulants
for improvement of secondary metabolites production in medicinal plants.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of chitosan biostimulant on
vegetative biomass traits and secondary metabolites of Stevia plant.
Methods: The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three
replications in greenhouse conditions. The treatments were spraying of chitosan in four levels (0.05,
0.1 and 0.2 percent) and control treatment (spraying with distilled water).
Results: In this study, the obtained results of variance analysis showed that spraying of chitosan
had significant effect on leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf length (P <0.05), phenols and
rebaudiosides A (P <0.01). In this experiment, the highest fresh and dry weight of stems, leaves and
shoots were observed at 0.1% Chitosan in a way that by increasing the chitosan concentration from
0.1 to 0.2 % the decreasing trend occurred. The highest amount of phenol was recorded at 0.1%
concentration. Also, chitosan at 0.2% concentration had the maximum impact on rebaudiosides A.
Conclusion: Chitosan spraying improved vegetative biomass traits and biochemical parameters
such as rebaudiosides A in stevia plant.

Keywords: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, Biostimulants, Rebaudiosides A

210