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Vol. 24, No. 2, May-Jun 2010, p. 254-261 ﺟﻠﺪ ،24ﺷﻤﺎره ،2ﺧﺮداد -ﺗﻴﺮ ،1389ص254-261 .
2
ﺳﻤﺎﻧﻪ رﻓﻴﻌﻲ - *1ﻫﺎدي اﺳﺪي رﺣﻤﺎﻧﻲ
ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ88/3/9 :
ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش88/12/2 :
ﭼﻜﻴﺪه
در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎي رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮي ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎه ) (PGPRﺗﻮﺟﻪ زﻳﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم و ﻧﻘﺶ آﻧﻬـﺎ در اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ رﺷـﺪ و ﺳـﻼﻣﺖ
ﮔﻴﺎه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم از رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻛـﺸﻮر ،ﺗﻌـﺪاد 65ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺧـﺎك
رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ .ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ) (FIMﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ،ﻛﺸﺖ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻓﻼوﺑـﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮمﻫـﺎ از ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳـﻴﻮنﻫـﺎي
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ATCC M1 65 ، ATCC64و M1 Mediumﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪ .ﺗﻌـﺪاد 61ﺟﺪاﻳـﻪ
ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺑﻪ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ) (FIMﺟﺪاﺳـﺎزي و ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪ .ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ در ﺣـﺪ ﺟـﻨﺲ و ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺎ آزﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎي
ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳــﻜﻮﭘﻲ ،ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳــﻚ و ﺑﻴﻮﺷــﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺠــﺎم ﭘــﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ .ﻧﺘــﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ از آزﻣﺎﻳــﺸﺎت ﻧــﺸﺎن داد ﻛــﻪ 5ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ،F.odoratum ،F.multivorum
F.balastinum ،F.thalpophilumو F.indoltheticumدر رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ .ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ F.odoratumﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧـﻲ)72
درﺻﺪ( و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي F.balastinum،F.thalpophilumو F.indoltheticumﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ) 1/6درﺻﺪ( را در ﺑـﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي ﺟﺪاﺳـﺎزي ﺷـﺪه
داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.
ﮔﻴﺮي و ﭘﺘﻲ ) (9ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ Flavobacterium sp TK2ﺑﺮگ ﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗـﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﻛـﺸﺖ،
در ﮔﻴﺎه ذرت ﺑﺎﻋﺚ 30-37درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ .ﭘﻴﺸﭽﻴﻚ و درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت و ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻗﺮار دارد .ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ در اﻳﻦ
ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ) (23ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺟﺪاﻳـﻪ Flavobacterium sp L30 ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎ در دﻣﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از 15-20درﺟﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔـﺮاد واﺿـﺢ ﺗـﺮ
ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽـﻪﻫـﺎي ﺟـﻮ و اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﺤـﺼﻮل در ﺑﻮده و روﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ روز ﺑﺮاي ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ رﻧﮕﺪاﻧـﻪ دراﻳـﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬـﺎ
ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ .ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﭙﻜﺘﺮوﻓﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮي و NMR ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ .رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻏﻴﺮﻛﺎرﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺑـﻮده و در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ
ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم ﻗﺎدر ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ آﻧﺘـﻲ ﺑﻴـﻮﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻨـﺎم ﻧﻮر ﻓﺮاﺑﻨﻔﺶ ) (254nmﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﻮرﺳﻨﺲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷـﻨﺪ .ﻛﻠـﻮﻧﻲ اﻳـﻦ ﺑـﺎﻛﺘﺮي
Flavocinﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از رﺷـﺪ ﺑـﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫـﺎ و ﻗﺎرﭼﻬـﺎي ﭘـﺎﺗﻮژن ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﻔﺎف )ﮔﺎﻫﺎً ﻛﺪر( ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ 1-2ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ،ﻣﺤﺪب ،ﺻﺎف و درﺧﺸﺎن
ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ).(25 ﺑﺎ ﻟﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ .ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮمﻫﺎ ﻫﻮازي و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺮژي و
اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﺟـﺪا ﺳـﺎزي و ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮﻣﻬـﺎ از ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﻮارﮔﺎﻧﻮﺗﺮوف ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ درﺧﺎك ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﻣﻴـﺸﻮﻧﺪ
رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮ ﮔﻴﺎه ﮔﻨﺪم در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ) 12و .(13ﺑﻴﺶ از ده ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ اﻧـﻮاع
ﺷــــــــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷــــــــﺪه آن ﺷــــــــﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻨــــــــﺴﻬﺎي
ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ ،F.multivorum،F.spiritivorum،F.indoltheticum
F.mizutahi،F.yabuuchiae،F.odoratum،F.thalpophilumو
ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از ﺧﺎك رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮي
F.balustinumﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ) 12و .(13
ﺗﻌﺪاد 65ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧـﺎك رﻳﺰوﺳـﻔﺮي از ﻣـﺰارع ﮔﻨـﺪم در اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎي آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻳﻨﺪول ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم را در دو ﮔـﺮوه اﺻـﻠﻲ
ﺗﻬﺮان ،ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ ،زﻧﺠﺎن ،آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ،آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ،ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن و ) Aاﻳﻨﺪول ﻣﺜﺒﺖ( و Bو) Cاﻳﻨﺪول ﻣﻨﻔﻲ( ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ) .(12ﮔـﺮوه A
ﻫﻤﺪان ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ .ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ در ﺷـــﺎﻣﻞ species IIb ،F. indoltheticum، F.balustinum
ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻘـﺎط ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ (13) Flavobacteriumو (13) F.breveﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﮔﺮوه Bﺷـﺎﻣﻞ
ﺑﺮداري ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه GPSﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ .ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺗﺎ اﻧﺠـﺎم F.odoratumو ﮔـــــــﺮوه Cﺷـــــــﺎﻣﻞ ،(13) F.multivorum
آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي در دﻣﺎي 4درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد ﻧﮕﻬـﺪاري F.yabuuchiae ،(14) F.thalpophilumو(13) F.Spiritivorum
ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. و (14) F. mizutaiiﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺟﻬﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ
ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻼو ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑـﺮ روي ﺗﺤـﺮك اﻳﺰوﻟـﻪﻫـﺎي آن
ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ .ﺑﺮﺟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران) (1994ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻼوﺑـﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم
ﻛﺸﺖ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم را ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺎ 30-42 G+Cدرﺻﺪ و ﻏﻴﺮ
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﻴﻮنﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ و ﻣﺘﻨـﻮﻋﻲ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ medium ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺎ ﻓـﻼژل ﺑـﺎ درﺻـﺪ 63-70 G+Cدرﺻﺪﺗﻘـﺴﻴﻢ
) M1ﻋﺼﺎره ﮔﻮﺷﺖ 2ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘـﺮ ،ﭘﺮوﺗﺌـﻮز ﭘﭙﺘـﻮن 5ﮔـﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘـﺮ، ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ.
ﻛﻠﺮور ﺳﺪﻳﻢ 3ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘـﺮ ،آﮔـﺎر 12ﮔـﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘـﺮ(ATCC M165 ، اﮔﺮﭼﻪ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﮔﺰارﺷﺎت از ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻼوﺑـﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم ﺑـﻪ
)ﭘﺘﻴﻮن 1ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ،ﻓﺴﻔﺎت ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ 0/5ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ،ﻛﺎزﺋﻴﻦ 2ﮔـﺮم ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎه ﻳﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ) (3وﻟﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎت
در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ،ﻋـﺼﺎره ﻣﺨﻤـﺮ 0/5ﮔـﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘـﺮ ،آﮔـﺎر 12ﮔـﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘـﺮ( و زﻳﺎدي در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي و ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ آن
) ATCC 647ﻋﺼﺎره ﮔﻮﺷﺖ 10ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ،ﭘﭙﺘﻮن 10ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘـﺮ، ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
ﻛﻠﺮور ﺳﺪﻳﻢ 5ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ،آﮔﺎر 12ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪا ﺳـﺎزي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ واﺳﻴﻮك و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ) (26ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﺟـﻨﺲ ﻓـﻼو
و ﻛﺸﺖ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ) (22ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﻴﻮن ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم و ﺟـﻨﺲﻫـﺎي دﻳﮕـﺮي ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ آزوﺳـﭙﻴﺮﻳﻠﻮم ،رودوﺳـﭙﺮﻳﻠﻮم و
ﺟﺪﻳـﺪي ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺎم اﺧﺘـﺼﺎﺻﻲ Flovobacterium Isolation ) FIM ﺑﺎﺳﻴﻠﻮسﻫـﺎ در رﻳﺰوﺳـﻔﺮ ﻏـﻼت و ﮔﻴﺎﻫـﺎن ﻋﻠﻮﻓـﻪ اي وﺟـﻮد دارﻧـﺪ.
(Mediaﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪ .اﺟـﺰاء ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﻛـﺸﺖ FIMﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻛـﺎزﺋﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﻳﭽﻨﺮ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ) (17دﻟﻴﻞ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻜﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺷـﺪه
ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﺪه ) 2ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ،ﭘﺮوﺗﻨﻮز ﭘﺘﻴﻮن ) 4ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ،ﻛﻠـﺮور ﺑﺎ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم را ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﺘﻮﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻜﺘﻴﻨﺎز و
ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ) 3ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ،ﻋﺼﺎره ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ) 2ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ،ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺟﺬب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ .اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎت ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ
)0/1ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ،ﻋﺼﺎره ﻣﺨﻤﺮ )0/5ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ،آﮔﺎر ) 15-18ﮔﺮم ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻮد ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم Flavobacterinﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺳـﻄﺢ
در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( و pH= 7/2-7/4ﺑﻮد .اﻳـﻦ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑﻌـﺪ از اﺗـﻮﻛﻼو ﺷـﺪن در وﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻼت ،ﺳﺒﺰي و ﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺟﺎت ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮد .ﺑﻠﻤﻴـﻮف
ﭘﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ وﻫﻤﻜــﺎران ) (4ﻧــﺸﺎن دادﻧــﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﺗﻠﻘــﻴﺢ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽــﻪﻫــﺎي ﻛﻠــﺰا ﺑــﺎ
ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. Flavobacterium sp p-4در ﺣﻀﻮر ﻳﺎ ﻋـﺪم ﺣـﻀﻮر ﻏﻠﻈـﺖﻫـﺎي
ﺑﺎﻻي ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪ .ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﮔـﺰارش
ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ آب و ﺧﺎك ،ﺟﻠﺪ ،24ﺷﻤﺎره ،2ﺧﺮداد – ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺎل 1389 256
ﺑﻴﻦ 61ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي F20و F21اﻳﻨﺪول ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﺎﺑﻘﻲ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫـﺎ در ﻳﺨﭽﺎل در دﻣﺎي 4درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.
اﻳﻨﺪول ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ .در ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ دو ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﮔﺮوه Aﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ
دو ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ اﺳﻜﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﺗﺮﻫﺎﻟﻮز ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ .اﻳﻦ دو ﺟﺪاﻳـﻪ از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ و ﺑﺤﺚ
ﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻮز ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ .ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ F21ﻣـﺎﻟﺘﻮز
ﻛﺸﺖ ﺳﺮيﻫﺎي رﻗﺖ 61ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮي ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ
ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ F.indoltheticomو ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ F20ﻓﻨﻮل ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻮز ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و
ﻛﺸﺖ FIMﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي 200ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪ .ﭘـﺲ از ﺑﺎزﻛـﺸﺖ
ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ F.balastinumﺑﻮد .از آزﻣﻮن اﺣﻴﺎء ﻧﻴﺘﺮات ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺟﻬـﺖ
200ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر 180ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻮرد
ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻮز اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ .ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ F20ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ اﺣﻴﺎ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات ﺑﻮد و ﻟـﺬا
ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ .رﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻠﻨﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛـﺸﺖ FIMﻧـﺸﺎن از
ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ F.balastinumو ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ F21از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮان اﺣﻴﺎ ﻧﻴﺘـﺮات
ﺻﺤﺖ و ﺗﻮان آن ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪا ﺳﺎزي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم دارد .ﺗـﻮان
ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ F.indoltheticomﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺑـﻪ
ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم ﺑﺮاي رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﻛﺎزﺋﻴﻦ
دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻮز ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺖ.
ﻫﻀﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ ژﻻﺗﻴﻦ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻣﺨﻤﺮ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷـﺪه
ارزﻳــﺎﺑﻲ 59ﺟﺪاﻳــﻪ ﮔــﺮوه Bو Cدر ﺗﻮاﻧــﺎﻳﻲ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺒــﻊ
اﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺰارش ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ ) .(20از 180ﺟﺪاﻳـﻪ
ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪراﺗﻲ ﺗﺮﻫـﺎﻟﻮز ﻧـﺸﺎن داد ﺟﺪاﻳـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ،F 46 ،F35 ،F7 ،F6 ،F1
ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ 100ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ از ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳـﻚ و رﻧـﮓ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮي
F61، F 60، F 59، F56، F53، F52، F51، F50 ،F49 ،F48 ،F47ﻣﺜﺒــﺖ و
ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮمﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ .ﭘـﺲ از ﻛـﺸﺖ و ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ 100
ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه Cﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻣﺎﺑﻘﻲ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﻫﺎﻟﻮز ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ
ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ روي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ King Bﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻴﭻ ﻳـﻚ از
ﮔﺮوه Bو از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ F.odoratumﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑـﻪ
اﻳﺰوﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد ﭘﻴﮕﻤﺎن رﻧﮕﻲ روي ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﻣـﺬﻛﻮر را ﻧﺪاﺷـﺘﻨﺪ.
ﮔﺮوه Cاز ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣـﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮل ﻣـﻮرد ارزﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺪ.
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز و اﻛﺴﻴﺪاز 80درﺻﺪ از ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ.
ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎي ،F53 ،F52 ،F51 ،F50 ،F49 ،F48 ،F47 ،F 46 ،F35 ،F7،F6 ،F1
ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ از ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ 61 .ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ رﻧـﮓ و
F60 ،F 59 ،F56ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮل ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ F61ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮل ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑـﻮد .آزﻣـﻮن
ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﻚ در ﻟﻮﻟـﻪﻫـﺎي آزﻣـﻮن OFﺣـﺎوي ﭘـﺎراﻓﻴﻦ )ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ
رﺷﺪ در دﻣﺎي 42درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮل ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ
ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ( ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ و ﻟﺬا اﻳﻦ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺷـﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨـﺪ ﺗﻨﻔـﺴﻲ ﺑـﺎ
اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ .ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ اﻳﻦ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺰوﻟﻪ F6ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ
ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ
از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ F.thalpophilumﺑﻮد .ﻣﺎﺑﻘﻲ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻗـﺎدر ﺑـﻪ رﺷـﺪ در
ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺮاي اداﻣﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ )ﺟـﺪول .(1ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ آزﻣـﻮن
دﻣﺎي 42درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮان اﺣﻴﺎي ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮرد
ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﺎز در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﻳﻦ 61اﻳﺰوﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ.
ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ .ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ اﺣﻴﺎي ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﻧﺒﻮده و ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎي ﻓﻼوﺑـﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم 61 ،ﺟﺪاﻳـﻪ ﻣﺤـﺮز از
ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ F. multivorumﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.
ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻼوﺑـﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم ﭘـﺲ از اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺗـﺴﺖ اﻳﻨـﺪول ﺑـﻪ دو ﮔـﺮوه
اﺻﻠﻲ) Aاﻳﻨﺪول ﻣﺜﺒﺖ( و ﮔﺮوه Bو) Cاﻳﻨﺪول ﻣﻨﻔﻲ( ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .از
Phosphatase
Morphology
ﺷﻤﺎره ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي
Growth at
Terhalose
reduction
reduction
Catalase
Oxidase
Motility
Manitol
Maltose
Esculin
OF test
Colony
Indole
colour
NO2
NO3
ﺷﺪه
42°c
F.multivorum - - - + - + - - + - + + + )BS(- زرد-ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F1
F. Odoratum - - - - - - - - + - + + + )BS1(- زرد-ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F2
F. Odoratum - - - - - - - - + - + + + )BS(- زرد-ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F3
F. Odoratum - - - - - - - - + - + + + )BM2(- زرد-ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F4
F. .Odoratum - - - - - - - - + - + + + )BS(- زرد-ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F5
F. thalpophilum + - + + - + - - + - + + + )BS(- زرد-ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F6
F. multivorum - - - - - + - - + - + + + )BS(- زرد-ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F7
F. odoratum - - - - - - - - + - + + + )BS(- زرد-ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F8
F.odoratum - - - - - - - - + - + + + )BS(- زرد-ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F9
F.odoratum - - - - - - - - + - + + + )BS(- زرد-ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F10
F.odoratum - - - - - - - - + - + + + )BS(- ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ F11
( ﻧـﺸﺎن داد ﻛـﻪ27) ﮔﺰارﺷﺎت وﻻﺳﺎك وﻫﻤﻜـﺎران.)ﺑﺪون ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ( ﺑﻮد ﺟﺪاﻳــﻪ ﻣﺤــﺮز ﺟﺪاﺳــﺎزي ﺷــﺪه ﺟــﻨﺲ61 در اﻳــﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴــﻖ از
ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴـﺎه در رﻳﺰوﺳـﻔﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫـﺎن ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ65 ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم از
( ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺧـﻮد26) واﺳﻴﻮك وﻫﻤﻜﺎران.ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ( و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ در اﺳـﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠـﺎن ﻏﺮﺑـﻲ70/4) اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﺪان
259 ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم...
داﻧﻪ ،ﻃﻮل ﺧﻮﺷﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و رﻳﺸﻪ ،ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﻨﺠﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎ در رﻳﺰوﺳـﻔﺮ ﻏـﻼت ﺑـﻪ وﻳـﮋه ﮔﻨـﺪم
ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ .ﻫﺒﺎر وﻫﻤﻜﺎران ) (11از اﻧـﺪام وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ .وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم در رﻳﺰوﺳـﻔﺮ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫـﺎن
ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان F.odoratumرا ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ .اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ زراﻋﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ) .(10ﺑـﺮوز ﺻـﻔﺎت
ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎدي ﺑﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﭘﻮﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ رﻳـﺸﻪ آﻓﺘـﺎﺑﮕﺮدان داﺷـﺖ .از ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم ﻫـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘـﻴﻦ ﺑـﻪ اﺛﺒـﺎت
ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎي اﻳـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ 14ﺟﺪاﻳـﻪ F. multivorumﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ رﺳــﻴﺪه اﺳــﺖ .ﻛﺮﻳﭽﻨــﺮ وﻫﻤﻜــﺎران ) (17ﺿــﻤﻦ اﺷــﺎره ﺑــﻪ وﺟــﻮد
ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ 22/9درﺻﺪي در ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ .ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم در رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻠﻘـﻴﺢ اﻳـﻦ ﺑـﺎﻛﺘﺮي اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ
و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ) (16ﮔﺰارش ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ F . multivorumﺳـﺒﺐ اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﻣﻌﺎدل 300-500ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺤـﺼﻮﻻت را
رﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ رﻳﺸﻪ )17/3درﺻﺪ( وزن ﺧﺸﻚ رﻳﺸﻪ )13/5درﺻـﺪ( ،رﺷـﺪ ﮔﺰارش ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ .ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻲ ) (2ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛـﻪ
ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ) 37/7درﺻﺪ( ،وزن ﺧـﺸﻚ ﺟﻮاﻧـﻪ )36/3درﺻـﺪ( ﮔﻴـﺎه ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑـﺮ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎي
ﮔﻨﺪم ﺷﺪ. رﺷﺪ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﻬﺎره ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴـﺎه ﮔﻨـﺪم
ﮔﻮﻧــــﻪﻫــــﺎي ،F. thalpophilum، F.indotheticum در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.
F.balastinhumﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ اﻳﺰوﻟﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ 1/6درﺻﺪ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛـﻪ ﻏﺎﻟـﺐ
ﻛﺎﺗﻠﻦ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ) (7ﺑﺎ ﺟـﺪا ﺳـﺎزي ﺑـﻴﺶ از 1000ﺟﺪاﻳـﻪ از ﺧـﺎك ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎي ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه از رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮ ﮔﻨﺪم از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ F.odoratumﺑﺎ
رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮي و ﺑﺎ روش آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ اﺳﻴﺪﻫـﺎي ﭼـﺮب ﻣﺘﻴـﻞ اﺳـﺘﺮ )،(FAME ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ 72درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ .اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻮان رﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ
F. indotheticumرا ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧـﺪ .اﻳـﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘـﻴﻦ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت و ﻛﻠﻮﻧﻴﺰاﺳﻴﻮن ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮ ﮔﻨـﺪم در ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ
ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﺻـﻔﺎت زراﻋـﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) .(26ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧـﻪ اي ﺳـﻠﻄﺎﻧﻲ ) (2ﻧـﺸﺎن داد ﻛـﻪ
ﺳﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ،ﺗﻌﺪاد و وزن ﮔﺮه ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﮔﻨﺪم ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ F.odoratumاز ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ وزن ﻫـﺰار
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ
-1ﺑﺎﻗﺮي ﺧﻴﺮآﺑﺎدي م .1372 .ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﭗﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﮋﻣﺮدﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺐ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ در اﻳﺮان .ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ،
داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس.
-2ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﻮﻻرود ع .1385 .ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ،ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺻﻔﺎت PGPﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم و ﺳـﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس ﻫـﺎي ﻓﻠﻮرﺳـﻨﺖ ﺑـﻮﻣﻲ اﻳـﺮان.
ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ،داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان.
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Journal of Water and Soil (ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ آب و ﺧﺎك )ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﺸﺎورزي
261 ...ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم
Vol. 24, ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي
No. 2, May-Jun 2010, ﻫﺎيﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ
p. 254-261 254-261 . ص،1389 ﺗﻴﺮ- ﺧﺮداد،2 ﺷﻤﺎره،24 ﺟﻠﺪ
Abstract
Among rhizospheric bacteria, great attention has been paid to the group of plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR), and their role in increasing the growth and health of plants. Therefore, it is used largely as
inoculum all over the world. The rhizospheric bacterium, which has the genus of Flavobacterium, and promotes
plants growth, has been studied in recent years. In the present research, 65 samples of rhizospheric soil were
taken to isolate Flavobacterium from the rhizosphere of wheat cultivated in different regions of Iran. To isolate,
cultivate, and preserve Flavobacterium, different and diverse formulations such as ATCC 647, 65 ATTC M1,
and M1 Medium, which were recommended for this bacterium, were used for the development of a new specified
culture media (FIM). Sixty-one isolates attributed to Flavobacterium were isolated and purified using specified
culture medium (FIM). The genus and species were identified through microscopic, physiological and
biochemical tests. The results obtained from our tests indicated that there are 5 species F. multivorum,
F.odoratum, F. thalpophilum, F.balastinum and F. indoltheticum in the rhizosphere of wheat. Among the
isolated species, F.odoratum showed the most frequency (72 percent), and the F. thalpophilum and F.
balastinum and F. indoltheticum possessed the least frequency (1.6 percent).