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13
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Wrapper Machine Machine 2? WAB M/C Wrap Natural- 25um 50 Each? WAB Top Sheet-Nat
1680x1680 10 Each? a&oefY 77uwf? t0wftxnf 28 tdwf^wpfzm? ouFef;wpfxkyf? qefav;tdwf?
pm;aomufukef? vlokH;ukefypnf;rsdK;pkH 175 tdwf^ 37 zm? wD&Syftxnf 3300? Emergency Box 250? r
t0wftxnf 173 xnf? acgufqGJajcmuf 11 zm? ig;aowmwpfzm? tm[m&rIefY 10 zm? r0wftus(opf)^
r0wfvkHcsnf(opf) txnf 1000? usm;0wftus(opf)txnf 1000 ESifh uav;taEG;xnf(opf)txnf
1000 wdkYudk vufcH&&Sdonf/
tvm;wl wkwfjynfolUorwEdkifiH ,leefjynfe,f wuf[kefjynfe,fcGJrS vSL'gef;aomypnf;rsm;onf
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325 zm? pm;qD 617 zm? rdk;ump 105 xkyf? &GufzsifwJzm 120? rdk;um&Guf ajcmufxkyf? rdk;umpif;Mum; 45
vdyf? qyfjymrIefYtdwf 340? qyfjymcJ 134 zm? jcifaxmif 15 tdwf? vkHcsnf? ykqdk;txkyf 20? tdrf&mcif;p
42 xkyf? 'eftdk;tvkH; 1500? ',ftdk;(tzkH;yg)tvkH; 1000? ZvkHtvkH; 2500? csnftuspkH 19 tdwf? tdrfokH;
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(owif;pOf)
use;f rma&;0efBu;D Xmetaejzifh a&vTr;f rd;k rIccH &hJ
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rauG;wdik ;f a'oBu;D ? {&m0wDwikd ;f a'oBu;D ? yJc;l wdik ;f
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jynfe,fEiS hf rGejf ynfe,fww
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axmufyyhH aYkd qmifjcif;ESihf ta&;ay:wkjYH yefrI A[dXk me
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vsuf&Sdonf/
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a'oBu;D om,m0wDNrKd Ue,f? a&TusiNf rKd Ue,f? ra'guf
NrdKUe,f? jynfNrdKUe,f? yef;awmif;NrdKUe,fESifh a&Tawmif
NrdKUe,fwdkYwGifvnf;aumif;? csif;jynfe,f [m;cg;
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uke;f NrKd Ue,f? ig;odik ;f acsmif;NrKd Ue,f av;rsuEf mS NrKd Ue,f
wdkYwGifvnf;aumif; a&m*gumuG,fa&;ESifh ul;puf
a&m*g apmifMh uyfMunfh jI cif;vkyif ef;rsm;udk uGi;f qif;
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
xdkYtjyif a&ab;oifha'orsm;wdkY uvdk&if;a&
oefYpifaq;rIefY 50 uDvdk*&rf 247 ykH;? aq;pdrf
jcifaxmiftvkH; 3430 ? a&oefYaq;xkyf 18900?
uvd&k if;aq;jym; 28800? DHF Test Kit 30? tdro
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cGuf 9200 wdkYudk ay;ydkYaxmufyHhcJhNyD;jzpfaMumif; od&
onf/
(owif;pOf)
pOf NrdKUe,f
ausmif;trnf

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
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23
24
25
26
27
28
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35
36
37
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39
40
41
ykPm;uRef;
ykPm;uRef;
ykPm;uRef;
ykPm;uRef;
ykPm;uRef;
ykPm;uRef;
aygufawm
aygufawm
&aohawmif
&aohawmif
&aohawmif
&aohawmif
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
pma&;ckH
(tjrifh)
tru-yJpdeef;
txu(cGJ)-oJwuf
30
rlvGef-vuf0Jjref
tvu(cGJ)-ukvm;acsmif;
tru-rif;pDacsmif;
tvu(cGJ)-uRJvrf;acsmif;
16
rlvGef-rD;ausmif;wuf
rlvGef-rSefeDjyif
tru-zufvdyf
tru-ausmufukefbkwf
tru-oZifydawmuf
tru-atmifrif;
tru(cGJ)-oifyef;udkif;
rlvGef-ukefabmif
3
tru-wif;xdefuef
tru-,dkifonf
5
tvu(cGJ)-ausmif;awmif
tru-abm&maps;
rlvGef-ukvm;acsmif;
tru-armifndKuRef;
tru-wef;wif
tru-qiftdk;csdKif
tru-vdyfqif;jyif
tru-ewfacsmif;&Gmopf
txu-uRJwJ
40
tvu(cGJ)-jAKwfacsmif;
tvu(cGJ)-pif;abmudkif;
30
tru-ausmif;awmif
rlvGef-avnif;om
10
tru-xr&Zf
20
tru-awmif&yf
10
tru-irJjyif
tru-armifomukef;
tru-r[def*sD
5
tru-yDyifukef;
4
tru-uydkif;acsmif;
tru-rkcsm
tru-ukwdk;
5
rlvGef-vum
5
txu(cGJ)-ysm;wJ
tvu(cGJ)-tBuD;awmfr(1)
4
pma&;ckH
(tedrfh)
2
20
40
20
25
11
20
2
2
2
1
50
33
15
87
4
10
7
5
5
14
5
20
8
15
3
3
3
5
10
5
10
6
10
pOf NrdKUe,f

ausmif;trnf
pma&;ckH
(tjrifh)
pma&;ckH
(tedrfh)
tru-anmifyifvS
25
tvu(cGJ)-euef
10
tru(cGJ)-oH&Sifjyif
10
rlvGef-cGqkH
5
rlvGef-awmbG,f
1
rlvGef-awmbG,f
tru-pkym
4
rlvGef-a&Tusifjyif
tru-ajrmif;abGacs
2
tru-iclawmif
txu(1)-ajrmufOD;
23
tru-wef;ysif;BuD;
tru-apwDukef;
tru-a&TxGef;jzL
tru-NrdKUacsmif;
rlvGef-*kyDaxmifh
10
tru-ajymif;qdyf
tvu(cGJ)-tkH;ywD;
9
tru-ovlacsmif;
10
tvu(cGJ)jyifa,mif;
10
r-uRJwuf
tru-uyfyJhykvJawmif
tvu(cGJ)Murf;wdkuf
tvu(cGJ)Avdayguf
tru-aps;a[mif;a&SU
tru-v[mus,f
tru-acgif;avmif;opf
tru-avmifrD;
tvu(cGJ)taoumv
tru-uRJezm;pl;
tru-armf&Gm
rlvGef-awmifwdkuf
rlvGef-a&Twrm
tru-csif;qdyf
tru-pdw&
rlvGef-yefZif;armf
rlvGef-OD;pdk;wifh
25
rlvGef-ZD;udkif;opf
tru-i^wm
tru-NydKif;acsmif;
tru-ief;wuf
15
10
20
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
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82
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ajrmufOD;
ausmufawmf
ausmufawmf
ausmufawmf
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
2
5
10
10
10
10
15
5
35
25
15
29
15
5
15
5
10
30
6
8
5
20
5
19
51
8
5
27
25
pOf NrdKUe,f

ausmif;trnf
tru-cGqkH(csif;)
rlvGef-wJeef;jyif
tru-ptif;&Gmopf
rlvGef-uif;qdyf
5
tru-aygufawmxdefyif
tru-pua&
tru-awmifydkYBuD;
rlvGef-Zdkifacsmif;aygufawm
r-tnif;awmif
r-rGefacsmif;
v-awmif&Snfjyif
rlvGef-&if;abG
5
rlvGef-ajrmifacsmif;
rlvGef-ukwdk;qdyf
rlvGef-t0&Gm
7
rlvGef-cGqkH(&cdkif)
20
r-aomif;ckHarmf
r-yGifhxD;
r-ewfuHjyif
rlvGef-opfykawmif
v(cGJ)tdkif0ef;
rlvGef-awmifykau(&cdkif)
15
x(cGJ) rif;&Gm
40
r-nTefepfcGqkH
rlvGef-atmifwdkif
rlvGef-jrif;wifr
rlvGef-'Hk;om;
20
rlvGef-uRJBudK
25
v(cGJ) ausmufckwf
100
r-zkHomcGqkH
r-yGJ&uHqdyf
r-ojAKa&rsuf
tru-*sdwfacsmif;
4
tru-oJurf;axmif;
16
rlvGef-wdkufarmf
5
tvu(cGJ)-&Gma[mif;
10
tru-'g;vufajrmuf
tru-uGrf;0
tru(cGJ)-trf;jy
bu-cGqkH
tru-at;csrf;uGrf;0
rlvGef-ewfarmf
tru(cGJ)-armfpGef;
tru-o*Feuftdkif
tru-aMum0
tru-auGU&Snf
83
84
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91
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128
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
rif;jym;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
trf;
pma&;ckH
(tjrifh)
pma&;ckH
(tedrfh)
26
20
13
20
5
25
12
20
7
13
20
35
26
30
2
20
5
5
10
1
1
12
51
22
20
10
5
4
8
3
5
19
10
9
3
8
3
5
3
jrefrmEdkifiHwpf0ef; ,ck&ufydkif;twGif; rdk;onf;xefpGm&GmoGef;rIaMumifh qnfwmwrHrsm; usdK;aygufrIr&Sdapa&; a&uif;rsm;csxm;NyD; apmifhMuyfMunfhIaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd&m ,aeYnae 6 em&D wdkif;xGmcsuft&
a&avSmifwrHBuD; 39 ckwGif owfrSwfa&avSmifyrmPjynfhrDojzifh a&ydkvTJrsm;rS a&xkwfvTwfvsuf&SdNyD; wmwrHrsm;usdK;aygufrIr&SdaMumif; v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESifhqnfajrmif;0efBuD;XmerS od&onf/
owfrSwfa&avSmifyrmPjynfhrDojzifh a&ydkvTJrS a&xkwfvTwfvsuf&Sdonfh a&avSmifwrHBuD;rsm;

pOf
qnftrnf

1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
13/
14/
a&bkwfa&avSmifwrH
vdkifAm;a&avSmifwrH
uif;wyfa&avSmifwrH
ayBuD;a&avSmifwrH
vifyef;a&avSmifwrH
udk;yifuef
&mZN*dK[fa&avSmifwrH
rif;jrifa&avSmifwrH
odef&ifa&avSmifwrH
aus;yiftufa&avSmifwrH
ajrmuf,rm;a&avSmifwrH
ajrmuf,rm;a&ula&avSmifwrH
uefYa'gifha&avSmifwrH
qGmacsmif;a&avSmifwrH
uefa&jynfha&avSmif
a&ydkvTJrS
yrmP({uay) a&ausmfusrI (ay)
28474
1954
38295
8100
10180
9764
52000
19010
25260
44000
14057
122900
719
216350
1.85'
0.80'
4.30'
1.20'
1.40'
1.60'
1.90'
0.80'
1.90'
0.80'
3.40'
3.10'
0.20'
0.10'
uav; Mo*kwf 13
ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD; uav;NrdKU a&BuD;a&vQHrIrsm;jzpfyGm;cJh&m
a&ab;oihfjynfolrsm;tm; uav;NrdKUay:&Sd u,fq,fa&;pcef;rsm;odkY
ajymif;a&TUae&mcsay;cJhNyD; a&ab;oifhjynfolrsm;tm; trsKd;om;rSwfykH
wifuwfjym;ESifh tdraf xmifppk m&if;rsm;ukd oufqidk &f mXmeu aeYcsi;f Ny;D
aqmif&Gufay;vsuf&Sdonf/
a&ab;oihfrdom;pkrsm;rSm
trsKd;om;rSwfykHwifuwfjym;rsm;ESihf
pOf
qnftrnf

15/
16/
17/
18/
19/
20/
21/
22/
23/

24/
25/
26/
27/
yoda&avSmifwrH
ia>ra&avSmifwrH
abmeDa&avSmifwrH
ysOfykHBuD;a&avSmifwrH
rZif;a&avSmifwrH
Zvufaxmfa&avSmifwrH
a&Tjynf(3)a&avSmifwrH
awmife0if;a&xdef;wrH
pOfhul;acsmif;a*gif;
a&avSmifwrH
anmifudkif;a&avSmifwrH
oJauma&avSmifwrH
awmifndKa&avSmifwrH
awmif,rm;a&avSmifwrH
uefa&jynfha&avSmif
a&ydkvTJrS
30500
2380
35200
11130
26186
18912
3700
21196
2229
0.70'
0.10'
0.30'
1.00'
1.10'
0.70'
0.20'
0.82'
0.10'
17594
52500
210000
17040
1.20'
0.55'
0.60'
0.10'
tdraf xmifppk m&if;rsm; a&pd?k ysupf ;D ESifh aysmufq;Hk jcif;rsm;&So

d jzifh NrKd Ue,f
vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;ESit
fh rsK;d om;rSwyf w
Hk ifa&;OD;pD;Xmeu pdppfNy;D uav;
NrdKUay:a&ab;u,fq,fa&;pcef; 12 ck&Sda&ab;oihfjynfolrsm;tm;
topfjyefvnfxkwfay;cJh&m Mo*kwf 12 &uftxdysufpD;tdrfaxmifpk
pm&if; 2362 pkESihf trsKd;om;rSwfykHwifuwfjym; 1777 OD;wdkYtwGuf
xkwfay;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
(owif;pOf)
pOf
qnftrnf

28/
29/
30/
31/
32/
33/
34/
35/
36/
37/
38/
39/
pvif;a&avSmifwrH
rkef;acsmif;a&avSmifwrH
ref;a&avSmifwrH
BuD;tkHBuD;0a&avSmifwrH
qifvrf;a&avSmifwrH
vGefiifa&avSmifwrH
a&Smufacsmif;a&avSmifwrH
irdk;&dyfa&avSmifwrH
befYabG;ukef;a&avSmifwrH
ZmrPDtif;a&avSmifwrH
uGefacsmif;a&avSmifwrH
unifa&avSmifwrH
uefa&jynfha&avSmif
a&ydkvTJrS
133000
674407
120000
319700
6846
325
1140
180000
1735
5364
98400
145000
0.60'
5.50'
0.80'
5.70'
0.20'
0.30'
0.20'
0.40'
0.65'
0.45'
0.50'
1.00'
(owif;pOf)
jrif;jcH Mo*kwf 13
jrif;jcH trSwf(1) oHrPdpufHkrS a&ab;oihf pufHk0efxrf;rsm;tm;
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ukNy;D bDy;kd taumifta&twGuf vH;k 0r&daS wmhb;l
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bDy;kd aoaq;xd;k aq;eJY ukr,fq&kd if qHBsAg
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rSm &yfwnfEkdifa&; arQmfrSef;aeygw,f/ 'g
aMumifh &moDtpyGJpOfawGuwnf;u trSm;
t,Gif;enf;atmif upm;aeNyD; trSwfjynfh
yGJwdkif;&,la&;tm;xkwfaeNyDjzpfygw,f/ rpf
',fba&mh[m tdrfuGif;rSm NyD;cJhwJhESpfu
abmfvfwefeJY upm;cJhwJhyGJrSm wpf*dk;-*dk;r&SdeJY
Ekid yf &JG xm;wJt
h jyif abmfvw
f efeq
YJ w
kH ikd ;f &v'f
aumif;wwfwJh tdrf&SifwdkYyJ 'DyGJrSm trSwfjynfh
&,lygvdrfhr,f/
befavESifh bmrif*rf
Ny;D cJw
h EhJ pS u
f oH;k *d;k pDoa&yGjJ zpfxm;wJt
h wGuf
tckyGJrSmawmh befavwdkY tm;xnfhrSmyg/ NyD;cJh
wJhESpfu wef;qif;vmcJh&wJh befav[m vm
r,fEh pS rf mS wef;jyefwufEidk af &; BuKd ;pm;aewmrdYk
tckyrJG mS awmh bmrif*rfwYkd rvG,yf gbl;/ bmrif
*rf[m tdrfuGif;tm;xkwfrIaumif;ayr,fh
wdkufppfrSL;awG&JU
tqHk;owfaumif;rIu
vdt
k yfaeqJjzpfwmrdYk 'DyrJG mS befavwdYk oH;k rSwf
tjynfh &,lzt
Ykd cGit
hf a&;rsm;aewmawmh trSef
ygyJ/
'gbDESifh csmvfwef
tckwpfavmajcprf;yGaJ wGrmS vnf; ajcrSeaf e
wJh 'gbDwdkYu csmvfwefudk zdtm;ay;upm;Edkif
rSmyg/ ADvm&D;&Judk oa&upm;xm;EkdifwJh 'gbD

wd&Yk UJ BuKd ;pm;rIu todtrSwjf yK&rSmjzpfygw,f/
csmvfwefwu
Ykd Ny;D cJw
h EhJ pS u
f 'gbDuiG ;f rSm upm;
cJhpOfu ESpf*dk;jywfIH;yGJMuHKxm;wmrdkY tckyGJrSm
vnf; csmvfwefwYkd trSw&f zdYk tcGit
hf a&;enf;
aewmawmh trSefygyJ/
zlvf[rfESifh bdkufwef
NyD;cJhwJhESpfu tdrfuGif;rSm ESpf*dk;jywfIH;cJhwJh
ta<u;udk tckyGJrSm zlvf[rfwdkY jyefqyfzdkY BudK;
pm;ygvdrfhr,f/ qDADvmvdk rmausmwJhtoif;
udk tEkdifupm;xm;wJh bdkufwef&JU ajcpGrf;u
vnf; avQmhwGufvdkYr&wmrdkY 'DyGJutBudwf
te,f&SdrSmyg/ 'gayr,fh zlvf[rf[m upm;
orm;topfawG tm;jznfhxm;wmrdkY tckyGJrSm
tedrfhqHk; wpfrSwfawmh&atmif,lygvdrfhr,f/
b&pwdk;ESifh b&efzdkY'f
ajcpGr;f aumif;aewJh b&pw;kd &JU tm;xkwrf I
u todtrSwfjyKp&mjzpfaeygw,f/ toif;
vdkuf vsifvsifjrefjrefupm;wwfNyD; tEkdif&vdk
pdwfjyif;xefwJh upm;orm;awGaMumifh b&ef
zdkY'ftwGuf cufcJwJhyGJjzpfygvdrfhr,f/ NyD;cJhwJh
ESpfu b&efzdkY'fuGif;rSm oHk;*dk;-wpf*dk;eJYIH;cJhwJh
rSwfwrf;udk tckyGJrSm b&pwdk;wdkY acszsufyg
vdrfhr,f/
[uf'gzD;vfESifh bvufbef;
aemufq;kH awGUqHck w
hJ yhJ rJG mS awmh ESp*f ;kd pDoa&
yGjJ zpfxm;ygw,f/ [uf'gzD;vfwu
Ykd avmavm
q,frSm ajcpGrf;usqif;aewmrdkY bvufbef;

wdkYtwGuf tm;xnfh&if 'DyGJrSm tajctae
aumif;Ekdifygw,f/ bvufbef;[m wef;jyef
wufEkdifa&; BudK;pm;aewmrdkY tdrf&SifwdkY trSwf
&zdkY rvG,fygbl;/
tpf0pfcsfESifh &SufzfzD;
pdefYrD&eftoif;udk ig;*dk;jywfoGif;NyD; EkdifyGJ&
xm;wJh &SufzfzD;wdkYu 'DyGJrSmvnf; tdrf&Sifudk
tcufawGUatmif upm;ygvdrfhr,f/ tdrf&Sif
tpf0pfcsfwdkYu wpfOD;csif;a&m toif;vdkufyg
tcsdwftqufrdrdupm;EkdifaewmrdkY &SufzfzD;
wdkYtwGufvnf; kef;uef&r,fhyGJyg/ csefyD,H&Spf
yGJpOfawGrSm wpfvSnfhpDtEkdif,laeMuwJh 'DESpf
oif;[m oa&&v'fuv
kd nf; OD;wnfomG ;Ekid yf g
w,f/
aemfwif[rfESifh dkom[rf
aemufq;kH awGUqHck w
hJ yhJ rJG mS awmh aemfwif[rf
u ESpf*dk;jywfeJY EkdifyGJ&xm;ygw,f/ 'DESpfoif;
qHw
k ikd ;f aemfwif[rfwu
Ykd tompD;&wmrsm;wJh
tjyif tcsKUd yGaJ wGrmS *d;k jywfoiG ;f tEkikd &f ,lcw
hJ m
rdkY tckyGJrSm tdrf&SifwdkY vlpHkxkwfNyD; tEkdif&v'f
udk &SmazGygvdrfhr,f/ csefyD,H&SpfrSm pkpkaygif;
38 yGJqHkawGUcJhrI rSwfwrf;udkMunfh&if aemfwif
[rfwdkYu 21 yGJEkdifNyD; dkom[rfu ckepfyGJom
Ekdifxm;um 10 yGJoa&jzpfxm;wmrdkY tckyGJ
twGufawmh tdrf&SifuyJ atmifyGJcHzdkY rsm;yg
w,f/ /
Milk composition onf EGm;EdkYxkwfvkyfolawGeJY

EGm;Edv
Yk yk if ef;wkt
Yd wGuf pD;yGm;a&;t&ta&;Bu;D ovkd
pm;ok;H olawGtwGuv
f nf; tm[m&aA't& tvGef
ukdta&;BuD;ygw,f/ Milk compositionukd t"du
tm;jzifh vTrf;rkd;xm;wJhtcsufawGuawmh/
(1) rsKd;kd;ADZ
EdkYpm;EGm;awG&JU rsKd;dk;ADZukdvkdufjyD;awmh milk
composition u ajymif;vJEdkifygw,f/ Jersey eJY
Guernsey EGm;rawGrmS milk fat yrmP[m 4 'or
5 rS 4 'or 9 &mcdkifEIef;cefY&SdNyD; milk protein u
awmh 3 'or 2 rS 3 'or 5 &mcdik Ef eI ;f cefY &Syd gw,f/
Holstein Friesian? Ayrshire eJY Brown swiss
wkrYd mS awmh milk fat yrmP[m 3'or 5rS 4 &mcdik f
EIef;cefY&SdNyD; milk protein uawmh 2 'or 9 rS 3
'or 2 &mcdik Ef eI ;f cefY &Syd gw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh Jersey
eJY Guernsey EGm;r[m Holstein Friesian? Ayrshire
eJY Brown swiss EGm;rawGxuf milk fat eJY milk
protein ykdrsm;ygw,f/ Zebu EGm;awGrSmawmh milk
fat u 7 &mcdkifEIef;cefYtxd&SdEdkifygw,f/
Fat droplets uvnf; EGm;rsK;d wpfce
k w
YJ pfcMk um;rSm
uGmjcm;Muygw,f/ Fat droplets u Holstein Friesian EGm;awGrSm tao;i,fqkH;jzpfNyD;awmh Guernsey EGm;awGrSmtBuD;qkH;jzpfwmukd awGU&ygw,f/
Total solid yrmPuawmh tjcm;Edp
Yk m;EGm;awGxuf
Jersey EGm;rawG&JUEdkYxJrSm trsm;qkH;yg0ifwmukd
awGU&ygw,f/
EGm;Ed&Yk UJ ta&mifuvnf; breed ay:rlwnfNy;D awmh
ajymif;vJEikd yf gw,f/ Jersey eJY Guernsey EGm;rawG&UJ
Ed[
Yk m t0ga&mifbuforf;ygw,f/ bmaMumifv
h nf;
qkdawmh tJ'DEGm;rsKd;ESpfrsdK;[m tjcm;EGm;awGxuf
carotene(yellow pigments) rS vitamin A okdY
ajymif;vJay;rIenf;aomaMumifh jzpfygw,f/
(2) EdkYnpfcsdef wpfBudrfeJYwpfBudrf Mum;umv
(interval between milkings)
reufnpfwJhEdkYeJY naenpfwJhEdkYrSmvnf; milk fat

yrmPuGmjcm;ygw,f/ bmaMumifhvnf;qkdawmh
EdkYnpfcsdefwpfBudrfeJYwpfBudrf Mum;umvuGmjcm;wm
aMumifh jzpfygw,f/
(3) EdkYay;umvtajctae (stage of lactation)
Milk composition [m EdkYay;umvtajctae
tay:rlwnfNy;D awmh uGmjcm;ygw,f/ Solid-not-fat
[m EdkYay;umv&JU yxrESpfywfrS oHk;ywftwGif;rSm
tjrifhqkH;jzpfaejyD;awmh aemufykdif;rSm wjznf;jznf;
csif; usvmygw,f/ Fat yrmP[m arG;arG;csif;rSm
tjrifhqkH;jzpfNyD;awmh csufcsif;yJ jyefusoGm;ygw,f/
tJ'v
D u
dk svmwm[m 10 ywfrS 12 ywfceft
Y xdjzpfNy;D
aemufykdif;rSmEdkYay;umvqkH;wJYtxd jyefwufvmyg
w,f/
Milk fat eJY protein [m early and late lactation
rSm tjrifq
h ;Hk jzpfjy;D awmh Edx
Yk w
k v
f yk rf I tjrifq
h ;Hk jzpfwhJ
mid lactation rSm tenf;qkH;jzpfygw,f/ lactose
yrmP[mtpykdif;rSm jrifhNyD;awmh EdkYay;umv
Mumjrifv
h mwmeJt
Y rQ wjznf;jznf; enf;vmygw,f/
(4)EdkYnpfaepOf ajymif;vJrI
(Change in milk composition during milking)
Milk fat yrmP[m Edn

Yk p af ewJh jzpfpOftwGi;f rSm
ukd wjznf;jznf; jrifw
h ufvmygw,f/ Edn
Yk p n
f p cf si;f
yxrqkH;xGufvmwJhEdkYrSm milk fat yrmP[m 1 rS
2 &mcdkifEIef;cefY&SdNyD; aemufqkH;EdkYnpfwmNyD;cgeD;rSm
xGuw
f EhJ rYkd mS awmh 5 rS 10 &mcdik Ef eI ;f cefY yg0ifygw,f/
yrmPuawmh ykHrSefxuf 0 'or 12 &mcdkifEIef;cefY

jrifhwufoGm;ygw,f/ EdkYtHka&mifa&m*gjzpf&if EdkYwkdif
wpfwkdifeJY wpfwkdifuxGufwJh milk composition
awGvnf; uGmjcm;ygw,f/
(7) &moDOwk (season)
xGu&f rdS I jrifw

h ufvmygw,f/ rumen xJrmS propionic acid xGuf&SdrIjrifhrm;vmjcif;[m lactic acid eJY
glucose xGuf&SdrIukd jrifhwufapNyD; insulin production ukv
d aYIH qmfum adipose tissue rS free fatty
acid xGuf&SdrIukdavsmhusapygw,f/
(*) tpmauR;wJhtBudrfa&eJY tpmauR;rIpepf
(Frequency of feeding and feeding system)
tjcm;tpmauR;wJh tavhtxawGjzpfMuwJh
(tpmauR;wJhtBudrfa&eJY tpmauR;rIpepf) wkdYu
vnf; Edx
Yk rJ mS milk fat yrmPyg0ifru
I dk vTr;f rk;d xm;
ygw,f/ tBudrf ta&twGuf enf;enf;eJY auR;
wJhtcg (txl;ojzifh concentrate ukd forages eJY
oD;jcm;cGaJ uR;wJt
h cg) ruminal acetate:propionate
ration avsme
h nf;vmNy;D milk fat yrmPukd avsmeh nf;
apygw,f/ fibre yrmPenf;Ny;D tpmEk(concentrate)
yrmPrsm;rsm;ygwJh tpmukdauR;jcif;aMumifh milk
fat yrmPavsmu
h srt
I wGuf pkaygif;a&mpyfxm;aom
tpm (total mix ration-TMR) ukd auR;jcif;jzifv
h nf;
aumif;? tpmauR;aomtBudrfta&twGuf rsm;
rsm;auR;jcif; (3 or more times daily) jzifhvnf;
aumif; ajz&Sif;Edkifygw,f/
(C) tpmMurf;&JUt&G,ftpm;
(forage particle size)
aumif;aumif;ckwfjzwfpOf;xm;wJh tpmMurf;
ukd auR;jcif;aMumifh milk fat yrmPukd
avsmhusapygw,f/ bmaMumifhvnf;qkdawmh tpm
Murf;t&G,t
f pm;[m wkv
d eG ;f aomaMumifh rumination time avsmhusNyD; saliva xGuf&SdrI enf;oGm;yg
w,f/ saliva enf;aomaMumifh rumen xJrSm acid
xGuf&SdrIukdxdef;nday;&efcufcJoGm;NyD; rumen pH
usoGm;ygw,f/ rumen pH [m 6 xufykdusoGm;
aomtcg tpmMurf;awGukdacszsufaom bacteria
(cellulolytic bacteria) awG&UJ pGr;f aqmif&nfusqif;
oGm;ygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh acetic acid eJY butyric
acid xGu&
f rdS aI vsmeh nf;vmNy;D milk fat yrmPavsmh
usoGm;ygw,f/ forage particle size ukd tenf;qkH;
0'or 64 pifwDrDwmxm;NyD; auR;jcif;tm;jzifh
milk fat yrmPavsmu
h sjcif;uku
d muG,Ef ikd yf gw,f/
(i) tpmxJrSm upD"mwfyg0ifrI
(forage)
bmaMumifv
h nf;qkad wmh fat globules awGudk pkpnf;
NyD;awmh alveoli xJukd ppfxkwfwJhEIef;awG uGmjcm;
wmaMumifhjzpfygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh EdkYukdajymifpif
atmif rnp&f if milk fat yrmP ykrH eS x
f ufavsmeh nf;
ygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh EGm;EdkYukd erlem,lr,fqkd&if
aoaocsmcsm oratmifarTNyD;rS erlem,lwm
aumif;ygw,f/
(5) touf t&G,f (age-parity)
EGm;r&JU toufBuD;vmwmeJYtrQ milk fat eJY
protein yrmP[m usvmygw,f/ Eda
Yk y;umvwpfck
wkdif;rSm milk fat [m 0'or 02 &mcdkifEIef;eJY milk
protein [m 0 'or 02 rS 0'or 05 &mcdkifEIef;
ceft
Y xd avsmu
h svmygw,f/ Solid-not-fat yrmP
u ykdNyD;awmhusqif;wwfygw,f/
(6) a&m*g (diseases)
EGm;awG&JU a&m*gawmfawmfrsm;u milk composition tay:rSm oufa&mufrI&Sdaomfvnf; EdkYtkH
a&mifa&m*g(mastitis)uawmh t"duoufa&mufyg
w,f/ EdkYtHka&mifa&m*gjzpf&if EdkYxJrSmygwJh fat,
solid-not-fat, lactose, casein(milk protein), lactogolbulineJY -lactalbumin awG avsmhenf;
oGm;Ny;D aoG;xJrmS ygwJh blood serum albumin, Igs,
sodium eJY chloride yrmPawG jrifhwufoGm;wwf
ygw,f/ wu,fvkdY mastitis jyif;jyif;xefxef jzpf
r,fq&dk ifawmh milk protein [m ykrH eS yf gaeusxuf
78 &mcdkifEIef;cefY avsmhenf;oGm;NyD;awmh chloride
&moDOwkuGmjcm;wmeJY milk composition u

vnf; uGmjcm;Edkifygw,f/ milk fat eJY solid-not-fat
yrmP[m aqmif;&moDrSmtjrifhqkH;jzpfNyD; aEG
&moDrSm tedrfhqkH;jzpfygw,f/ milk fat eJY protein
yrmP[m aEG&moDrSm aqmif;&moDxuf 0'or
2 rS 0'or 4 &mcdkifEIef;txd ykdenf;ygw,f/ bm
aMumifv
h nf;qkad wmh &moDOwkyv
l mwmeJt
Y rQ tpm
pm;EIef;usoGm;aomaMumifh fiber intake usoGm;
ygw,f/ Fibre intake usoGm;wmeJY milk fat
yrmPvnf; usoGm;ygw,f/
(8) tpm;tpm (feed)
Milk composition ukd ajymif;apEdkifwJh t"du
t[m&aA'qkdif&mtcsufrsm;uawmh
(u) tpmpm;EIef; (feed intake)
pm;vkdufwJhtpmrsm;ukd EGm;rsm;u wkdufkdufaomf
vnf;aumif;? oG,0f u
dk
f aomfvnf;aumif; Edx
Yk w
k f
vkyfrItwGuf tokH;csvkdufygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh
tpmpm;EIef; jrifhwufvmwmeJY energy &&SdrIjrifh
wufvmNyD; milk protein yrmP[mvnf; 0'or
2 rS 0'or 3 &mcdkifEIef;cefY jrifhwufvmygw,f/
EdkYpm;EGm;awGukd imbalance ratio(low energy:
protein ratio) auR;r,fqkd&if milk fat eJY milk
protein yrmPavsmhusEdkifygw,f/
(c) tpmMurf;-tpmEktcsKd;
(forage:concentrate ration)
ykrH eS t
f m;jzifh EGm;ukad uR;wJt
h pmxJrmS tpmMurf;tpmEktcsKd;[m 40;60 jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvkdY
tpmEkyrmP[m 60 &mcdik Ef eI ;f xuf ausmv
f eG o
f mG ;
&if milk fat &mcdkifEIef; usoGm;wwfygw,f/ bm
aMumifhvnf;qkdawmh tpmEkrsm;rsm;auR;vkdufwm
aMumifh fiber digestion eJY rumen pH ukd avsmh
usapygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh acetic eJY butyric acid
(precursor of milk fatty acid synthesis in mammay gland) xGuf&SdrIavsmhusNyD; propionic acid
(level of starch in ration)
EGm;ukad uR;wJt
h pmxJrmS upD"mwf(starch) yrmP
rsm;vGe;f ae&if propionate xGu&f rdS yI rmPrsm;aeNy;D
acetate xGuf&SdrIyrmP avsmhenf;ygw,f/ tJ'g
aMumifh milk fat yrmP avsmhenf;wmukd awGU&yg
w,f/
(p) tpmxJrSm tqD"mwfyg0ifrI(dietary fat)
EdkYpm;EGm;awGukdauR;wJh tpmxJrSmygwJh tqD
"mwf(fat or oil)awGu milk fat yrmPukd ajymif;vJ
apEdik yf gw,f/ polyunsaturated fat awG xnfah uR;
&ifawmh milk fat &mcdkifEIef; avsmhusEdkifNyD;awmh
saturated fat awG xnfhauR;r,fqkd&ifawmh milk
fat &mcdkifEIef;wufvmEdkifygw,f/ EdkYxJrSmygwJh fat
awG&UJ 50 &mcdik Ef eI ;f [m tpmxJrmS ygwJh long-chain
fatty acid, adipose tissue eJY microbial synthesis
of fatty acid wkr
Yd S &&Sw
d mjzpfNy;D usew
f hJ 50 &mcdik Ef eI ;f
uawmh short-chain fatty acid (acetate & butyrate) wkdYrS &&Sdwmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh EdkYxJrSm
yg0ifwhJ milk fat yrmPukd ruminal fermentation
uaexGufvmwJh end products awGeJY tpmxJrSm
ygwJh long-chain fatty acid wku
Yd vTr;f rk;d xm;ygw,f/
jrefrmhrD;&xm; wdkif;trSwf(10) yckuL-*efYa*g-uav; vrf;ydkif;? *efYa*g-jrif;om blwmMum;? rdkifwdkif (637^10-11) Mum; wHwm;trSwf (22) wGif rdk;onf;
xefpGm&GmoGef;rIaMumifh uav;bufjcrf; pvufatmuftkwfckHvJ pvuftvsm; udk;ay? tjrifh av;aycefY edrfhuRHrIjzpfay:cJh *efYa*g-jrif;om vrf;ydkif;udk Mo*kwf
11 &uf nae 6 em&Du vrf;ydkif;ydwfxm;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
wdkif;trSwf (9) o&uf-bk&m;ay:vrf;ydkif;? uHr-anmifudkif; vrf;ydkif;udk Mo*kwf 11 &uf nae 6 em&Du vrf;ydkif;jyefvnfzGifhvSpfNyD;jzpfonf/
wdik ;f trSwf (10)? yckuL -qdyjf zLvrf;ydik ;f ? a'gif;om-wefMY unfawmif blwmMum;wGif wmaygifa&wdu
k pf m;jcif;? ausmufw;Hk NyKd usjcif;? oJz;Hk jcif;? a&wdu
k pf m;jcif;rsm;
aMumifh &xm;jzwfoef;r&ojzifh wefYMunfawmif-a'gif;omvrf;ydkif;udk Mo*kwf 11 &uf eHeuf 10 em&Du vrf;ydkif;ydwfxm;cJhNyD; tif*sifeD,m (2) (vkyfief;^qdyfjzL)
ESifh vkyfom; 20 OD;tzGJUu 91 RGC jzifh &Sif;vif;cJhNyD; tqdkygvrf;ydkif;udk ,if;aeY nae 6 em&DwGif vrf;ydkif;jyefvnfzGifhvSpfNyD;jzpfaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
(owif;pOf)
weoFm&D Mo*kwf 13
weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD; Nrdwf
cdkif weoFm&DNrdKUe,ftwGif;
taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ajcwk
wyfqifxm;&onfh vlemrsm;\
ajcwkwyfqifxm;rI tqifajyap
&eftwGuf qGpfZmvefEdkifiHom;
ajcwkvufwk uRrf;usifynm&Sif
wpfOD;ESifh jynfwGif;rS wm0ef&Sdol
rsm;u Mo*kwf 11 &ufwGif uGif;
qif; avhvmMunfh cI ahJ Mumif; od&
rdwDvm Mo*kwf 13
rEav;wdik ;f a'oBu;D rdwv
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1.

2.

3.
Spare Parts for Marine Diesel Engine

(Yuchai, Model: YC6M220C)
Centre Shaft Assembly for 2nd Class Pear Shaped Buoy
High Pressure Hydraulic Hose for M.S.D Thihadipa
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No.110
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pm - 3
pm - 4
TOTTENHAM HOTSPUR
Competition
Date
Game week2
Venue
-
-
-
-
STOKE CITY
Premier League
15 August 2015
Kick-off 20:30
White Hart Lane
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