Professional Documents
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Chapter 3 - IFRS 2 - 2024
Chapter 3 - IFRS 2 - 2024
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Equity-settled Share-based Transactions
3. Cash-settled Share-based Transactions
4. Share-based Payment Arrangements with a Cash Alternative
5. Tax Implications of Share-based Payment Transactions
1. Introduction:
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Examples
➢ Company A grants 3.000.000 share options (exercisable after three years) to its
CEO as part of his compensation package
➢ Company B has a scheme that allows all its employees to purchase shares in the
company at a 10 % discount to the market price.
➢ Company C entres into a contract with a counterparty in which the counterparty
agrrees to supply components in return for a specified number of shares in
Company C.
Share-based transactions
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Grant Date
Ngày đảm
bảo/phát
hành
Vesting Measurement
Date Date
Ngày thụ
Non- quyền/trao Vesting
vesting quyền Condition
Điều kiện
Reload
Condition Feature
Forfeiture trao quyền
Rate FV @ Intrinsic
(tỷ lệ thu Grant Date Value
Hồi)
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Terminology
Vesting period
General Principal
Expense(*) charged to income statement and corresponding increase in equity
component is recorded when goods or services are provided by counterparties
Recognition of expense
Past services Future services
Amount is recognized as Expense is recognized
expense immediately over vesting period
Fair value of expense
Provided by employee
Based on FV of equity instruments on
grant date and is subsequently not Provided by non-employees
revised. Based on FV of goods and services
Amount recognized during vesting period rendered at date of receipt
is best estimate of equity instruments
expected to vest and subsequently revised
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(1)The entity pays cash in return for (2)The entity issues shares in return
the provision of goods or services for the provision of goods or
DR- Asset/(P/L)- Expense services
CR Liability DR- (P/L) )- Expense
CR Equity- option
(3) There’s also the third type of share-based payment arrangements: transactions
in which either the entity or the supplier has a choice of settlement (to receive
equity instruments or cash / other assets).
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Vesting period
Note:
- The grant date: 5/1/X1: measurement date, the No of share, the market price of share &
the exercise price are known.
- AT the grant date: the exercise price = market price of share -> No intrinsic value.
However, share option has time value; Since the share option are not traded, the Fv of the
option has to be estimated using a valuation model.
- The period: 5/1/X1 -> 5/1/X3: Vesting period; 5/1/X3: vesting date;
- vesting condition: the two-year service period.
- Remuneration expense is recognized and allocated (from 5/1/X1-> 5/1/X3)
- The related tax effect are ignored in this example.
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10 CEO
5/1/X6
2 Years 15/1/X3 Exercise date
V date:5/1/X3
100.000 Options/CEO
Strick price: 2$/CP 31/12/X2
31/12/X1
5/1/X1 1 CEO 1 CEO
31/12/20X1:
(100.000*(10-3)) * 0.4 *1/2 = $ 140.000
Dr – Remuneration expense (p/L):140.000
Cr- Share option (equity): 140.000
• Công ty Caerphilly đã mua hàng hóa với giá gốc $ 10. million vào ngày
1/7/2015. Hàng hóa được bán ra vào ngày 15/11/ 2015 với giá $ 14 million.
• Công ty Caerphilly đang gặp vấn đề thanh khoản trong suốt năm 2015 và đã
thỏa thuận với nhà cung cấp trao đổi hàng lấy CP của DN. CP của DN có giá thị
trường 1,5$/CP vào 1/7/2015; ngày 15/11/2015: 1,6$/CP
20
• Caerphilly purchased inventory at cost (FV+ TC) of $ 10. million (GTHL- giá mua
khi nhận được hàng) on 1 july 2015. The goods were sold in Nov 2015 for $
14 million (Giá bán).
• Caerphilly had cash flow problems during 2015 and negotiated with its supplier
to exchange the goods for options on its shares. The shares had a market value
1,5$/Share on 1 July 2015: 10.000.000/1,5= SL, 1 Aug: 1,2$/S: 10.000.000/1,2
= SL CP
• Explain how the transaction should be dealt with in the fiannacial
statements for the year – ended 31 Dec 2015
• -> FV của giao dịch: 10 mill -> số lượng CP sẽ thanh toán là BN? (thanh toán
vào ngày 1/7/2015)
• Debit – Inventory: 10 mill ($)
• Credit- Share capital - Equity: 10 mill
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Ngày 1/11/20X0, Cty Alto công bố kế hoạch thưởng dựa trên CP cho các GĐ
(100GĐ). Các điều khoản của KH như sau:
a) Số lượng quyền chọn mỗi GĐ được thưởng sẽ được tính bởi công thức: 50.000 *
(1+ tỷ lệ tăng bình quân năm LNST trong thời gian từ 1/1/20X1 đến
31/12/20X3). Tăng LN như là điều kiện về thành tích.
b) Giá thức hiện quyền chọn là $ 3,6/CP, và đây cũng là giá thih trường của CP vào
ngày đảm bảo.
c) Các quyền chọn này không được quyền chuyển nhượng và có thể thực hiện sau 3
năm kể từ ngày đảm bảo và hết hiệu lực sau 5 năm kể từ ngày đảm bảo.
d) Quyền chọn sẽ không thưởng cho các GĐ rời DN trước ngày 31/12/X3
e) GTHL của quyền chọn ước tính vào ngày đảm bảo lằ 0,5$.
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- Kế hoạch được phê chuẩn bởi các cổ đông vào ngày 1/1/20X1. Vào ngày đảm bảo,
DN ước tính lợi nhuận ròng của cty tăng bình quân 10%/năm và tỷ lệ các GĐ rời DN
đến cuối X3 là 10%.
- Vào cuối năm 20X1, lợi nhuận ròng của cty tăng 15% so với 20X0. Ba giám đốc đã
rời DN vào cuối 20X1. Nhà QT xét lại tỷ lệ số GĐ rời DN cho đến cuối X3 là 8%
vfa lợi nhuận ròng tăng bình quân năm 12% (tính cho cả kỳ ba năm).
- Năm 20X2, hai giám đốc đã rời DN và lợi nhuận ròng của cty tăng 8% so với
20X1. NQT ước tính tỷ lệ GĐ rời DN là 8% và LNR tăng bình quân 10%/năm cho
kỳ ba năm.
-Năm 20X3, hai giám đốc đã rời DN. Lợi nhuận ròng trong năm của cty tăng 13%
so với 20X2, dẫn đến tăng bình quân năm 12% cho cả kỳ ba năm. Ngày 31/12/X3,
giá cổ phiếu của cty là $ 5 và tất GĐ còn lại thực hiện quyền chọn 23
On 1 Nov 20X0, Alto Corporation announced a share incentive plan for 100
executives. The terms of plan are as follows:
a) The number of options each executive would receive was given by following
formula: 50.000 * (1+ simple average annual rate of increase in net earnings
from 1/1/20X1 to 31/12/20X3). An encrease in net earnings is a performance
condition. IFRS 2 allows the performance target to ralate to entity as a whole or a
part of the entity, such as a division. A reference to a share index is a non- vesting
codition and not a performance condition.
b) The exercise price was $ 3,6 per share, which was the same as the market price
(FV) (share) on grant date.
c) The options were not transferable, they were exercisable three years from the
grant date. The options expired at the end of five years from the grant date.
d) The options would be forfeited should any manager leave the entity during the
service period of three years: VP: 1/1/X1-> 31/12/X3
e) The estimated fair value of the share option at grant date was $ 0.50.
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- The plan was approved by sharehoders on 1 Jan 20X1. AT the date of the grant of
the share option, the management of Alto Corporation estimated that the company’s
net earnings would increase by 10% a year. Management also estimated a forfeiture
rate at of 10%, that is, 10% of the excusive would leave the company by the end of
20X3.
- At the end 20X1, the net earnings of Alto increseased by 15% over 20X0. Three
execusives left the company in 20X1. Management revised the forfeiture rate to
8% by the end of 20X3, and net earnings were revised to grow by an average of
12% for the three-year period.
-In 20X2, two execusives left the company and net earnings increased by 8% over
20X1. Management retained its estimate of the forfeiture rate at 8% and estimeted
net earnings to grow by an average of 10% over the three-year period.
-In 20X3, two execusives left the company and net earnings insreased by 13% over
20X2, resulting in a simple average annual increase of 12% for the 20x1 to 20X3
period. On the 31 Dec 20X3, the share price of Alto was $ 5 and all remaining
executives exercised the options granted to them under the performance-based
scheme.
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➢ 15/1/20X4: Issue of 50.000 *1,12*93 ordinary share for cash Exercise price: 3,6$:
Dr – Cash....................................:18.748.800 = 5.208.000 Shares * 3,6
Dr- Share option reserve (equity):2.604.000
Cr: Share Capital:............................21.352.800 26
• Share-based plans that pay cash to employees instead of issuing new equity
instruments
• Entity incurs liability for the services received from the employees
– Measured initially and remeasured at each reporting date to settlement
date
– Fair value estimated using option valuation model (IFRS 13- FV)
– Changes in fair value goes to profit and loss
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Ngày 1/1/20X1, ABC đưa vào thỏa thuận đảm bảo (thưởng) 1.000 SARs cho mỗi
trong 100 nhân viên của mình. Kỳ chuyển quyền kết thúc ngày 31/12/ 20X3. Giá thực
hiện quyền chọn $30/CP. Mỗi SAR người thụ quyền được nhận tiền bằng phần giá
cổ phiếu tăng lên so với giá thực hiện (30$) vào ngày thanh toán, còn gọi là giá trị nội
tại của SAR
Thông tin bổ sung
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The fair values and instrinsic values of the SARs over the vesting period are as follows:
Date Share price Fair value instrinsic value
(FV- Market Price) (SAR) (Exercise price: 30 $)
31 Dec 20X1 $40 $ 12 10$
31 Dec 20X2 42 $15 12
31 Dec 20X3 $45 $18 $15 (=45-30)
31 Dec 20X4 $49 $22 $19 (49-30)
Total culmulative liability outstanding at 31 Dec 20X3 (vesting date) was 918.000
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X1: L: CA= 368.000, TB: 368.000-368.000 = 0 -> DTA: 20%* 368.000 Dr- DTA/ Cr- DTE:73.600
X2: L: CA= 900.000, TB: 900.000-900.000 = 0 -> DTA: 20%* 900.000= 180.000 Dr- DTA/ Cr- DTE: 106.400
X3: L: CA= 918.000, TB: 918.000-918.000 = 0 -> DTA: 20%* 918.000= 183.600 Dr- DTA/ Cr- DTE: 3.600
X4: L: CA= 0, TB: 0 -> DTA:0 - Hoàn nhập thuế: Dr- DTE/ Cr- DTA: 183.600
20X1 20X3
Remuneration paybable
(L) Remuneration Expense Remuneration paybable Remuneration Expense
B: 900.000
20X2 20X4
B: 900.000 B:0
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Example
Entity Z has choice to settle its employee options in cash $ 110.000 or shares. There is
no present obligation and no past practice to settle in cash. On grant date, the
equity value is $ 100.000. The option are vested over a service period of two years.
• At the end of year 1, the journal entry is:
Dr- Remuneration Expense:50.000 $ (=100.000 *1/2)
Cr- Equity (Option):.................: 50.000$
Scenario 1: Settlement in cash, cash settlement has higher value than shares :
• At the end of year 2, Z chooses to settle in cash $ 110.000:
(a) Dr- Remuneration Expense:50.000 $ Y1
Cr- Equity (Option):.................: 50.000$
Example
Scenario 2: Settlement in cash, cash settlement has lower value than shares :
Z has a choice to settle its employee options in cash $90.000 or shares. The is no
present obligation and no past practice to settle in cash. On grant date, the equity
value is $ 100.000.
• At the end of year 2, Z chooses to settle in cash $ 90.000:
(a) Dr- Remuneration Expense:50.000 $
Y1
Cr- Equity:.................: 50.000$
Dr- Equity-Option.................90.000 $
Repurchase
Cr- Cash......................90.000$
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Example
Scenario 3: Settlement in equity, cash settlement has higher value than shares :
• At the end of year 2, Z chooses to settle in equity $ 100.000:
Issue share
Dr- Equity- R/O : 100.000
Cr- Equity- Share capital: 100.000
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Example
Issue share
Dr- Equity- R/O : 100.000
Cr- SC: 100.000
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(2)Lựa chọn thanh toán tùy thuộc vào người lao động
• Bản chất giao dịch là CCTC phức hợp (DN là bên phát hành), nên bao gồm
hai thành phần: VCSH & Nợ phải trả
– Nợ phải trả: quyền của người lao động yêu cầu thanh toán bằng tiền
– VCSH: quyền người lao động yêu cầu thanh toán bằng CP (Thanh toán bằng
tiền mặt bị thu hồi)
• Xác định giá trị từng thành phần
GTHL thành phần nợ phải trả = GTHL nếu HĐ “thanh toán bằng tiền”
GTHL thành phần VCSH = GTHL của HĐ nếu – GTHL thành phần
“ thanh toán bằng nợ phải trả
CP”
+
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(2)Lựa chọn thanh toán tùy thuộc vào người lao động
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Giá CP của Delta vào cuối các năm 20X3 and 20X4 là $3,3 and $3,6
Giả sử giá thị trường cổ phiếu của cty vào cuối 20X5
Situation 1: The share price of of Delta Corporation at the end of 20X5 was $3,8
47
Situation 2: The share price of of Delta Corporation at the end of 20X5 was $4,5
The share prices of Delta Corporation at the end of 20X3 and 20X4 were $3,3 and
$3,6 respectively. Assume the following share price at the end of 20X5
Situation 1: The share price of of Delta Corporation at the end of 20X5 was $3,8
48
Situation 2: The share price of of Delta Corporation at the end of 20X5 was $4,5
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Situation 2: The share price of of Delta Corporation at the end of 20X5 was $4,5
50
Situation 1: The share price of of Delta Corporation at the end of 20X5 was $3,8
Calculation of remuneration expense for 20X3 (31/12):
Debt component (3,3* 100.000 *1/3):...................110.000 ($)
Equity component (180.000 *1/3):...........................60.000 ($)
Remuneration expense recognized in 20X3:...........170.000 $
Dr- Remuneration expense: 170.000 $
Cr- Liability:......................................110.000 $
Cr- Share option reserves (equity):.......60.000 $
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Situation 1: The share price of of Delta Corporation at the end of 20X5 was $3,8
Calculation of remuneration expense for 20X5:
Debt component (3,8* 100.000 ):....................................380.000 ($) (+ 140.000)
Equity component (180.000 ):..........................................180.000 ($) (+ 60.000)
Less Remuneration expense recognized in 20X3 &20X4:(360.000) $
Total remuneration expense recognized in 20X5:.............200.000$
Dr- Remuneration expense: 200.000 $
Cr- Liability:......................................140.000 $
Cr- Share option reserves (equity):.......60.000 $
(31/12/X5)
Dr- Liability: 380.000 $
Cr- Cash: 380.000 $
L: 380.000
Equity (Option): 180.000
52
Situation 2: The share price of of Delta Corporation at the end of 20X5 was $4,5
Calculation of remuneration expense for 20X3:
Debt component (3,3* 100.000 *1/3):...................110.000 ($)
Equity component (180.000 *1/3):...........................60.000 ($)
Remuneration expense recognized in 20X3:...........170.000 $
Dr- Remuneration expense: 170.000 $
Cr- Liability:......................................110.000 $
Cr- Share option reserves (equity):.......60.000 $
31/12/ X5:
Dr- Liability: 450.000 $
Dr- Cash: 1.200.000 $ (=400.000 *3) (*** xem IAS 33: EPS= E/S)
Dr- Equity- option: 180.000
Cr- Share capital-VGCP: 1.830.000
The equity of entity after the exercise of the option is increased by $ 1.830.000
(1.2.000.000 +450.000 +180.000)
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Change in
Change in Inclusion of Early
exercise Cancellation
vesting cash settlement
price of grant
condition alternative of grant
(Repricing)
55
Repricing
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Modification date
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On 1 Jan 20X1, Reford Corporation, a listed company, granted 30.000 share options
to each of its 100 employees. The options were exercisable three years from the date
of the grant, conditional upon the employee remaining in the entity’s employment
during the three- year service period. The option would expire ten years after the date
of the grant. The exercise price was $3, which was also the market price at the grant
date. The fair value of each share option was estimated at $ 1,5 at the grant date.
Management estimated a forfeiture rate of 10% over three years, that is, a total of ten
employees were estimated to leave the entity by the end of 20X3. Five employees left
during 20X1, but no adjustment was made to the forfeiture rate at the end 20X1.
Another five employees left the entity during 20X2. At the end of 20X2, management
revised the forfeiture rate of 15%. Two employees left in 20X3.
At 1 Jan 20X2, the market price of Reford Corporation share fell to $2,2. Reford
Corporation revised the exercise price to $ 2,2. AT this date, the fair value of the
original option before repricing was estimated at $1; the fair value of the modified
option was estimated at $1.3.
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The revision of the exercise price on 1 Jan 20X2 has the effect of the exchanging the
existing share options for “new” share options that carry an exercise price of $ 2,2.
The “new” share option have a life of nine years (which is also the remaining life of
the original share options). The modification of the exercise price will result in
Reford Corporation incurring additional remuneration expense. The adtional
remuneration expense is the amount of the fair value of the modified share options
issued over the fair value of the original share options at 1 Jan 20X2. The additional
remuneration expense is calculated as follows:
- Fair value per modified share option at 1 Jan 20X2:............$ 1,3
- Less FV of original share option at 1 Jan 20X2:...................$ 1,0
- Incremental value per modified share option at 1 Jan 20X2:.$0,3
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➢ 31/12/20X2:
Dr – Remuneration expense ......................: 180.000
Cr- Share option reserve (equity).................. : 180.000
64
10 CEO
2 Years 5/1/X6
V date:5/1/X3 15/1/X3 Exercise date
100.000 Options/CEO
Strick price: 2$/CP
31/12/X1 31/12/X2
5/1/X1 1 CEO 1 CEO
31/12/20X1:
(100.000*(10-3)) * 0.4 *1/2 = $ 140.000
Dr – Remuneration expense (p/L):140.000
Cr- Share option (equity): 140.000
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➢ 31/12/20X2:
Dr – Remuneration expense ......................: 180.000
Cr- Share option reserve (equity).................. : 180.000
67
68
X2
Exp/DTE (P/L) Equity (option) DTA
1/1/X2:147 1/1/X2:35
180 36 180 36
57 57
31/12/X2:384
31/12/X2:128
31/12/20X2: (100.000*(10-2)) * 0.4 = 320.000
Dr – Remuneration expense (p/L): 320.000-140.000= 180.000
Cr- Share option (equity) : 180.000
31/12/20X2:
Tax deduction based on instricsic value (800.000 *0,8): 640.000 $:
Expense: 320. -> X1: 140-> 28; X2: 180 -> 36
Dr- DTA/Cr- DTE: 36
DTA=
Equity: 320. -> 64: 640*20%=128
X1: (175-140= 35): 35 *20%=7 ;
X2: (320 – 35= 285): 285*20%= 57
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X2
Exp/DTE (P/L) Equity (option) DTA
1/1/X2:203 1/1/X2:35
270 54 270 54
39 39
31/12/X2:384
31/12/X2:128
31/12/20X2: (100.000*(10-2)) * 0.6 = 480.000
Dr – Remuneration expense (p/L): 480.000-210.000= 270.000
Cr- Share option (equity) : 270.000
31/12/20X2:
Tax deduction based on instricsic value (800.000 *0,8): 640.000 $:
Expense: 320. -> X1: 210->42 ; X2: 270 -> 54
Dr- DTA/Cr- DTE: 54
DTA=
Equity: 320 -> 64: 640*20%=128
X1: (175-210= -35): -35 *20%=-7 ;
X2: (480 + 14= 515): 515*20%= 103
Tax Exp
Equity (option) DTA
19.872
128 384 1/1/X3:384 1/1/X3:128
128
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