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CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (1)

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I. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 0

Dùng để diễn đạt những sự thật tổng quan, những dữ kiện khoa học luôn luôn xảy ra với một điều
kiện nhất định.

If clause, Main clause

Simple present Simple present

Eg: If you heat ice, it turns into water.

If there is a shortage of any product, prices of that product go up.

If he comes, call me. = Call me if he comes.

II. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1

Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để diễn tả một điều có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

➢ Cấu trúc

If clause, Main clause

Simple present Simple future

Eg: If he runs, he will get there on time.

The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.

➢ Dạng đặc biệt, biến thể:

If clause, Main clause Use Example

Khả năng If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be

May/might
diverted.

Cho phép If you finish your homework, you can

Simple present Can/may
go out.

Khuyên bảo If you want to lose weight, you must eat

Must/should
less bread.

Present Nhấn mạnh If you are looking for Peter, you will
Simple future
continuous hành động đang find him upstairs.

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diễn ra ở hiện
tại

Nhấn mạnh If you have finished, you may go out.

hành động đã
Simple future
Present Perfect kết thúc/hoàn
May/might thành trước một
hành động khác

III. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2

Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả một điều không có thật ở hiện tại.

If clause, Main clause

Simple past Would + inf

(be → were)

Eg: Fact: I don’t have a map (HT) → If I had a map, I would lend it to you.

If someone tried to blackmail me, I’d call the police.

If I were you, I’d plant around the house (I’m not you).

If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work. (I don’t live near my office)

➢ Lưu ý:

• Chúng ta có thể thay “would” bằng “could, should, may, might…..”

• If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work.

= If I were to live near my office, I’d be in time for work.

• Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại 2:

Eg: - If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work.

= Were I to live near my office, I’d be in time for work.

- If I were you, I’d plant around the house. (= You had better/should plant around the house).

= Were I you, I’d plant around the house .

= If I were in your shoes, I’d plant around the house.

IV. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3

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Câu điều kiện loại 3 dùng để diễn tả một điều không có thật ở quá khứ.

If clause, Main clause

Past perfect, would/could/might/should + have + P2

Eg: Fact: He helped me (QK), I won the prize.

→ If he hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have won the prize.

If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him.

If I had worked harder last year, I could have passed the exam.

Lưu ý:

Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3:

- If you had obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened.

→ Had you obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened.

- If he hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam.

→ Had he not helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam.

Quiz

1. If I ______ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead.

A. miss B. will miss

2. It____ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt.

A. will be B. would have been

V. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRỘN

If clause, Main clause Example

Past Perfect (III)
Would + inf (II) If I had caught that plane last
night, I would be dead now.
(Thường có trạng từ chỉ thời gian:
now, ….) If he had taken my advice, he
would be rich now

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Simple Past (II) would/could/might/should + have If I knew she was short of

+ P2 (III) money, I should have lent
her more.

If I knew my mother was

coming to see me, I’d have
prepared more food

PRACTICE

1. We’ll have to go without John if he ______ soon.

A. won’t arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. doesn’t arrive

2. If I hadn’t drunk too much last night, I _______ tired now.

A. will feel B. wouldn’t feel C. wouldn’t have felt D. would feel

3. If you _____ this switch, the computer _____ on.

A. press/ come B. will press/ comes

C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes

4. I ___ William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.

A. hadn’t brought B. didn’t bring

C. wouldn’t have brought D. won’t bring

5. Were I to have some more money, I _______ that book.

A. would buy B. will buy

C. would have bought D. all are correct

6. I don’t know whether to take that job or not - _____ you, I _____ it.

A. if I had been/ would have taken B. should I be/ will take

C. if I were/would have taken D. If I were/ would take

7. If you _____ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there.

A. didn’t tell B. wouldn’t have told

C. hadn’t told D. had told

8. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she _____ absent again tomorrow,
class____ tomorrow, too.

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A. is/ will cancel B. is/ will be canceled

C. was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel

9. _____, he would have been able to pass the exam.

A. If he studied more B. If he were studying more

C. studying more D. If he had studied more

10. ___he___ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize.

A. Had – not studied B. Had- studied

C. Didn’t -study D. If – had studied

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