DIVINE WISDOM SCHOOL OF PALMAYO

Resettlement Area, Floridablanca, Pampanga

ESP 5 – St. Michael’s the Archangel

Name:__________________________________________ Date:_________________________
1st Quarter – Lesson 2 Week 2
MGA PINAGKUKUNANG IMPORMASYON: NAKABUBUTI O NAKASASAMA?
Isang malaking bahagi ng ating buhay ang paggamit ng iba‟t-ibang pinagkukunan ng mga impormasyon: dyaryo,
magasin, radio, telebisyon, pelikula at internet/computer. Isa ring malaking bahagi ang ginagampanan ng mga ito, lalo‟t
higit ang computer para sa pagtuturo sa mga mag-aaral ng ika-21 siglo. Ito ang mga pangunahin nating pinagkukunan ng
iba‟t-ibang kaalaman at impormasyong kinakailangan sa ating pang-araw-araw na pamumuhay.Paano kayo bilang mag-
aaral gumamit/gumagamit ng nasabing pinagkukunang impormasyon?

Basahin ang tula sa ibaba.

MGA PINAGKUKUNANG IMPORMASYON: ATING SURIIN
Kasanayan sa pagbabasa ugaliin natin t‟wina,
Nang pahayaga‟t, magasin, gayundin ang lathalain.
Kung may nais malaman, mga bagong kaalaman
Ang radyo at telebisyon palagi nating pakinggan.
Siyempre pa sa pagtuklas ng katotohanan,
At marubdob na pananaliksik ang kinakailangan.
Sa tulong ng internet isang pindot mo lamang
Makikita mong lahat ng iyong kailangan.

Ngunit sa paggamit ng ganitong mga kagamitan

Mahalaga ang pagtuklas sa katotohanan.
Sa mga makukuha mong iba‟t-ibang kaalaman,
Maging mapanuri, upang di-malihis ng daan.

Malalaswang panoorin patuloy na lumalaganap,

Mga blogsite sa internet na pornograpiya ang makakalap.
Mga larong mararahas, mahu-hook ka sa isang iglap
Di mo namamalayan, masamang epekto ang „yong nasagap.
Kaya kaibigan, kaisipa‟y palawakin.
Maging mapagmatyag, mensahe‟y timbangin.
Impormasyon at teknolohiya ay biyaya sa atin,
Kaya ating pagyamanin at „wag abusuhin.

Sagutin ang mga sumusunod na kata nungan:

1. Tungkol saan ang tulang inyong binasa?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Anu-ano ang mga pinagkukunang impormasyong nabanggit sa tula?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Anu-ano ang mga buting dulot ng mga ito sa atin? Di-mabuting dulot?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Paano mo masasabi na ikaw ay nagiging mapanuri sa mga balitang naririnig mo sa radyo/
telebisyon o nababasa mo sa pahayagan? Ipaliwanag.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Itala ang iyong mga napanood sa telebisyon, pelikula at internet. Paano ito nakaaapekto sa iyong kaisipan at
damdamin? Ipaliwanag.

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 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
TANDAAN NATIN
Tunay na napakahalaga ng paggamit ng iba‟t-ibang media (pahayagan, magasin, radyo, telebisyon at internet o
kompyuter sapagkat napapagaan nito ang ating buhay, lalo‟t higit sa mga mag-aaral na naghahanap ng kalutasan na
may kinalaman sa kanilang pag-aaral. Sa pamamagitan ng mga ito napapadali ang ating mga Gawain at natutututo rin
ang mga Mag-aaral na mapalawak ang kaalaman sa larangan anumang disiplina. Malaki ang epekto ng media sa atin.
Subalit hindi lahat ng ating nababasa at napapanood dito ay tama at totoo. Kailangang maging mapanuri sa mga
binabasa, pinakikinggan, pinapanood at pinupuntahang sites sa internet, dahil marami rin sa mga ito ay nagdudulot ng
karahasan at kalaswaan na maaring makapinsala sa ating sarili at pamilya. Masasabi nating malaki ang naitutulong ng
media at teknolohiya sa pag-unlad ng iba‟t-ibang aspekto ng kaalaman at edukasyon. Ngunit dapat din nating
pakaisipin na nararapat lamang na gamitin natin ito nang tama. Huwag nating hayaan na abusuhin ang ating sarili ng
teknolohiya na maaring makapagdulot sa atin ng negatibong epekto kapag hindi ginamit sa tamang paraan. Maging
mapanuri at mapagsiyasat sa mga bagay na nakagugulo dala ng mga ito para na rin sa ating kapakanan at n gating
pamilya.

SUBUKIN NATIN
Lagyan ng salitang NAKABUBUTI ang mga gawaing nagpapakita ng magandang dulot ng paggamit ng media at internet.
HINDI NAKABUBUTI naman kung ito ay nakasasama. Isulat ang inyong sagot sa kalahating papel.
_______ 1. Nakapagsasaliksik sa agham at teknolohiya para sa takdang-aralin.
_______ 2. Nakapaglalaro sa internet ng barilan at patayan ng mga zombies.
_______ 3. Nakukumpara ko ang tama at mali sa nabasa sa pahayagan.
_______ 4. Napipili ang mga pelikula at programang hatid ay kaalaman at aral sa buhay.
_______ 5. Nakakapag-chat ng malalaswang salita sa skype.

Magaling! Tagumapy mong naipakita ang iyong pagmamahal sa katotohanan. Patuloy mo pa Itong paunlarin. Sapagkat
natapos mo nang may pagmamahal sa katotohanan at may mapanuring pag-iisip ang araling ito, maaari ka nang
tumungo sa susunod na aralin. Galingan mo pa!

Prepared by: Mrs. Lourdes M. Manansala

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 DIVINE WISDOM SCHOOL OF PALMAYO
Resettlement Area, Floridablanca, Pampanga
HEKASI 5 – St. Michael’s the Archangel
Name:__________________________________________ Date:_________________________
1st Quarter – Lesson 2 Week 2
Ang Pinagmulan ng Pilipinas

Tuklasin

“May isang higante na may pasang napakalaking bato sa kanyang balikat. Nang siya ay napagod, nahulog ang bato at ito
ay nagkahati-hati na naging kalupaan kasama ang Pilipinas.”

1. Ano ang iyong masasabi tungkol sa alamat?

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Kapani-paniwala ba ang alamat tungkol sa pinagmulan ng Pilipinas? Bakit?
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Suriin

Teorya – siyentipikong pag-aaral ng iba’t ibang paniniwala ng mga bagay-bagay na may batayan subalit hindi pa lubos
napapatunayan.
Tektonik- ang paraang tektonik ay ang paggalaw ng lupa sanhi ng pagkilos ng nasa ilalim nito. Ang tektonikong paggalaw
ay naging daan upang mabasag ang malaking masa ng lupa o platong tektonikong nagtutulakan o nagkikiskisan.
Plate tektonik- malalaki at makakapal na tipak ng lupa sa crust layer .

Sa makikita natin sa larawan mayroong nakapatong-patong na mga layers yun ay ang lupain at karagatan. Yung
pinakailalim ay ang bulkan.
Continental drift theory- iniuugnay dito ang teorya ng plate tektoniks kung saan sinasabing ang paggalaw ng mga
tektonik plates ang siyang naging dahilan ng pagkakahiwa-hiwalay ng mga kontinente.

Alfred Wegener- siyentipikong German ang naghain ng teoryang continental drift

Bailey Willis – siyentistang Amerikano na naniniwala na ang Pilipinas ay nabuo sanhi ng pagputok ng bulkan sa ilalim ng
karagatan.
Mito:

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Ito ay isang kwento o alamat na naging batayan ng ating mga ninuno upang maunawaan ang misteryo ng pinagmulan ng
mundo, tao at iba pang nilalang.
Halimbawa: Ang Alamat ng Higante
- sinabing dahilan ng paghati-hati ng mga pulo at pagkabuo ng Pilipinas

Relihiyon:
Ang relihiyon ng unang Pilipino ay Islam.
Kaya sa panahon ngayon nagkakaroon ng maraming relihiyon ang mga Pilipino dahil sa pagkakahiwalay ng mga pulo.

Isaisip

Sagutin ang mga sumusunod na tanong:

1. Ano ano ang naging batayan sa pagkabuo o pinagmulan ng Pilipinas

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Ano ang tawag sa alamat o kwento ng ating mga ninuno na naging batayan sa pagkabuo ng Pilipinas?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Magbigay ng mga halimbawa ng paggalaw ng plate tektoniks?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Batay sa teorya ng plate tektoniks, paano nabuo ang kapuluang Pilipinas ?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

B. Sagutin ng Tama o Mali.

__________1. Patuloy ang pagtambak ng volcanic material sa ilalim ng karagatan.
__________2. Unti–unting lumitaw ang pulo sa karagatan na siyang bumuo ng kapuluan ng Pilipinas.
__________3. Patuloy ang paikot na paggalaw ng mga tectonic plate sa ilalim ng mga karagatan
__________4.Nababago ang anyo,,hugis at posisyon ng mga kalupaan dahil sa paghihiwalay at pagbanggaan ng mga
plate.
__________5. Hindi tumitigil ang paggalaw ng tektonik plate sa ilalim ng karagatan.

Karagdagang Gawain:

Gumuhit ng larawan na nagpapakita ng paggalaw ng plate tektoniks.

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 Prepared by: Mrs. Lourdes M. Manansala

DIVINE WISDOM SCHOOL OF PALMAYO

Resettlement Area, Floridablanca, Pampanga
HEKASI 6 – St. Therese of the Child Jesus
Name:__________________________________________ Date:_________________________
1st Quarter – Lesson 2 Week 2
Sekularisasyon at Ang Cavite Mutiny
SEKULARISASYON
Ang pagsasa-Filipino ng mga parokya.Ito ay isa sa mga naging hakbang ng mga paring sekular na magkaroon ng
parokya na pamahalaan. May mga taong nakagawa ng kabayanihan para sa ating bansa. Sila ay nagdaan sahirap at
nagsakripisyo dahil sa kanilang pagmamahal sa ating kalayaan. Ang ilan sa kanila ay nagbuwis pa ng sariling buhay.

May dalawang uri ng mga paring katoliko sa ating bansa noon.

Paring Regular – kabilang sa mga orden: sila ay mga paring misyonero na naglalakbay sa iba’t ibang lugar upang
magpalaganap ng Kristiyanismo.
Paring Sekular- paring nagsasanay sa seminaryo upang mangasiwa sa mga parokya sa Pilipinas. Sila ay nasa ilalim ng
pamamahala ng mga obispo at walang kinabibilangang orden kumpara sa mga paring regular.

Padre Pedro Pelaez

Siya ang namuno at naglunsad ng isang kilusan ng mga paring sekular upang ipagtanggol ang kanilang
karapatang maitalaga at makapagtrabaho sa mga parokya.Tinawag ang kilusang ito “sekularisasyon ng
parokya”.Tinulungan ng mga mamamayan ang mga paring secular dahil pareho sila na Pilipino na inapi ng mga
Espanyol.Lumakas ang kilusan ngunit namatay si Padre Pelaez noong Hunyo 3, 1863 at naiwan niya ang pakikipaglaban
sa mga karapatan ng mga paring Pilipino.

Padre Jose Burgos

Humalili kay Padre Pelaez sa kanyang mga Gawain. Dahil mas malaki ang bilang ng mga paring sekular na
katutubo kaysa sa mga regular na paring mga Espanyol , ang mga suliranin ay naging labanan ng mga lahi.

ANG LIBERALISMO ni CARLOS MARIA DELA TORRE

Carlos Maria dela Torre
Ipinadala ng Espanya sa Pilipinas upang manungkulan bilang gobernador. Siya ay isang Espanyol na liberal ang
kaisipan.
Nanungkulan siya mula 1861 hanggang 1871 at sa loob na panahong ito, nahikayat niya ang mga makabayang Pilipino na
pag-usapan ang mga suliranin ng bansa upang ang mga ito ay matuwid. Kinapootan siya ng mga prayle at ng mga alagad
ng mga ito dahil ayaw nilang matuto ang mga katutubong mamayan ng mga maunlad na ideya at liberal na kaisipan.

PAG-AALSA SA CAVITE
Noong Nobyembre 28, 1871, winakasan ni Gobernador- Heneral Rafael de Izquierdo ang pribilehiyo na hindi
pagbabayad ng buwis na dating natatanggap ng mga undalong nakatalaga sa arsenal sa Cavite.Samakatuwid, inasahan
ang nasabing mga sundalo na magbayad ng kaukulang halaga ng buwis at magsagawa ng polo y servicio.

Gobernador- Heneral Rafael de Izquierdo

Ang humalili kay de la Torre na ilalabas ang katibayan sa pagkakasangkot ng tatlong pari subalit hindi nailabas
ang mga dokumentong magpapatunay sa pagkasangkot nina GOMBURZA sa pag-aalsa sa arsenal ng Cavite. Nanungkulan
bilang isang gobernador noong 1871-1873.Naging malupit at kinamumuhian ng mga katutubong Pilipino at
kinasuklaman ng mga manggagawa at sundalo sa arsenal ng Cavite dahil inalis niya ng kanilang pribilehiyong malibre sa
buwis at sa polo y serbisyo. Nag – alsa sila at sinakop ang kuta ng San Felipe noong gabi ng Enero 20, 1872. Nagtagumpay
sila at nakuha nila ang arsenal ng Cavite.

ANG PAGBITAY sa GomBurZa.

Dahil sa pag aalsa sa Cavite,pinalaki ng mga paring Espanyol ang isyu at sinabi nila kay Rafael de Izquierdo na
may balak ang mga Pilipinong pabagsakin ang kapangyarihan ng Espanya sa bansa. Nadamay ang mga makabayang pari
at ang kanilang mga tagasunod.
Napagbintangan sina Padre Mariano Gomez, Padre Jose Burgos at Padre Jacinto Zamora na kasama sa pag aalsa.

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Galit ang ilang paring Espanyol sa kanila dahil masugid nilang itinutulak ang sekularisasyon. Sila ang isinuplong na mga
lider ng pag aalsa.

Padre Mariano Gomez, Padre Jose Burgos at Padre Jacinto Zamora

Ang tatlong paring martyr na hinatulan ng kamatayan sa pamamagitan ng garote noong Pebrero 17, 1872 ang
pagbitay sa tatlong pari ang isa sa gumising sa damdaming makabansa ng mga Pilipino. Nagalit ang mga Pilipino sa
ginawang pagpatay sa tinaguriang GomBurZa.
Nagkaisa ang mga Pilipino sa pananalig na ang mga Espanyol ay malulupit, mapang-abuso at di makatarungan.
Mula noon, itinuturing na mga martir ang tatlong pari dahil namatay sila sa pagtatanggol ng karapatan ng mga Pilipino at
sumibol ang diwang makabayan.
ANG KILUSANG PROPAGANDA
Isang samahang itinatag ng mga liberal na Pilipino upang matamo ang pagbabago sa mapayapang pamamaraan.
Ang pangunahing adhikain ay mapangalagaan ang karapatan ng mga Pilipino at ang paghiling ng asimilasyon sa
pamahalaang Kastila. Ito ay upang maranasan ng mga Pilipino ang mga karapatan bilang mamamayang Kastila.  Ang
hinihiling ng mga propagandista ay pagbabago at hindi ganap na pagsasarili ng bansa
Pluma
Ang pamamaraang ginagamit ng mga repormista o propagandista upang maipahayag ang kanilang mga
kahilingan sa pamahalaang kastila, sumulat sila ng mga nobela, magasin, aklat, at iba pang babasahin.

Layunin ng Kilusang Propaganda

1. Pagkakapantay-pantay ng mga Pilipino at Kastila
2. Pagkilala sa Pilipinas bilang bahagi o probinsiya ng Espanya
3. Pagkakaroon ng representasyon sa Spanish Cortes ng Espanya
4. Pagtatalaga ng mga Pilipinong paring secular sa mga parokya
5. Pagkilala sa mga karapatang pantao ng mga Pilipino
6. Pagkakaroon ng mga pagbabago sa pamamalakad sa pamahalaan

Mga Repormista o Propagandista

1. Graciano Lopez- Jaena
Ipinanganak sa Jaro, Iloilo noong Disyembre 17, 1856. Ang kanyang mga magulang ay sina Placido Lopez at Maria
Jacobo Jaena.Nag-aral siya sa seminary ngunit hindi siya tumagal dito at nagpasiyang lumabas.
Fray Botod- ang unang akda na kanyang ginawa na isang kwento.
Nagkasakit ng tuberkolosis at namatay sa Barcelona, Espanya noong Enero 30, 1896
Ang kanyang mga akda:
1. Fray Botod
2. La Solidaridad
3. La Hiya del Fraile
4. Esperanza
Discursos y Artifulos Varios
2. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Isang bantog na manunulat at mananalumpati. Ipinanganak sa Kupang Bulacan, Bulacan noong Agosto 30, 1850
Anak nina Julian H. del Pilar at Blasa Gatmaitan. Nag-aral sa Colegio de San Jose at Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas at
nagtapos ng abogasya. Nagkasakit ng tuberculosis at namatay sa Barcelona, Espanya noong Hulyo 4, 1896.
Ang kanyang mga akda:
1. Diariong Tagalog
2. Caingat Cayo
3. Sagot ng Espanya sa Hibik ng Pilipinas
4. Dudas
5. La Soberania Monacal
6. La Frailocrasia Filipinas
7. Dasalang at Toksohan
8. Dupluhan
9. Kadakilaan ng Dios
10. Pasiong Dapat ipag-alala ng Puso ng Taong Babasa
3. Jose P. Rizal
Itinuturing nobelista ng mga propagandista. Ipinanganak noong Hunyo 19, 1861 sa Calamba, Laguna. Anak nina
Francisco Mercado at Teodora Alonzo Sa gulang na walong taon, isinulat niya ang tulang “Sa Aking Kababata” na
nagtuturo ng pagmamahal sa sariling wika. Nag-aral sa Ateneo de Manila at Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas. Ang Noli Me
Tangere at El Filibusterismo ang kanyang obra maestro. El Filibusterismo- isang nobelang pulitikal na nagsasaad ng
nalalapit na rebulusyon. dinakip at ikinulong siya sa Fort Santiago at di naglaon ay ipinatapon sa Dapitan, Zamboanga
noong 1892. Disyembre 30, 1896- siya ay nahatulan ng kamatayan sa pamamagitan ng pagbaril sa Bagumbayan (Luneta
ngayon)
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Ang kanyang mga akda:
1. Noli Me Tangere
2. El Filibusterismo
3. A La Suventad Filipina
4. Mi Ultimo Adio
Asociasion Hispano – Filipino
Ito ay itinatag noon Enero 12, 1882 sa Madrid Espanya

Ang Dalawang Kastilang Kasapi

Miguel Morayta – guro ng Unibersidad Central de Madrid
Felipe de la Corte – may akda ng ilang mga aklat at lathalain tungkol sa Pilipinas

Ang Tatlong Dibisyon

Sektor Pampulitika sa pamumuno ni Marcelo H. del Pilar;
Sector Pampanitikan kay Mariano Ponce; at
Sektor Papalakasan kay Tomas Arejola.

La Liga Filipina
Itinatag ni Dr. Jose P. Rizal noong Hulyo 2, 1892 sa Ilaya, Tondo.
Ito ay isang samahang pangsibiko na naglalayong:
1.    pagkakabuklod ng buong kapuluan;
2.    pagtutulungan sa panahon ng pangangailangan at kagipitan;
3.    pagtatanggol laban sa lahat ng uri ng karahasan at kawalang-katarungan;
4.    pagtataguyod ng edukasyon, agrikultura at komersiyo;
5.    pagsasagawa ng mga reporma o pagbabago.

Mga Nagawa at Kinalabasan ng Kilusan

May mga ilan ding pagbabago ang nakamit ng Kilusan tulad ng:
1.    Ang pagkakaalis ng katungkulang panghukuman sa pangangasiwa ng pamahalaang bayan;
2.    Pagkakatanggal ng monopolyo sa tabako;
3.    Pagpapatibay ng Batas Maura sa pagtatag ng pamahalaang municipal;
4.    Ang pagbabayad ng buwis ay ibinatay sa kakayahan ng tao at tinawag na cedula;
5.    Pagkakatatag ng maraming hukuman sa mga lalawigan at Maynila upang mapadali ang pagdinig ng mgakaso;
6.    pagbabago ng pamamaraan ng pagpili ng gobernador sibil na mangangasiwa sa mga pamahalaang
panlalawigan.

Isagawa

Panuto: Punan ng angkop na titik upang mabuo ang salita.Isulat ang sagot sa iyong
kwaderno.
1. Sino ang tatlong paring martir? G bB zZ
b

2. Ano ang tawag sa mga paring

Pilipino na hinatulan ng S u rR
parusang kamatayan? S

tT
3. Ano ang ginamit sa pagpatay ng tatlong G r
paring martir?

4. Sila ang mga tinatawag na mga paring misyonero

na naglalakbay sa iba’t- ibang lugar upang
maglaganap ng kristiyanismo.
e l a
7 g
f a
 5. Saan ipinadala si Carlos Maria dela Torre ng
Pilipinas upang manunungkulan bilang gobernador? s a y a
p
e e

Panuto: Basahing mabuti at sagutin ang mga tanong. Bilugan ang tamang sagot.
1.Ano ang tawag ng mga Paring Piipino na nagsasanay sa seminaryo upang mangasiwa sa mga parokya sa Pilipinas?
A. Paring Sekular C. Sekularisasyon
B. Paring Regular D. Misyonaryo
2. Sino ang paring naglunsad ng isang kilusan upang ipagtanggol ang kanilang karapatang maitalaga at makapagtrabaho
sa isang parokya?
A. Padre Jacinto Zamora C. Padre Pedro Pelaez
B. Padre Jose Burgos D. Padre Mariano Gomez

3. Kailan naganap ang pag-aalsa ng Cavite Mutiny?

A. Enero 20, 1872 C. Disyembre 22, 1899
B. Enero 20, 1972 D. Disyembre 22, 1999
4. Sa anong paraan pinatay ang tatlong paring martir?
A. Binaril C. Ginarote
B. Nilubid D. Initak
5. Ano ang tawag sa mga paring misyonero na naglalakbay upang ipalaganap ang kristiyanismo?
A. Paring Sekular C. Misyonero
B. Paring Regular D. Sekularisasyon
6. Bakit nahatulan ng bitay sina Padre Mariano Gomez, Padre Jose Burgos, at Padre Jacinto Zamora?
A.Nagkasala sila B.Kinapopootan sila
C.Sila ang namuno sa kilusan D.Napagbintangan silang kasama sa pag-aalsa
7. Ano ang tawag ng Kilusan ng mga paring sekular?
A. Samahan ng mga pari B. Sekularisasyon ng Pilipino
C. Sekularisasyon ng mga Parokya D. Kilusan ng mga Pari
8. Sino ang nanungkulang gobernador noong 1871 hanggang 1873?
A. Pedro Pelaez B. Rafael de Izquierdo
C .Carlos Maria dela Torre D. Jacinto Zamora
9. Bakit itinuring na martir ang tatlong pari?
A. Sila ay matapang
B. Namatay silang may paninindigan
C. Sila ay gumising ng mga damdamin ng Pilipino
D. Namamatay sila sa pagtatanggol ng karapatan ng mga Pilipino at sumibol ang diwang makabansa.
10. Paano naantig ang mga damdamin ng mga Pilipino sa nangyari sa tatlong pari?
A. Sila ay nag-aalsa
B. Lumalaban sa mapang abusong dayuhan
C. Isinawalang bahala ang pangyayari
D.Nagkaisa ang mga Pilipino sa pananalig na ang mga Espanyol malupit, mapang-abuso at di makatarungan.
Panuto: Ilagay sa graphic organizer ang apat sa kanilang nagawang akda na
pumukaw sa damdaming makabayang Pilipino.

Mga Propagandista

Jose P. Rizal Marcelo H. Del Pilar Graciano Lopez- Jaena

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 Prepared by: Mrs. Lourdes M. Manansala

DIVINE WISDOM SCHOOL OF PALMAYO

Resettlement Area, Floridablanca, Pampanga
EPP 5 – St. Michael’s the Archangel
Name:__________________________________________ Date:_________________________
st
1 Quarter – Lesson 2 Week 2
Panuntunan sa Pamamahagi ng mga Dokumento at Media Files
Ang kahulugan at kahalagahan ng ICT at mga panuntunan sa pagmamahagi ng mga dokumento at media file.
Dapat maging ligtas at kapakipakinabang sa lahat ng pamamahagi ng dokumento at media file at kailangang
maliwanagan ang wasto at responsableng pamamahagi nito.
Tumutukoy ang information Technology sa mga pamamaraan, kasangkapan, at teknolohiya na tumutulong sa
mga tao upang makakiha ng impormasyon, maproseso ito, maitago at maibahagi. Itinuturing din itong sining at agham
ng pagtatala, pag-iingat, pagsasaayos at pagpapalaganap ng impormasyon.
Kasiya-siyang gawainang paggamit ng computer internet at email. Ngunit kalakip nito ang malaman at maliwanagan
ang wastong pamamahagi ng mga dokumento at media file na nabuo mula dito.
Matuto ka na makapamahagi ng mga dokumento at media file sa ligtas at responsableng pamamaraan dapat
maging ligtas at responsible sa pamamahagi ng mga dokumento at media files gamit ang information ang
communication technology (ICT) katulad ng computer, email at internet at mga social media files gaya ng facebook at
Instagram. Kailangang mahusay na mapag-aralan ang mga datos at gabay sa ligtas at responsableng pamamaraan.
Paano nga ba ang tamang paraan ng pag-gamit ng social media? Halina at baybayin natin ang ilan lamang sa mga
pamamaraan upang maibalik natin ang katinuan sa internet. Maaring sa pamamagitan ng mga maliliit na gawaing ito,
magsilbi tayong halimbawa sa mas nakararami pa nating mga kababayan at kaibigan upang mapanatili natin ang
kagandahang asal online.
1. Tandaan na ang social media at ang internet ay isang publikong lugar
Anumang bagay na ipost natin sa social media at sa internet ay naisasapubliko. Ang isang post ay maaring
mabasa ng daan-daan nating mga kaibigan. Maari din itong mai-share at umabot sa libu-libo, o maging milyun-milyong
naka-konekta sa internet.
Kaya dapat maging maingat tayo sa lahat nang ating mga pananalita, mga pictures, at maging sa ating
ekspresyon. Tandaan na maaaring mabasa ang mga ito ng samut-saring uri ng tao — mga kamag-anak, mga kaibigan,
maging ng ating mga employer. Tandaan na kung ano ang ating reputasyon online, ganun din ang kanilang magiging
pagkilala sa atin sa tunay na buhay.
Hanggat maaari, iwasang mag-post ng masyadong pribadong mga topiko, maseselang litrato at video, at huwag
mag-post ng nakakasakit o nakakaoffend sa ibang tao lalo na ang patungkol sa kasarian, relihiyon, at pulitika.
2. Ang social media ay lugar para sa pagkakaibigan at pagkakaunawaan
Ang social media ay nilikha upang paigtingin ang ating koneksyon sa ating mga mahal sa buhay, kaibigan, sa
pamayanan, at maging sa kabuuan ng lipunan. Ang Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, at iba pa, ay lugar para sa
pagkakaibigan at pagkakaunawaan.
Maaring dumating minsan ang punto na magkasalungat ang ating mga pananaw sa iba’t ibang mga bagay subalit
tandaan natin na karapatan ng bawat isa ang magpahayag ng paniniwala at saloobin. Hindi ito masama. Mas mainam
nga na nakikipag-kuru-kuro tayo. Importante lang na manaig ang respeto sa mga pagkakaiba nating ito.
Kung masyado nang mainit ang usapan, bakit hindi mo yayaing magkape ang iyong kaibigan at pag-usapan ang
inyong mga punto sa tunay na buhay? Iba pa rin ang face-to-face na pag-uusap.
(At tandaan, manlibre ka naman minsan, hindi yung siya lang palagi ang nanlilibre!)
3. Ugaliing basahin nang buo at maigi ang nilalaman ng article bago magkomento o magshare
Minsan maysado na tayong nasanay sa instant: instant noodles, instant coffee, instant lahat. Minsang pati sa
mga bagay na nakikita natin online, gusto na rin natin ng madalian at mabilisan. Kung kaya, maraming beses tayong
napapaso dala ng pag-react sa headline lamang.
Tandaan natin na importante ang pagbabasa at pag-unawa nang lubusan sa mga bagay na nakikita natin sa internet.
(Babala: hindi lahat nang nakikita sa internet ay totoo!)
Narito ang ilang mga gabay na tanong upang mas maunawaan natin ang ating mga binabasa:
· Ano ang pangunahing paksa ng article na ito? (Tungkol saan ang article na ito?)
· Ano ang mga sumusuportang ideya sa pangunahing paksang ito?
· Ano ang gustong ipahiwatig ng manunulat/potograpo/may-akda ng gawang ito?
· Lahat ba nang mga naisulat/ipinapakikta/nailathala ay suportado ng siyentipikong pagsusuri, ebidensya at patunay?
9
· Pantay ba sa lahat nang panig ang mga anggulo sa akdang ito?
· Maari ko bang beripikahin at i-cross check sa iba pang mga sources ang mga sinasabi at kine-claim ng awtor sa article
na ito? Sumosoporta ba sa claim na ito ang iba pang mga sources? O salungat ang mga ito?
· Itong akda/imahe/video ba ay diretsong pagpahayag ng katotohanan/kaganapan (facts)? O ito ba ay pagpapahayag
lamang ng may-akda ng kanyang sariling opinyon?
· Paano ito makaka-apekto sa akin at sa aking pang-araw-araw na pamumuhay?
· Ano ang ibig sabihin article na ito sa mga bagay-bagay na kasalukuyang nangyayari sa ating lipunan?
Kapag hindi lubusang naintindihan ang nababasa o nakikitang mga imahe, mas mainam na magtanong sa nakaka-alam, o
mga eksperto sa topiko. Magtanong sa mga kaibigan, kamag-anak, guro, o mga otoridad na may mas malawak na
kaalaman sa topiko ng article o litrato.
4. Iwasang mag share ng hindi beripikadong mga article o memes
Karugtong ng nasa itaas, tandaan natin na importanteng totoo at beripikado ang mga impormasyon na ating
sine-share sa social media. Alamin kung totoo at batay lamang sa katotohanan ang nilalaman ng articles at mga larawan.
May mga artikulong nais lamang magbigay ng komentaryo sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatawa. Ang tawag sa mga ito ay
lampoon, parody, o satire. Maging maingat sa pagkilala at pagbasa nang mga ito.
Tandaan natin na may iba pang mga websites na ang tanging pakay lamang ay manlinlang at magpakalat ng hindi
totoong mga impormasyon. Iwasan natin ang mga ito.
Maaring sa pagse-share natin ng maling impormasyon ay makasakit tayo ng ibang tao, maging dahilan ng panic, o di
kaya’y maging sanhi ng kaguluhan sa atin lipunan. Ayaw nating mangyari ito.
5. Maging responsable sa lahat nang oras
Kailangan pa bang i-memorize ‘yan? OO. Kailangang i-memorize ito at paulit-ulit nating tandaan na ang
responsableng pag-gamit ng social media ay ang tanging solusyon upang maibalik natin ang kaayusan at katiwasayan
online. Ang pagiging responsable online ay nag-uugat sa dalawang bagay lamang: katotohanan at pag-galang.
Kung ang bawat isa sa atin ay responsable sa ating pag-aasal sa social media, maiiwasan natin ang bangayan, hindi
pagkaka-uunawaan, siraan, at pagkaka-watak-watak.
Gamitin natin ang social media nang tama. Gamitin natin ito upang linangin an gating pakikipag-kapwa tao.
Gamitin natin ito upang tayo ay matuto. Gamitin natin ang Facebook, Twitter, at Instagram upang mas mapabuti pa ang
ating pamumuhay.

Ano ang natutunan ko?

Dapat maging ligtas at responsable sa pamamahagi ng mga dokumento at media files gamit ang information ang
communication technology (ICT) katulad ng computer, email at internet at mga social media files gaya ng facebook at
Instagram. Kailangang mahusay na mapag-aralan ang mga datos at gabay sa ligtas at responsableng pamamaraan.
Tumutukoy ang Information Technology sa mga pamamaraan , kasangkapan at technolohiya na tumutulong sa
mga tao upang makakuha ng impormasyon, maproseso ito, maitago at maibabahagi. Kasiya-siyang Gawain ang
pamamahagi ng dokumento at media files gamit ang computer at internet.

Mga salik na kalakip sa paggamit ng Information Technology

1. Exposure ng mga di naaangkop na materyales.

2. Makakaita ng mga bawal na materyales gaya ng sekswal, marahas at mga bawal.

3. Makakakuha ng mga virus sa pamamahagi ng dokumento o media files.

4. Makatutulong ang paggamit ng removable device subalit maari ding may napapaloob na virus na makakaapekto
sa mga files at computer.

Gawain 1
Isulat ang TAMA kung ang pahayag ay wasto tungkol sa information technology at MALI naman kung hindi.

____1. Ang paggamit ng computer ay kasiya-siyang Gawain.

____2. Ang information technology ay kadalasang nagdadala ng masama sa mga tao.
____3. Dapat isaalang-alang ang mahalagang panuntunan sa pamamahagi ng dokumento at files.
____4. Mahalaga ang ICT sa buhay ng tao.
____5. Maging responsible sa bawat information na makukuha.
____6. Ilagay kung sino o kanino nagmula ang ipamamahaging dokumento o media file.
____7. Gumamit ng removable device ng hindi nag i-scan.
____8. Tiyakin na ang dokumento at media file naipamamahagi ay hindi naglalaman ng anumang uri ng detalye na
maaaring makapanira o makapagpapagalit sa mga taong makakatanggap nito.
____9. Huwag humingi ng pahintulot sa kinauukulan bago mamahagi ng mga dokumento at media file.

10
____10. Anumang virus na nasa loob ng removable device ay hindi mailipat na kasama ng dokumento at media file na
nais ipamahagi kaya ayos lang na balewalain ito.

Gawain 2
Lagyan ng tsek____ sa hanay ng OO at ekis____ naman kung hindi.
Kasanayan sa ligtas at responsableng pamamaraan sa OO HINDI
pamamahagi ng dokumento at media files
1. Natitiyak na ligtas sa anumang virus na napapaloob
sa gagamiting removable device.
2. Ang virus na nasa loob ng removable device ay hindi
makaapekto sa mga files.
3. Aalisin muna ang virus na nakapaloob sa removable
device
4. Ang mga file na nakuha sa internet ay nararapat na
iscan muna bago buksan ang document.
5. Sa pamamahagi ng mga files at dokumento tiyaking hindi
ito naglalaman ng anumang uri ng detalye na makakasira o
makapagpagalit sa taong nakatangggap nito.

Gawain 3
A. Piliin ang pinakamabuting sagot ayon sa mga dapat isaalang-alang sa paggamit ng computer.
_____1. Pagpasok ng computer laboratory, ang dapat kong gawin ay;
a. Buksan ang computer at maglaro ng online games
b. Tahimik na umupo sa upuang itinalaga para sa akin
c. Kumain at uminom.
_____2. May nagpapadala sa iyo ng hindi naaangkop na online message, ano ang dapat mong gawin?
a. Panatilihin itong isang lihim
b. Tumugon at hilingin sa nagpapadala sa iyo na huwag ka na niyang padalhan na hindi naaangkop
na mensahe
c. Sabihin sa mga magulang upang alertuhin nila ang internet service provider
_____3. Sa paggamit ng internet sa computer laboratory, alin sa mga ito ang dapat gawin?
a. Maari kung e check ang email sa anumang oras na naisin ko.
b. Maari akong pumunta sa chat rooms o makig ugnayan sa aking mga kaibigan online.
c. Maari ko lamang gamitin ang mga aprobadong website ng may pahintulot sa guro.
_____4. Kapag may humingi ng personal na impormasyon tulad ng mga numero ng telepono o address, dapat
mong;
a. Ibigay ang hinihinging impormasyon
b. I-post ang impormasyon sa anumang pampublikong websites
c. Iwasang ibigay ang personal na impormasyon online.
_____5. Nakakakita ka ng impormasyon o lathalain sa computer na sa iyong palagay ay hindi naaangkop, ano
ang dapat mong gawin?
a. Huwag pansinin, balewalain
b. I-off ang computer at sabihin ito sa iyong kaibigan
11
 c. Ipaalam agad sa nakakatanda

Prepared by: Mrs. Lourdes M. Manansala

DIVINE WISDOM SCHOOL OF PALMAYO

Resettlement Area, Floridablanca, Pampanga
TLE 6 – St. THERESE OF THE CHILD JESUS
Name:__________________________________________ Date:_________________________
1st Quarter – Lesson 2 Week 2
Uses Technology in the Conduct of Survey to find out the Elements to be Observed in Planting Trees and Fruit -
Bearing Trees
Can you still remember about your past lesson? It talks about successful orchard growers in the communities or adjacent
communities. Am I right? Can you give a short detail about the successful orchard growers in the communities or
adjacent communities?
Activity 1. A. Describe the two pictures below.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

There are different ways of preparing seeds. One way is by placing the seeds under the sun before planting. One
example of this is the Ipil-Ipil tree.
There are two ways of planting: direct and indirect. Direct planting is a method of planting where the seeds or
parts of a plant are directly planted in the soil where it will germinate and grow into full-grown trees. In indirect
planting, the plant needs to be transferred to its permanent place.

What’s New

At this point in time you are going to “learn” another topic, it is all about the uses of technology in the conduct
of survey to find out the elements to be observed in planting trees and fruit-bearing trees. But before that, know first
these important words.

Fertile soil- a place where something begins or develops in large amounts.

Seed- a flowering plant's unit of reproduction, capable of developing into another such plant.
12
Moisture- is the water stored in the soil and is affected by precipitation, temperature, soil characteristics, and more. ...
Air and water, the gas and liquid phases, exist in the pores.
Germinate- refers to the process by which an organism grows from a seed or a spore.
Suit- it is the right size or shape for you or for that place.

Why is it important to follow different ways in planting trees and other fruit bearing trees in every area in our
locality? Proper ways in caring plant and soil:
Choose the best place for planting
Choose the seeds that best suit the season and the soil.
Put sufficient fertilizers in the soil
Take care of the soil and the plants regularly

What is It

Now, you will learn another topic. The uses of technology in the conduct of survey to find out the elements to be
observed in planting trees and fruit-bearing trees.

Why are proper ways in caring trees and fruit bearing trees important?

To ensure a higher rate of survival, follow these processes:

Thinning –To produce strong plants, pull out some crowded seedlings so that the remaining plants will have more room.

Pricking – This is done by transferring seedlings from one seed box to another to provide more space for proper
development. Water the seedlings before pricking.

Hardening – This process is done 7 to 15 days before transplanting.

What are the general steps in the proper transferring of planting trees and fruit bearing tress?
Follow the general steps in the proper transferring of plants:
* Place the seedlings away from direct sunlight. Make sure the seedlings are healthy and fresh before planting.
* Dig the area where you want to plant them. The length and depth of the hole should be according to how big the tree
will become.

13
* Remove the plant from the plastic bag. Do not remove the soil which holds the roots.

* Slowly and carefully place the seedlings in the hole. Make sure the main roots are not bent.

* Cover it with soil. Lightly press the soil.

* Water the new plant early the next morning. Use a water sprinkler.

* Plant your seedlings in the afternoon when sunlight is no longer hot to avoid withering.

Digging the Hole

Planting too deep is the top reason that trees and shrubs die. Follow these simple steps:

14
Backfill
The thinking on backfill has changed in recent years. Although it was once common to modify the backfill soil with
amendments — such as compost, peat moss, aged manure and other ingredients

Planting
When moving your plant into the planting hole, disturb the root ball as little as possible.

Mulching
Apply bark mulch or pine straw to a depth of 2”–3" over the entire planting hole. Mulching helps conserve water and
prevent weeds.

Staking
Staking at planting time is not always necessary. Consider the stability of the root ball, trunk size and strength, direction
of prevailing winds, canopy size and density when determining whether or not to stake.

Fertilizing
We do not recommend fertilizing newly planted trees and shrubs during their first year of growth.

Watering
The roots should never dry out completely, nor should they be waterlogged. 

Activity What’s More

Please read and observe the picture on the steps how to plant a tree or fruit bearing tree and do this at the back of your
house while you are at home due COVID situation.

“Market Demands for Fruits”

Planting fruits is a favorable source of income if he/she pay close attention to it and has technical
knowledge and the ability in planting, accompanied by effort, hard work and determination. The demand for
fruits both local and international market continues to rise because more people aware that fruits are important
for life to flourish. Nowadays, people of different ages are becoming increasingly health conscious. They
realize the importance of good nutrition in promoting good health. Fruits are very nutritious, loaded with fiber,
water and

Have significant chewing resistance. They are already part of the daily food of most Filipinos and
people across the world. That is why the demand for fruits in the market remains high in rank.

To ensure success in selling fruits, the farmer or seller should consider the following market demands:
1. Buyers select fruits and other products of good quality, usually based on size, shape, and appearance.
2. Good quality fruits have the same appearance, size, stage of maturity, state of freshness, and shape.
3. Fruits should be in their freshest state when being sold. They can command higher prices.
4. Pack fruits properly in good containers to maintain their freshness and to avoid cuts, bruises, and
blemishes.
5. Price your products based on the current price on the market. Going with the current price makes your
product competitive.

Ways of Marketing a Product

1. Retail - this refers to the sale of goods in small quantities directly to the consumer.
15
 2. Wholesale- this is the sale of goods in a relatively large quantity to be retailed by others.
3. Consignment basis-this is an agreement to supply goods for a definite price and at a specific time.
4. Announcement of products to the public.
5. Direct selling to the market place.
6. Selling through cooperatives.

How do the farmer/owner produce the plants which they planted on the farm? Why is there a need for
having some sources of fruits? Where can we find different sources of fruit-bearing trees?
Fruit bearing trees are available and sold in different stages of growth and ready to be transplanted.
Among these sources are:

Commercial Nursery - run by private individuals usually offering landscaping materials and services.
Agricultural Institution - a school that offers a course related to agriculture and other plant studies.
Department of Agriculture - responsible for any agricultural activities in terms of vegetables and fruits.
Bureau of Plant and Industry - they develop scientific improvement for each plant species in a locality and
adjacent place

Here are the famous orchards and orchard growers in the Philippines.

Rosa Farms, Zambales, Philippines- Rosa Farms is a 12.5-hectare mango orchard in the coastal province of
Zambales, home of the Philippine Carabao Mango. The Farm has 888 mango trees nurtured for years. The
farm is open o walk-in guest who want to experience the ambiance of areal functional farm.

Kitsie’s Farm, Zambales, Philippines- Kitsie’s Farm has dozens of fruit-bearing mango trees scattered
across its 15 hectares’ land with each tree yielding at least 200 kilos each.

Gapuz Grapes Farm, Bauang, La Union- Gapuz Farm has been in business for 30 years. The Gapuz
brothers learned the in and out of grapes growing in California.

Banana Farm, Davao Region- Banana is the leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a consistent top dollar
earner.

Davao Golden Pomelo Farm, Davao Region- Carmelita Mercado is the top pomelo producer and distributor
in the Philippines. The farm has 350 hectares of sweet pink flesh pomelo.

Nica’s Rambutan Farm, Barangay Lapaz, Tibiao, Antique- The rambutan tree belongs to a group of fruit
bearing tropical tree like longgan and lychee. The name rambutan came from an Indonesian name “rambut”
which means hair. Nica’s Farm is the biggest green rambutan farm located in Barangay Lapaz, Tibiao, Antique.
The farm was named after the youngest daughter of the owner. Aside from the green and red rambutan, you’ll
also find bananas, durian, lanzones, mangosteen, pomelo and other fruits.

Grace’s Lanzones Farm, Guyam, Indang Cavite, Philippines- It has 200 fully grown lanzones that earn
about 120,000 to 150,000 per harvest.

Dalandan Farm, Bayombong, Nueva Viscaya, Philippines- Dalandan or kahel originated from China. This
fruit is flattened and turns yellow or reddish orange when mature. It consists of 10-14 segments easily
separated from one another to form an open core.

Durian Fruit, Davao City, Philippines- The Durian fruit is popular due to its strong aroma and unique taste. It
is also grown in Thailand and Indonesia. Many often says, “It smells like hell, but it tastes like heaven”. The
flesh is rich in carbohydrate, proteins, vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin and Vitamins A and C) and minerals.

La Trinidad Strawberry Farm-The La Trinidad Strawberry Farm is a farm in the town of La Trinidad, Benguet,
Philippines primarily used for the cultivation of strawberries. The BSU leases at least 500 to 1000 square
meters (5,400 to 10,800 sq. ft.) Lots of the 79.49 hectares (196.4 acres) farm to local farmers for strawberry
cultivation. The average annual harvest of the farm as of 2018 is (1,747 long tons; 1,957 short tons)
harvested by 660 farmers

Match column A with the corresponding technology in the column B. Connect it using “a pencil”.
Column A Column B
1. Mulching A. Staking at planting time is not always necessary. Consider
the stability of the root ball, trunk size and strength, direction
16
 of prevailing winds, canopy size and density.
2. Staking B. Apply bark mulch or pine straw to a depth of 2–3"
over the entire planting hole.
3. Fertilizing C. Proper moisture is critical to the survival of your young tree
or shrub
4. Watering D. We do not recommend fertilizing newly planted trees and
shrubs during their first year of growth
5. Planting E. When moving your plant into the planting hole, disturb the root ball as little as possible
Filling the Blanks: Read and understand the following items below. Choose the answer from the box. Write it on the
space provided.

Fertile soil Pricking Seed Suit Thinning Indirect Planting

Germinate Moisture Hardening Direct Planting

__________1. To produce strong plants, pull out some crowded seedlings so that the remaining plants will have more
room.
__________2. This process is done 7 to 15 days before transplanting.
__________3. This is done by transferring seedlings from one seed box to another to provide more space for proper
development.
__________4. The plant needs to be transferred to its permanent place.
__________5. Is a method of planting where the seeds or part are directly planted in the soil where it will germinate
and grow into full-grown trees?
__________6. A place where something begins or develops in large amounts.
__________7. A flowering plant’s unit of reproduction, capable of developing into another such plant.
__________8. Refers to the process by which an organism grows from a seed or a spore.
__________9. It is the right size or shape for you or for that place
__________10. Is the water stored in the soil and is affected by precipitation, temperature, soil characteristics, and
more, air and water, the gas and liquid phases, exist in the pores?

Multiple Choice: Read the following statements. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it in your
activity notebook.

1. A strawberry found in Benguet.

A. BSU Strawberry Farm C. La Trinidad Strawberry Farm
B. Layno Strawberry Farm D. Palacio Strawberry Farm

2.It has 200 fully grown lanzones that earned about 12,000 to 150,000 per harvest.
A. Grace’s Lanzones Farm C. La Trinidad Farm
B. Magsayon Lanzones Farm D. Nica’s Farm

3. Is the biggest green rambutan farm located in Barangay Lapaz, Tibiao, Antique.
A. Antique Rambutan Farm C. Grace’s Rambutan Farm
B. Nica’s Rambutan Farm D. Polaos Rambutan Farm

4. It has been in business for 30 years. They learned the in and out grapes growing in
California.
A. Sevilla’s Grape Farm C. Gapuz Grape Farm
B. La Union Grapes Farm D. Claveria Grapes Farm

5. It has 12.5 hectares mango orchard in the central of Zambales. It is a home of Philippine
carabao mango.
A. Rosas Farm C. Kitsie’s Farm
B. Nica’s Farm D. Grace’s Farm

6. She is the top pomelo producer and distributor in the Philippines.

A. Enecita Vasmayor C. Grace Tigbo
17
 B. Carmelita Mercado D. Marites Concepcion

7. It is the leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a consistent top dollar earner.
A. Banana C. Durian
B. Mango D. Rambutan

‘8. A farm located at Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya.

A. Rambutan Farm C. Dalandan Farm
B. Lanzones Farm D. Mango Farm

9. A fruit-bearing tree that is popular due its strong aroma and unique taste.
A. Mangosteen C. Rambutan
B. Durian D. Mango

10. It has a dozen of fruit-bearing mango trees scattered its 15 hectares land.
A. Rosas Farm C. Kitsies Farm
B. Nica’s Farm D. Grace Farm

Prepared by: Mrs. Lourdes M. Manansala

18
 DIVINE WISDOM SCHOOL OF PALMAYO
Resettlement Area, Floridablanca, Pampanga
Personality Development 12 - St. Matthew

Name:__________________________________________ Date:_________________________
1st Quarter – Lesson 2 Week 2
The relationship among physiological, cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and social development
Cognitive Development
Adolescence marks the transition from childhood into adulthood. It is characterized by cognitive, psychosocial,
and emotional development. Cognitive development is the progression of thinking from the way a child does to the way
an adult does.
There are 3 main areas of cognitive development that occur during adolescence. First, adolescents
develop more advanced reasoning skills, including the ability to explore a full range of possibilities
inherent in a situation, think hypothetically (contrary-fact situations), and use a logical thought process.
Second, adolescents develop the ability to think abstractly. Adolescents move from being concrete thinkers, who think
of things that they have direct contact with or knowledge about, to abstract thinkers, who can imagine things not seen
or experienced. This allows adolescents to have the capacity to love, think about spirituality, and participate in more
advanced mathematics. Youth who remain at the level of a concrete thinker focus largely on physically present or real
objects in problem solving and, as a result, may present with difficulty or frustration with schoolwork as they transition
throughout high school. Clinicians can help parents recognize this problem to help adolescents adjust to the educational
pace.
Adolescents may also experience a personal fable as a result of being able to think more abstractly. The personal
fable is built on the fact that if the imaginary audience (peers) is watching and thinking about the adolescent, then the
adolescent must be special or different. For decades, this adolescent egocentrism was thought to contribute to the
personal fable of invincibility (eg, other adolescents will get pregnant or get sexually transmitted infections) and risk-
taking behavior.
Several studies have found that adolescents perceive more risk in certain areas than adults but that being aware
of the risks fails to stop adolescents from participating in risk-taking behavior. Neuroimaging studies demonstrate that
adolescents may experience greater emotional satisfaction with risk-taking behavior. This satisfaction can predispose
adolescents to engage in behavior despite being aware of risks. In addition, concrete-thinking adolescents may be
unable to understand the consequences of actions (eg, not taking medications), may be unable to link cause and effect
in regard to health behavior (eg, smoking, overeating, alcohol, drugs, reckless driving, and early sex), and may not be
prepared to avoid risk (eg, having condoms and avoiding riding with intoxicated drivers). Alternatively, youth who feel
the personal fable is threatened can present with stress, depression, or multiple psychosomatic symptoms.
Third, the formal operational thinking characteristic of adolescence enables adolescents to think about thinking or meta-
cognition. This characteristic allows youth to develop the capacity to think about what they are feeling and how others
perceive them. This thought process, combined with rapid emotional and physical changes that occur during puberty,
causes most youth to think that everyone is thinking not just about what they are thinking about but about the youth
themselves (imaginary audience).
The imaginary audience can be detrimental to youth obtaining clinical care and services. For example, youth
with chronic illnesses may hide or deny their illnesses for fear that the imaginary audience (peers) may learn about their
condition or to prove to the audience that the condition does not exist. It is important to remember that the audience is
very real to the adolescent. By being aware and sympathetic to the adolescent’s concerns, as a clinician, you might be
able to find solutions to address the health needs and social needs of the patient.
Adolescent Psychosocial Development
The psychosocial development that occurs during this period can be characterized as developmental tasks that
emphasize development of autonomy, the establishment of identity, and future orientation.
The first area of adolescent development—establishment of autonomy—occurs when the adolescent
strives to become emotionally and economically independent from parents. This struggle begins during
early adolescence (ages 12-14 years), which is characterized by forming same-sex peer groups, with
decreasing interest in family activities and parental advice. During this time, adolescents are concerned
with how they appear to others. The peer group, which is typically same-sex, is often idealized and has a

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strong influence on the adolescent’s development. As a result, adolescents may use clothing, hairstyles,
language, and other accessories to fit in with their peers. Similarly, adolescents who do not identify with
any peers may have significant psychological difficulties during this period. Adolescents become less
preoccupied with their bodily changes as they approach the end of puberty. The adolescent’s attention shifts from being
focused on self to adopting the codes and values of larger peer, parental, or adult groups. Clinicians who treat
adolescents can help by discussing with families that this process of pubertal maturation will often require role
readjustments among and between family members, which can sometimes result in increased stress and conflict.
During middle adolescence (ages 15-17 years), the peer group becomes a mixed-sex peer group and assumes a
primary social role for the adolescent. Adolescents begin to have short, intense “love” relationships, while looking for
the “ideal” partner. It is not uncommon for adolescents to have crushes on adults during this stage. Family conflict is
likely to be at its peak. As adolescents’ independent functioning increases, adolescents may examine their personal
experiences, relate their experience to others, and develop a concern for others.
By late adolescence (ages 18-21 years), adolescents have developed a separate identity from parents.
Simultaneously, adolescents may move away from their peer group and strive to achieve adult status. Adolescent
conflict with parents may very well decline during this stage. As adolescents begin to enter more permanent
relationships, they establish responsible behavior and their personal value system matures.
Pediatric health care professionals should be aware that most adolescents seek independence in a gradual
fashion, and a sudden shift from parents can be a warning sign that the adolescent needs help in transitioning. In fact,
some studies have demonstrated that 11-year-old girls spend 68% of their time with family and 22% with friends
compared with 46% and 44%, respectively, in 18-year-old girls. Anticipatory guidance for parents about the emerging
needs of independence will help to inform parents about this important developmental stage, provide guidance in
promoting independence in a safe setting, and alleviate some of the problems experienced in the family. Development
of clinic policies that promote an adolescent’s need for privacy, confidentiality, and involvement in decision-making can
aid in this transition.
The second task of adolescence is for youth to develop a sense of identity. Identity relates to one’s sense of self.
It can be divided into 2 areas: self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept refers to an adolescent’s perception of self—
one’s talents, goals, and life experiences. It can also relate to identity as part of ethnic, religious, and sexual identity
groups. Self-esteem relates to how one evaluates self-worth.
In 1950, Erikson described the psychosocial crisis that was occurring during this stage as “identity vs. role confusion” (13-
19 years). As adolescents transition into adults, they start to think about their roles in adulthood. Initially, it is common
for adolescents to experience role confusion about their identity and describe mixed ideas and feelings about the
specific ways in which they feel they fit into society. As a result, they may experiment with a range of behaviors and
activities to sort out this identity. Adolescents may experiment with different peer groups or different styles of dress or
behavior as a way of searching for their identity. Some degree of rebellion away from the family’s image is part of the
adolescent’s search for identity.
Erikson described that an adolescent’s inability to settle on an identity or career path can result in identity crisis.
Although this stage likely lasts for a short period, because of the current extension of adolescence and young adulthood,
with more youth obtaining advanced degrees or vocational training, it may take more time for youth to establish their
identity. Adolescents with a chronic illness may have a harder time developing a positive identity or self-image because
of the impact of the illness on body image and the limited ability to achieve independence. Pediatric health care
professionals can support adolescent identity development by encouraging parents to allow adolescents to have the
space and time to independently make health care decisions and to participate in and explore a range of activities that
can promote this development.
Inadequate development of self-identity can result in poor self-esteem in the adolescent. Poor self-image and
esteem have been associated with poor adjustment (depression or suicide), school underachievement, substance use,
and other risk-taking behaviors. Educating parents about the importance of praise and acceptance during this stage may
be helpful to ensure that adolescents emerge from it with a secure identity.
The ability for future orientation is the third area of adolescent psychosocial development. This stage usually
occurs during late adolescence (ages 18-21 years). Youth have gained the cognitive maturity that is necessary to develop
realistic goals pertaining to future vocation or career, have developed a sense of self-identity, and are most likely
refining their moral, religious, and sexual values. It is during this time that youth also expect to be treated as an adult. As
autonomy increases, youth are given more responsibility. They are also provided with more access to alcohol and drugs.
Emotional and Social Development
Adolescence is also characterized by the development of emotional and social competence. Emotional
competence relates to the ability to manage emotions, whereas social competence focuses on one’s ability to relate
effectively with others. During this process, adolescents become more aware of being able to identify and label their
own feelings and the feelings of others.
The rate of emotional and cognitive development does not parallel the rate of physical maturation. Dr Deborah
Yurgelun-Todd, director of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroimaging at McLean Hospital in Belmont,
Massachusetts, compared magnetic resonance images of adults and teenagers to demonstrate how cognitive
development does not occur simultaneously with emotional development in adolescents. Unlike in the adult brain,

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where both the limbic area of the brain (emotion center) and the prefrontal cortex (judgment and reasoning center) are
enhanced when viewing images that expressed fear, in the adolescent brain, after seeing the same images, the limbic
area is enhanced, with almost no activity in the prefrontal cortex. Such emotional-cognitive asynchrony can result in
adolescents misinterpreting other’s feelings and emotions, whereas emotional-physical asynchrony can result in
adolescents being treated as older than their emotional stage of development.

Early rapid pubertal development in girls and boys may significantly affect body image and social performance.
Early maturing boys are often perceived as older and more responsible. In general, they perform better on team sports
than boys who mature late and, as a result, may be more popular and seen as class leaders. However, timing and
duration of puberty appear to matter. In a study by Ge et al, boys who were physically more developed in seventh grade,
compared with their less physically developed peers, manifested more externalized hostile feelings and internalized
distress symptoms in grades 8 through 10. Early maturation may predispose girls to social disadvantage. Early
maturation has been identified as a risk factor for conduct problems, depression, early substance use, poor body image,
pregnancy, and early sexual initiation.
Management or self-regulation of emotions is an important process in any adolescent. Research has found that
an increased level of testosterone during puberty can result in swelling of the amygdala, the area of the brain critical in
emotional regulation. Health care professionals can help adolescents recognize triggers and symptoms of out-of-control
emotions and use reasoning skills to step back, examine emotions, and consider long-term consequences of behavior.

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 Prepared by: Mrs. Lourdes M. Manansala

DIVINE WISDOM SCHOOL OF PALMAYO, INC.

Resettlement Area, Floridablanca, Pampanga

Discipline in Social Science 11 - St. Paul

Name: _________________________________ Date: __________

1st Quarter – Lesson 2 Week 2
What is Anthropology?
Anthropology is the study of humankind. The discipline examines the interplay of cultural, social,
economic, political, natural and environmental factors in the development of humans and human
communities. One of the strengths of anthropology as a discipline is its "holistic" or integrative approach; it
links the life sciences, social sciences and the humanities and has strong ties with a multitude of disciplines
ranging from biology to the fine arts.
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Subdisciplines

Biological Anthropology
The discipline of biological anthropology seeks to understand the biological nature of humans.
Historically, there are two major foci of interest within what is also known as and was historically termed
physical anthropology — human evolution and human variation. These two foci overlap in the study of human
adaptability — that is, how humans adapt to their environment.

Cultural Anthropology
The curriculum in cultural anthropology is based on the assumption that there are definable principles
of social order which make widely diverse cultures both meaningful to their members and amenable to
scientific inquiry. The kinship practices, family life, social relations, economic transactions, rites, and
ceremonies of societies of diverse types are examined in lecture courses.

Linguistics
Courses in anthropological linguistics integrate traditional anthropological concerns with the relations
among language, culture, and meaning. Lecture courses center upon the phonological, syntactic, and semantic
components of the languages used by widely separated speech communities. Courses and seminars which
stress the social correlates of language and the suspected link between linguistic labeling practices, abstract
forms of thought, and human behavior are available to the interested student. Cognate courses are available
in logic, philosophy of science, and speech.

Archaeology
The curriculum in archaeology is designed to give the student background in world prehistory,
principles of field research, and competence in archaeological method and theory. Lecture courses examine
cultural chronologies, the reconstruction of past lifeways, and the environmental, economic, technological,
social, and cultural forces that shaped past human activity. Courses and seminars are available treating
regional studies, the origin and development of complex societies, current issues in archaeological theory, and
the history of the archaeological discipline. Individual study is offered involving directed field and laboratory
research.

LET’S EXPLORE!
GIVE AT LEAST ONE (1) TOPIC THAT EACH OF THE SUBDISCIPLINES OF ANTROPOLOGY STUDIES.

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BIOLOGICAL ANTROPOLOGY CULTURAL ANTROPOLOGY

LINGUISTICS ARCHEOLOGY

Prepared by: Mrs. Lourdes M. Manansala

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