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1) Aumentos de personal por cumplimiento de 8 hs de trabajo: 16.500 personas
2) “ “ por licencias, vacaciones, feriados etc: 1.000 personas
3) “ “ por mayor actividad ferroviaria: 31.000 personas
4) Mayor conservación de vía, material rodante y de tracción: 5.000 personas
5) Incorporación de otros ferrocarriles *: 10.000 personas.
Total: 63.500 personas.
*(Ferrocarril Provincial de Buenos Aires, Ferrocarril Correntino y personal ferroviario del
puerto provincial de Santa Fé)
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En síntesis.
El Estado peronista, ante una sorpresiva nacionalización, no pudo ni supo
aprovechar la oportunidad que implicaba el manejo de la totalidad del sistema
ferroviario.
No diseñó una política ferroviaria precisa, reiterando una serie de enunciados
generales tributarios del nacionalismo económico antibritánico del momento.
Esto no implicó carecer de voluntad política para, sobre la marcha, realizar
correcciones. Aunque siempre dando la sensación de “ir por detrás” de las diversas
coyunturas, al estilo de un proceso de acción y reacción, en forma espasmódica.
Otras facetas mostradas por el Estado Nacional en la etapa, como ser la capacidad
de monitoreo, ayudaron al accionar estatal sobre los ferrocarriles, permitiéndole
subsanar en gran medida un serio problema como era el desconocimiento del
alcance preciso del sistema ferroviario. Es por ello que, hacia 1950 logró poseer un
conocimiento sino acabado, al menos más preciso del sistema. Por entonces, una
nueva oportunidad se presentó, aunque ya la coyuntura económica no era la misma.
El “giro al campo” sobreviniente, implicó un nuevo desafío para los ferrocarriles,
los que no respondieron a la demanda solicitada pese a registrarse compras de
insumos mediante un estilo pragmático, basado en comprar donde se pudo, lo que
se pudo.
Los cambios sociales de la época de la mano de sus postulaciones políticas exigieron
a la gestión peronista responder a un explosivo aumento de transporte de pasajeros
que agravó aún más, pese a emprender nuevas adquisiciones, las carencias de
material rodante.
Aun así, este cuadro de situación descrito generó una interesante respuesta, nacida
años antes de la nacionalización, como fue el intento de fabricación local de
insumos.
Este intento, desmedido en sus pretensiones originales, fue asumiendo un perfil más
realista, derivando en el aliento a fábricas de vagones y apostando a un progresivo
proceso de desarrollo de elementos complejos de tracción. Desde nuestro punto de
vista esta fue una política acertada, al punto tal que la fabricación (no tanto el
desarrollo) continuó hacia 1958 bajo la presidencia de Arturo Frondizi. Otra



carencia estatal, la falta de personal, también fue subsanada pragmáticamente. La
prolongación de los contratos con gerentes extranjeros, y segundas líneas de
funcionarios constituyó un acierto, no quedando claro aún que sucedió en las
segundas líneas del ferrocarril y qué porcentaje de los gerentes se acogió a una
jubilación.
Tampoco hubo avances de importancia en infraestructura, como si existiera
conformidad con la complementación de ramales fronterizos y estratégicos realizada
en la etapa 1943-1948.Cierto es que la situación deficitaria no era propicia a
continuar extendiendo nuevas líneas, más allá de su justificación. En definitiva la
búsqueda de simplificar la red, la búsqueda de racionalizar el sistema señalada por
diferentes estudios, no avanzó más allá de planes a futuro. ¿Era necesario continuar
tendiendo líneas? O se requería racionalizar en determinadas áreas y tender líneas
en otras? En definitiva, se necesitaba accionar de acuerdo al diseño de una política
hacia el sector, no poniendo parches.
El área económico financiera también mostró reacciones rápidas en términos de
aumento de tarifas, aunque no alcanzaran para superar el retraso tarifario.
Objetivo que hubiera afectado, de concretarse, las bases sociales del justicialismo.
Debemos destacar la evolución registrada en el concepto de la empresa ferroviaria.
Se observa una transformación significativa desde la nacionalización, cuando
primaba el sentido “social” de la empresa, hasta el tercer año de funcionamiento
bajo control estatal en que comienza a primar la búsqueda de eficiencia y
rentabilidad.

Finalmente podemos concluir que la iniciativa política de la gestión ferroviaria fue

siempre por detrás de otras de mayor peso en la agenda política del momento. Así
esta agenda vio diluirse el protagonismo ferroviario lenta pero inexorablemente
junto con el propio gobierno.






 $QH[R
6LJODVXWLOL]DGDV
AGN:Archivo General de la Nación.
ABGS:Argentine Broad Gauge Estándar.
ASTARSA: Astilleros Argentinos Rio de la Plata S.A.
CEPALComisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe.
ENT Empresa Nacional de Transportes.
FADELFábrica Argentina de Locomotoras Díesel Eléctricas.
FCCA: Ferrocarril Central Argentino.
FCGB: Ferrocarril Nacional General Belgrano.
FCGBM: Ferrocarril Nacional Mitre.
FCGSM: Ferrocarril Nacional San Martín.
FCDFS: Ferrocarril Nacional Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
FCNP: Ferrocarril Nacional Patagónico.
FCGU: Ferrocarril Nacional General Urquiza.
FCGR: Ferrocarril Nacional General Roca.
GAIAGruppo Aziende Italiani e Argentine
GCBA:Compañía General de ferrocarriles en la Provincia de Buenos Aires.
DSCDDiario de sesiones, Cámara de Diputados.
DSCS: Diario de sesiones, Cámara de Senadores.
IAPI: Instituto Argentino de Promoción del Intercambio.
IAME : Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado.
IKA: Industrias Kaiser Argentina.
BTHBritish Thompson Houston.












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6HPHVWUHGH,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGH+LVWRULD(FRQyPLFD\6RFLDO
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%XQJH$OHMDQGURFerrocarriles Argentinos, Contribución al estudio del patrimonio
nacional,PSUHQWD0HUFDWDOL
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materia de transportes,0LQLVWHULRGHWUDQVSRUWHVGH%XHQRV$LUHV
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)DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV(FRQyPLFDV8QLYHUVLGDGGH%XHQRV$LUHV
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norteamericana.0DGULG0LQLVWHULRGH7UDEDMR\6HJXULGDG6RFLDO
&RURQHOO-XDQ&DUORV³&RPRVHRUJDQL]DQORVIHUURFDUULOHVWUDVODQDFLRQDOL]DFLyQ
´%ROHWtQGH+LVWRULD)HUURYLDULD5HYLVWDTodo es Historia,1~P

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(VFXGp&DUORV\0DUtD7&DUEDOORGH&LOOH\³3HUyQ0LUDQGD\ODFRPSUDGHORV
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1995).0LQLVWHULRGH)RPHQWR(VSDxD
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característicasHQ6ROYHLUD
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