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Ukranian Module
Ukranian Module
Ukr translation
1. For a long time, scientists could not decide how to classify infectious diseases.
2. Some scientists suggested taking into account the common symptoms of diseases, others -
the pathogens that cause them.
3. In 1947, the Ukrainian epidemiologist Lev Gromashevsky developed a classification of
infectious diseases.
4. It is based on the primary localization of the infection in the body and the ways of its
transmission.
5. According to this classification, all infectious diseases are divided into 4 groups:
intestinal infectious diseases,
infectious diseases of the respiratory tract,
blood infectious diseases,
infectious diseases of the skin, mucous membrane, hair or nails.
6. Intestinal diseases are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, and the place of their primary
localization is the digestive system.
7. Intestinal infectious diseases include shigellosis, cholera, salmonellosis, viral gastroenteritis
(rotaviruses), amoebiasis, giardiasis, enterobiosis, dysentery, paratyphoid A and B,
poliomyelitis, typhoid, botulism, bacterial food poisoning.
8. Respiratory tract infections are transmitted by airborne droplets.
9. The place of their localization is the respiratory tract.
10. These are influenza, parainfluenza, ARVI, meningococcal infection, diphtheria, chicken pox,
measles, rubella, mumps, whooping cough, leprosy, tuberculosis, etc.
11. Bloodborne infections are transmitted by insects.
12. It can be a mosquito, tick, fleas.
13. The infection enters the bloodstream and develops there.
14. This group includes malaria, Lyme disease, and typhus.
15. In infectious skin diseases, the causative agent enters the body through the skin and mucous
membranes, and the infection affects the entire body (scabies affects only the skin).
16. This group includes leptospirosis, rabies, tetanus, anthrax, hepatitis, AIDS, etc.
17. There is also a fifth group of infectious diseases.
18. It includes infectious diseases with different (several) mechanisms of transmission (plague,
anthrax, hemorrhagic fever, hepatitis, AIDS, etc.).
pain
elevated temperature
heartburn
nausea
vomiting
halitosis
eructation
diarrhea
constipation
loss of appetite
flatulence
bilʹ
pidvyshchena temperatura
pechiya
nudota
blyuvannya
nalit na yazyku
hirkota u roti
pohanyy zapakh z rota
vysypannya na oblychchi
vidryzhka
pronos
zakrep
vtrata apetytu
zduttya zhyvota.
Example
herpes, dermatyt, akne, alʹbinizm, ekzema, miozyt, mozolʹ, pedykulʹoz, prolezhenʹ, seboreya, sklerodermiya, folikulit, korosta,
kropyvʺyanka, lyshay, psoriaz, rozha.
herpes, dermatitis, acne, albinism, eczema, myositis, callus, pediculosis, bedsores, seborrhea, scleroderma, folliculitis, scabies, urticaria,
ringworm, psoriasis, erysipelas.
Scleroderma is a systemic (connective) tissue disease. The main symptom of the disease is (tightening/tightening) of the skin and internal
organs. Scleroderma more often (occurs/occurs) in women than in men. Systemic scleroderma (affects/affects) the skin, musculoskeletal
system and all internal organs, as each of them has connective tissue. Initially, patients (complain/complain) about the deterioration of
sensitivity (numbness) of the fingertips and/or feet, their cooling. These symptoms are associated with (disruption/disruption) blood
supply in the capillaries. This condition is called "Raynaud's disease" in medicine. After a few years, the first foci (death/death) of the skin
(form/formed) on the skin of the fingers, which leads to the appearance of ulcers and, in severe cases, to gangrene. The face of the patient
(acquires/acquired) the appearance of a mask, which has the color of ivory. Then the joints, muscles are affected, (restricted/restricted)
mobility, the patient is (worried/worried) by constant pain. The next stage of disease manifestation is damage to the heart, lungs, kidneys,
digestive organs, as well as (reduce/decrease) body weight. Systemic scleroderma (leads / led) to disability, sometimes even to the death
of the patient.
Seboreya
Seboreya – khvoroba shkiry, prychynoyu yakoyi ye porushennya roboty salʹnykh zaloz. Naychastishe tse zakhvoryuvannya vynykaye v period
statevoho dozrivannya, a takozh pid chas vahitnosti, klimaksu, vnaslidok stresiv, avitaminozu, pry nedotrymanni pravyl osobystoyi hihiyeny.
Seboreya zʺyavlyayetʹsya na tykh dilyankakh shkiry, de znakhodyatʹsya salʹni zalozy, zokrema na volosyaniy chastyni holovy, oblychchi, spyni,
hrudyakh. Rozriznyayutʹ try vydy seboreyi: zhyrna, sukha, zmishana.
Osnovna oznaka zhyrnoyi seboreyi – pidvyshchennya funktsiyi salʹnykh zaloz. Yak naslidok – nadmirna zhyrnistʹ volossya, oblychchya,
vynyknennya vuhriv. Chasto seboreya ye prychynoyu vypadinnya volossya, a v cholovikiv tse zakhvoryuvannya navitʹ pryzvodytʹ do
oblysinnya.
Prychyna sukhoyi seboreyi – znyzhennya funktsiyi salʹnykh zaloz. Shkira staye sukhoyu, lushchytʹsya, sverbytʹ. Volossya – sukhe, lamke,
stonshene, posyleno vypadaye, zʺyavlyayetʹsya bahato lupy. Pry zmishaniy seboreyi sposterihayemo oznaky yak zhyrnoyi, tak i sukhoyi.
Z metoyu profilaktyky tsʹoho zakhvoryuvannya neobkhidno pravylʹno kharchuvatysya, zokrema ne vzhyvaty hostroyi i peresolenoyi yizhi,
pryymaty vitaminy hrupy V, A, D, E, preparaty tsynku y sirky, unykaty stresiv, dotrymuvatysya pravyl osobystoyi hihiyeny, vykorystovuvaty
yakisnu kosmetyku, perebuvaty na chystomu povitri, pryymaty sonyachni vanny, kupatysya u vidkrytykh vodoymakh, zahartovuvatysya.
Seborrhea
Seborrhea is a skin disease caused by a malfunction of the sebaceous glands. Most often, this disease occurs during puberty, as well as
during pregnancy, menopause, as a result of stress, vitamin deficiency, and failure to observe the rules of personal hygiene. Seborrhea
appears on those areas of the skin where there are sebaceous glands, in particular on the scalp, face, back, chest. There are three types of
seborrhea: oily, dry, mixed.
The main sign of oily seborrhea is an increase in the function of the sebaceous glands. As a result - excessive oiliness of the hair, face,
acne. Seborrhea is often the cause of hair loss, and in men this disease even leads to baldness.
The cause of dry seborrhea is a decrease in the function of the sebaceous glands. The skin becomes dry, flaky, itchy. Hair is dry, brittle,
thin, falls out a lot, and a lot of dandruff appears. With mixed seborrhea, we observe signs of both oily and dry.
In order to prevent this disease, it is necessary to eat properly, in particular, not to eat spicy and salted food, take vitamins of group B, A, D,
E, zinc and sulfur preparations, avoid stress, observe the rules of personal hygiene, use high-quality cosmetics, be in the fresh air, to
sunbathe, swim in open water bodies, harden up.